...48 Years Of Nigeria’s Underdevelopment: A Fruit Of Failed And Recycled Policy! * By L.Chinedu Arizona-Ogwu * Published 09/27/2008 * Nigeria Matters * Rating: L.Chinedu Arizona-Ogwu Arizona-Ogwu writes from Oyigbo, Rivers State, Nigeria. View all articles by L.Chinedu Arizona-Ogwu All over the world, there has been progress in many areas over the last 48 years -- life-saving medicines, the Internet, oil boom and , under-water exploration, airbus, the advent of mobile phone and whatsoever -- yet the same poor way of doing things as seen within October 1960 looms even today in Nigeria. Instead of coming up with better innovations and development strategies, this government makes life miserable and put across one of the worst ideas ever: confused, drawing plans, postponing and re-introducing bills yet the years were exhausting. Even if our governments are not the only ones that are bad, they have ranked low for decades on most international comparisons of corruption, state failure, red tape, lawlessness and dictatorship. Our platform "nigeria4betterrule" does not recognize such lousy but tyrant government-- this would be an insult to the many of us who risk their lives to protest this government. Instead, corrupt and mismanaged governments inside this country reflect the unhappy way in which our colonial masters artificially created most nations, often combining antagonistic ethnicities. Anyway, the results of states economics by bad states was a near-zero rise in GDP...
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...Corruption in Nigeria: A New Paradigm for Effective Control Written by Victor E. Dike Published on 30 November -0001 Created on 18 November 2003 • Print • Email Posted by Victor E. Dike in Guest Articles on November 18, 20030 Comments | inShare Causes of Corruption The causes of corruption are myriad, and they have political and cultural variables. Some studies point to a link between ‘corruption and social diversity, ethno-linguistic fractionalization, and the proportions of country’s population adhering to different religious traditions’ (Lipset and Lenz, 2000). Yet, other studies note that corruption is widespread in most non-democratic countries and particularly in countries that have been branded ‘neo-patrimonial,’ ‘kleptocratic’ and ‘prebendal’ (Hope, et. al (eds.) 2000; Lewis, 1996; also see NORAD 2000). Thus the political system and the culture of a society could make the citizens more prone to corrupt activities. Recently, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) had to relieve some of its officials of their posts recently because they were corrupt. And it was not too long ago that all the commissioners of the European Union (EU) resigned because they, too, were found to be corrupt beyond acceptable limits. And quite recently, the Enron Corporation (energy giant) and World-Com (a telecommunication company) in the United States were perceived corrupt because they ‘manipulated their balanced sheets, profit and loss account and tax liabilities.’...
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...Corporate Sustainability and NGO-Activism: The Case of Corporate Watch Description and analysis of the mission, concept and impact of Corpwatch Corpwatch is an independent non-profit organization dealing with environmental, social and other topics. Therefore investigative research and journalism is practiced to inform public about environmental issues and to increase transparency. The organization was founded in 1996 in the San Francisco Bay Area. The project was started by the Tides Center and is led by a six-member Executive Committee of the Advisory Board. The foundation from which the organization emerged and evolved was the book, The Corporate Planet: Ecology and Politics in the Age of Globalization, written by 's founder Joshua Karliner, and published by Sierra Club Books in 1997. Another strong affiliated organization are the Friends of the Earth International. CorpWatch puts itself as a part of a diverse global movement for human rights, social justice, environmental sustainability, peace, corporate transparency and accountability. The Mission The vision of Corpwatch is to promote human, environmental, social and worker rights at the local, national and global levels by making corporate practices more transparent and holding corporations accountable for their actions. Actions, decisions, and policies undertaken and pursued by private corporations are seen with a huge impact on public life without public control, but only few mechanisms to hold them...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Structured election process is one of the indicators of stability in Nigeria’s democracy. Elections in Nigeria continue to elicit more than casual interest by Nigerian scholars due to the fact that despite the appreciation that only credible election can consolidate and sustain the country’s nascent democracy, over the years, Nigeria continues to witness with growing disappointments and apprehension inability to conduct peaceful, free and fair, open elections whose results are widely accepted and respected across the country (Ekweremadu, 2011). All the elections that have ever been conducted in Nigeria since independence have generated increasingly bitter controversies and grievances on a national scale because of the twin problems of mass violence and fraud that have become central elements of the history of elections and of the electoral process in the country (Gberie, 2011). Despite the marked improvement in the conduct of the 2011 elections, the process was not free from malpractices and violence (National Democratic Institute, 2012). Thus over the years, electoral processes in the history of Nigeria’s democratic governance have continued to be marred by extraordinary display of rigging, dodgy, “do or die” affair, ballot snatching at gun points, violence and acrimony, thuggery, boycotts, threats and criminal manipulations of voters' list, brazen falsification of election results, the use of security agencies against...
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...FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL AND THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF ABAKILIKI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EBONYI STATE) BY NKWAGU OLUCHI WINIFRED PA/2008/182 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU. ENUGU STATE AUGUST 2012 1 TITLE PAGE FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL AND THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF ABAKALIKI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EBONYI STATE) BY NKWAGU OLUCHI WINIFRED PA/2008/182 A RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.SC.) DEGREE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU, ENUGU STATE. AUGUST 2012 2 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that Nkwagu Oluchi Winifired with Registratoin Number PA/2008/182 has successfully carried out a research work on “Fuel Subsidy Removal and the Nigerian Economy (A case Study of Abakaliki Local government Area, Ebonyi State.) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of science (B.Sc.) degree in Public Administration ---------------------------------Mr. M. O. Ugada (Project Supervisor) -------------------------Date --------------------------------Mr. M. O. Ugada (HOD Public Adminstration) ---------------------------Date -------------------------------External Examiner ---------------------------Date ...
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...Sector of Nigeria Table of Contents A State Intervention Approach to International Trade and the Right to Health in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector of Nigeria 1 Chapter 1 General Introduction 6 1.1. Background 6 1.1.1. Definitions 14 1.1.2. Trade Liberalization 14 1.1.3. International Trade Law 15 1.1.4. Right to Health 16 1.1.5. Human Right Laws 17 1.2. Research Questions 18 1.3. Justification of the Research 21 1.4. Research Objectives 30 1.5. Research Methodology 31 1.6. Research Structure 37 Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 40 2.1. Introduction 40 2.2. International Trade Rules and Protection of People’s Right to Health 41 2.2.1. Sources of International Trade Rules 41 2.2.2. Trade Liberalization and the Protection of the Right to Health 44 2.3. Scope of the Right to Health 54 2.4. Brief Overview of State Intervention Theory 59 2.5. States Duty towards the Fulfilment of the Right to Health 65 2.6. Legislative and Institutional Regulations Protecting the Right to Health in Nigeria 73 2.6.1. The International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966 76 2.6.2. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) 78 2.6.3. The International Health Regulations, 2005 81 2.6.4. The Nigerian Constitution 82 2.7. Conclusion 83 Chapter 3 State Intervention in the Negative Effects of Trade in Crude Oil and Natural Gas in Nigeria on the Right...
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...53rd largest country in terms of physical size with an area of 183,569 square miles. Comparison wise, it is slightly larger than Sweden, comparable in size to Papua New Guinea, or slightly larger than the state of California. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cameroon). The word “Cameroon” originated from the Portuguese explorers who reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camaroes (or River of Prawns), which eventually evolved into the English name Cameroon (Pondi, 1997). The Cameroon flag has three equal vertical bands of green (for vegetation), red (for independence), and yellow (for sunshine), with a yellow 5-pointed star in the centered in the red band (http://www.10-facts-about.com/Cameroon/id/84). The Lonely Planet travel guide describes Cameroon as “Africa’s throbbing heart, a crazed, sultry mosaic of active volcanoes, white sand beaches, thick rainforest and magnificent parched landscapes broken up by the bizarre rock formations of the Sahel” (http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cameroon). Cameroon enjoys relatively high political and social stability. Cameroon doesn’t have the notoriety of the history of ethnic violence between the Hutu and the Tutsi such as in Rwanda, nor the fame of the beauty of the wildlife in South Africa, politically news wise it hasn’t been on the map the...
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...By: Mr. Feyi Oluwaremi (B.Sc, MBA, FCA) Lecturer, Accounting Department Osun State University, Okuku Campus, Osun State. Nigeria, Africa CURRENT BANK CRISIS AND CBN’s INTERVENTIONS In June 2009, Nigerian Central Bank Governor Sanusi Lamido Sanusi took office. He certainly had an intuitive feeling about how deeply distressed his nation's banking sector was. Foreign risk management analysts had been issuing warnings about Nigerian banks and their toxic assets since January, 2009 and oil prices were down — always a harbinger of hard times coming for Africa's top oil producer. The current bank crisis emanated from greed and destructive capitalism of infinitesimal populace orchestrated by unguided bank reform of the then CBN Governor, Professor Charle Soludo. This position is succinctly narrated by the analysts and scholars as follows: According to Nigerian business journalist, Dayo Coker(2010): “It was simply greed and destructive capitalism.” He continued: “There was a chance to make millions and people seized it. The regulators failed the people.” Long before they failed the people, however, Nigeria's regulators inspired them with a plan to overhaul their convoluted banking system, and open Nigerian finance to the world. In 2005, then-Central Bank Governor Chukwuma Soludo whittled down Nigeria's 89 small-scale banks to a handy 25. The new banks born of Soludo's consolidation were bigger, broader in scope and had much more credit to lend —...
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...As individual we are aware what is happening in our nation. There is a lot of problem that our country is facing are and one of the issues that can’t stopped is the Corruption of Government and as a individual as being part of this society we are affective of it. When we look the meaning of corruption in Wikipedia it will gave you this meaning Corruption is the abuse of bestowed power or position to acquire a personal benefit. Some of us choose to accept this because we are blinded of their black propaganda we don’t even think what will be the future of the next generation if we let this people continue to abuse their power. And when we say Governance it is a government is the system by which a state or community is controlled. In the Commonwealth of Nations, the word government is also used more narrowly to refer to the collective group of people that exercises executive authority in a state Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence. ------------------------------------------------- Effects[edit] Effects on politics, administration, and institutions[edit] In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability...
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...contributions to the study of Entrepreneurship. Introduction Businesses are any undertaking created for the purpose of creating utility. Utility is simply the satisfaction derived from consuming certain goods and services. Businesses are created by a special kind of labour which is also referred to as the entrepreneur. Entrepreneur is regarded as a special kind of labour because not all labour possesses entrepreneurial abilities which enable them to start a business from the scratch. Thus, entrepreneurship is simply the establishment of a new business or business enterprise or venture. This Unit looks at the development of the concept of entrepreneurship and the various ways in which this concept can be defined. Quick Review questions I. Businesses are not any undertaking created for the purpose of creating utility. True or False II. 1.3. Entrepreneur is regarded as a special kind of labour True or False Entrepreneurship – Origin Various scholars have written extensively on the origin of entrepreneurship. What is interesting is that most of the scholars who wrote about the origin of entrepreneurship are either economists or historians. Basically, the concept...
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...on low-end manufacturing and move up the value chain. By the way, these aren’t my observations; these are observations by Chinese leadership. If you follow any Chinese leader’s speech on China’s economic transformation, these are the points he’ll make. We would call that market rationalism or just normal evolution as a country rises to middle-income status. But there are also some countervailing impulses. There’s a strong streak of economic nationalism; there is a desire to promote national champions; there are protectionist impulses; and investment barriers—the policies called indigenous innovation, where China looks for ways to highlight or promote local companies at the expense of international competition. The fundamental economic question is: Will market rationalism prevail over these kinds of distortions, whether you call them...
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...states both in the political, economical, social, and agricultural sectors of the economy. Many succession countries are trying their lack in the otherwise difficult procedures of becoming member to the union. The union continues to offer adverse marketing fields for its members as trade free zone create and increase coverage and economic growth. The aftermath of the war that shuttered continents has led to succession countries joining the union out of free will. Succession countries by far benefit from the European union membership as the membership comes with a lot of advantages that influence economic growth for the member country. Contents Introduction 4 Succession Countries on Joining the European Monetary Union 4 CAP Reforms 8 The arguments in favor of the enlargement of the European Union 10 The Arguments against the Enlargement of the Union 11 Global Competitors 13 China and the Option to Leave the Eurozone 14 Conclusion 16 References 17 European Union: Issues and Policies Introduction The European Union is a group of 27 states primarily located in Europe with a de-facto capital in Brussels and operates using a supranational independent institutions and decisions negotiated intergovernmental by the member states. It was established in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty and itembeds different institutions including the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central...
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...Question No. | Answer | 1 | a. Well-developed equity market & dispersed ownership | 2 | c. Voluntary practices | 3 | a. Advertising | 4 | a. Monetary Policy | 5 | c. That portion of bank’s total cash reserves which they are statutorily required to hold with the RBI. | 6 | b. The Greenbury Committee, 1995 | 7 | b. Bank | 8 | d. Harshad Mehta scam, 1992 | 9 | b. Diffused Debt | 10 | a. Director | 11 | b. De Facto | 12 | b. Independent auditors | 13 | a. Ganguly Group | 14 | c. Bribery | 15 | c. The Pluralistic Model | 16 | a. The National Environment Policy, 2004 | 17 | b. Dhanuka Committee | 18 | a. It lays down the framework for creating long-term trust between companies & the external provides of capital | 19 | d. He has to ensure that his work involves exercise of judgment. | 20 | b. Stewardship Theory | Section B: Short Notes | Question | Answer | 11(continued)1(continued) | Clause 49The term ‘Clause 49’ refers to clause number 49 of the Listing Agreement between a company and the Stock Exchanges on which it is listed. The Listing Agreement is identical for all Indian Stock Exchanges, including the NSE and BSE. This clause is a recent addition to the Listing Agreement and was inserted as late as 2000 consequent to the recommendations of the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee on CG constituted by SEBI in 1999. Clause 49, when it was first added, was intended to introduce some basic CG practices in Indian companies and brought...
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...WOMEN DEVELOPMENT AND NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN IN NIGERIA Olubunmi Aderemi Sokefun Abstract This paper discusses the document on women in Nigeria (National Policy on Women). Several past administrations in this country have treated women issues and affairs with calculated levity: Carefully side - tracking or blatantly refusing to accord it the necessary attention. It is now a thing to gladden the hearts of all women of Nigeria that, "after four attempts by four former heads of Nigeria's Government," Chief Obasanjo's administration finally granted government recognition to women's issues in this country. The official document .on Human Rights' issues as it relates to Nigerian women; this document is known as the NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN. This paper therefore focuses on the document which promises to bring delight to the heart of every woman in this country. Introduction When late Mrs. Olufunmilayo Ransome Kuti joined the vanguard team as the only nationalist and activist during the early struggle for Nigerian independence, hardly did .anybody realize then that she had a dream, a clear vision of a future Nigerian woman, that vision was crystal clear in her heart, and like a pivot, it stood firmly on three stand posts-known today as women's rights, women emancipation and women empowerment.. . Mrs. Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti later joined by some educated women of like minds, fought daringly and relentlessly for these three .pivotal goals of women emergency and relevance in the socio-political...
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...population of our graduate seeking jobs to the barest minimum. This will also reduce the level of unemployment nationally. The materials in the book are contributed by scholars from different intellectual backgrounds to produce a rich and highly stimulating compilation. The book gives a vivid background of the history of entrepreneurship from the rudimentary to the modern age. It provides ideas on principles and skills involved in sustaining entrepreneurship, potentials of businesses and entrepreneurs, types of enterprises and contributions of entreprenures to local, national and global economy. 2.0 Course description The concept and scope of entrepreneurship; the nature and forms of business ownership in entreneurship; entreneurship in Nigeria: an overview; mega-entrepreneurs: a prosopographical historical study of nigerian entrepreneurship, 1850-2000; transnational corporations and...
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