...In the USA probation is defined as a court-ordered disposition alternative through which an adjudicated offender is placed under the control, supervision and care. Probation is away for not sentencing someone in jail and it means freedom but is under supervision. In 1841, John August was the person who discovers and defines “probation”. Probation also has different meanings in the corrections field. As time changes and the society improves probations is now different for good today from the earlier history. Adults and Juveniles have the same right to be in probation for whatever they have done. The development of probation is influenced with different kinds of factors. The word “probation” was defined by John August in 1841. John was the person who brings out to the world the word probation. Probation was accepted by the Boston police court. The concept of probation come from the Latin “probation”, “testing”, has historical roots in the practice of judicial reprieve. In 1878, the mayor of Boston hired a former police officer, and gave him the name “Captain Savage,” he was recognizing as the first official probation officer. If it wasn’t for John August who defined probation right now probation wouldn’t mean anything. All criminals that didn’t do things very big would be in jail instead in the streets under supervision. Probation has different kinds of meanings for example, being out in the world under probation supervision. A court-ordered disposition alternative through...
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...Adult Probation The Cook County Adult Probation Department was established in 1911. It is the largest probation agency in Illinois and the largest probation agency int he United States. The department is accredited by the American Correctional Association. The department operates under the Office of the Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County and administers a wide range of programs covering both standard and specialized probation supervision and pretrial and pre-sentence services. It operates out of 18 office locations and has approximately 670 employees. Each year the probations complete approximately 120,000 hours of community service. The Adult Probation Department receives nearly 18,000 new probation supervision cases annually and has an active caseload of more than 25,000 probationers, 90% of whom have been sentenced for felony offenses. Eighty-eight percent of probationers are assigned to standard caseload supervision, while 12% are supervised in specialized programs designed for specific offender populations. Probation is a criminal sentence which allows defendants to remain in the community in lieu of incarceration. It is the most frequently used sentencing option. Nearly two-thirds of all convicted offenders are sentenced to probation. While on probation, offenders must comply with strict conditions that create opportunities and encourages them to become responsible, productive and law-abiding members of the community. The probation departments...
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...Both parole and probation officers make planned visits to the homes and workplaces of offenders. They work with neighborhood associations and religious groups to check up on the behavior of offenders. They ensure that the people they supervise enroll in substance abuse rehabilitation and job training programs, as ordered by the court. It is the probation and parole officer's main goal to keep offenders from repeating past crimes or violating parole and ending up returning to prison. Convicted criminals are often placed on probation in lieu of prison sentences. Individuals who've completed their prison sentences often get placed on parole after being released. While on probation or parole, convicted criminals are required to remain drug free, refrain from committing crimes, and adhere to other requirements. Parole officers have similar responsibilities as probation officers, but parole officers monitor released prison inmates, while probation officers assist individuals serving probation sentences rather than prison sentences. Parole and probation officers are responsible for supervising people serving parole and probation sentences. While serving probation or parole sentences, some offenders are required to wear electronic anklets to keep track of where they spend their time. Probation and parole officers assist the people they supervise obtain vocational training and drug rehabilitation counseling. Probation and parole officers typically hold...
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...Probation and Parole Officers the Carrying of Firearms Community Resources In Corrections - Fall, 2011 Date submitted Probation and Parole Officers have a common goal to protect the public. They play a vital role in the criminal justice process. The criminal offenders and the areas in which they work may be dangerous. The question of whether parole and probation officers should carry firearms has fueled controversy. Some who favor treatment-based model of supervision have objected to officers carrying a firearm, while others have embraced it. Some agencies throughout the United States have made carrying a weapon an option, some others have gone the mandatory route, while others still do not allow their officers to carry at all. Probation and parole officers experience violent incidents including verbal threats, attacks by offenders' dogs, bomb threats, physical assaults, and resisting arrest. Some argue that probation and parole agencies should authorize their officers to carry firearms in response to these challenges. Parole officers are supervising a violent offender population and are being asked to participate in more aggressive activities. Probation, like most important parts of the CJ system has tons of different positions from administration to actual Officers that get to work one on one with the offenders. The issue of probation/parole officers and firearms relates to whether the officer's role is counseling or...
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...someone would be able to assist me. Soon, someone escorted me into the court room. I looked around and tried to get familiar with the surrounding seeing as how this was my first time being in a court room. I quickly learned that the docket schedule to be heard were criminal and traffic cases. There were a few people waiting on the bench-seats, some by themselves and others with their attorneys and a few people sitting in the jury box with dark blue jail uniforms on. I took my seat, adjusted my eyes and ears, and began to feverishly take notes. The case to be heard by the judge was People V. Ms. X. Ms. X was a small girl with long blonde and pink hair, hardly someone you would expect to face a judge in a prisoner jumpsuit. She was on probation for a multitude of offenses including a possession of a controlled substance and domestic violence charges. She admitted to a long time struggle with substance abuse, particularly Vicodin. She...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research DocumentsThe Research Paper Factory"">JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers"">Home Page » Business and Management Court Observation In: Business and Management Court Observation Court Observation On Monday I visited the District Court. This was my second attempt at visiting a court room; on my first trip I was told the judge did not have a docket for that day. A docket is defined as a calendar of cases awaiting action in a court. Jurisdiction is what gives the courts the power to hear and apply the law to certain types of cases. District Court has original jurisdiction for the following actions; all Traffic and Ordinance violations, all criminal misdemeanors, preliminary exams on felonies, small claims suits, civil lawsuits (amounts up to $25,000), and all contract disputes between tenants and landlords. When I arrived there were a lot of people waiting and I noticed signs posted on the court room doors that stated "Do not to enter until your name is called". Although I know court rooms are generally open to the public, I did not want to be intrusive so I waited patiently in the Traffic/Cashier line hoping someone would be able to assist me. Soon, someone escorted me into the court room. I looked around and tried to get familiar with the surrounding seeing as how this was my first time being in a court room. I quickly learned that the docket schedule to be heard were criminal and traffic cases. There were...
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...mental illness lies in the assumed need for the offender to recognize the danger and undesirability of his criminal behavior and make a significant effort to renounce it. The treatment model does not "remove" criminal behavior, as surgery might remove a malignancy or chemotherapy extinguish an infection; rather the "patient" or inmate is made to see the rewards of socially acceptable behavior and encouraged to adopt it as a mode of conduct for himself. (1) Contrary to some popular misconceptions, the treatment ideology does not mean that inmates are "coddled" and permitted to do as they please within an institution. ______________________________ (1) Sanford Bates, "The Establishment and Early Years of the Federal Probation System," Federal Probation 51 June 1987, p : 4-9. - National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, A National Strategy to Reduce Crime, Washington , U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973p: 121. In fact, some form of treatment ideology can permeate the most restrictive and security-oriented institution . The major difference between the treatment and punishment ideologies is that in the former the inmate is assigned to a correctional...
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...Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report December 1997, NCJ-164267 Characteristics of Adults on Probation, 1995 By Thomas P. Bonczar BJS Statistician On December 31, 1996, State and local probation agencies supervised more than 3 million adult U.S. residents or about 1 in every 62 persons age 18 or older. Since 1990 the Nation's probation population has grown an average of 3% per year. Probationers account for the largest share of adults under correctional supervision (58%), including persons held in jails and prisons and those on parole. Results from the first national survey of adults on probation under the supervision of State and local agencies indicate that 58% had been convicted of a felony; 39% of a misdemeanor, and 3% of other infractions. When the survey was conducted at the beginning of 1995, more than 453,000 adults were on probation for a violent offense; 757,000 for a property offense; 561,000 for a drug offense; and 815,000 for a public-order offense. Using a nationally representative sample, a two-part survey was conducted to collect detailed information on adults on probation. Results from a sample of 5,867 administrative records are presented here. Data from personal interviews with probationers will be the subject of a future report. Highlights Percent of adults on probation MisdeTotal Felony meanor Total Offense Violent Property Drug Public-order 100 % 100 % 100 % 17.3% 28.9 21...
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...Ltd. Mumbai Pune Road, Pune (MH), India Email: contactus@rolandindia,com www.roland.co.in Reference Date: Dear Sir/Madam, SUB: APPOINTMENT AS…. Welcome to our company. With reference to your application for the captioned post and subsequent test and interview, we are pleased to inform you that you have been selected for the post of Marketing Executive in the FMCG department of the company on the following terms and conditions: Date of Appointment You will be appointed as a Marketing Executive with effect from 6th of March, 2010. Probation Period The probation period will be six months. However, after the said period, it can be extended at the discretion of the company for a further period of next six months. Salary during Probation During the probation period, you will be entitled to fixed salary of US $ 1000 per month. Appointment after Expiry of Probation Period (in case found suitable) After the expiry of probation period, if you are found suitable by the company for the same post or a different post, you will be confirmed in your appointment on a salary of US $ 1800 according to the scale of Marketing Executive as per US Bureau of Labour Statistics, plus other incentives, allowances and contributory provident fund. If you are not found suitable for the post, your appointment might get terminated at the discreetness of the company and in case of such termination you will have no right or claim against the company. Standing Orders You shall abide by the...
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...Probation: A Crime Control Policy Yarahi Reinaldo Florida International University April 17, 2011 Abstract Probation is one of the alternative responses for prison overcrowding, and it is the primary prosecutorial instrument in the war of drugs. It is an agency that plays two roles in the criminal justice system: it works as a law enforcement agency (protecting the society) and it provides social service (offering rehabilitation for minor offenders who pose minimal risks to public safety). The state department of corrections is in charge of probation when this is fulfilling its executive function. On the other side, the local courts or the state judiciary is responsible for probation officers when it plays its judicial role. Probation’s law enforcement function belongs to the executive branch and its social role fit into the judiciary branch (probation officers bound by the will of the court). Probation, as an alternative to incarceration, is one of the most frequent sentences used in United States. It brings benefits to the individual and the government. The offender receives a sentence while not staying in prison, and the government saves money on not sending the offender to incarceration. Juvenile offenders occupy a decent number on the probation system. More than half of juveniles who receive a juvenile court sanction are placed on probation (Worrall, 2008). This could have the explanation that our criminal justice system is more dependent on...
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...In order to study the past, present and future implications of the probation and parole system, I had to study the history of both. I will begin with the history of probation and then talk about the history of parole. I will also talk about how probation and parole work in the present and how and what will happen to both probation and parole in the future. Probation comes from the Latin verb probare which means to prove, to rest. Probation was first introduced to the United States in 1841 when a boot-maker by the name of John Augustus attended court to bail out a drunkard. This offender was released to the custody of Mr. Augustus making him the first true probation officer, the offender was told to return to court in three weeks time for sentencing. During the time the offender was in the custody of Mr. Augustus he cleaned up his appearance and demeanor. Mr. Augustus had the belief that abusers of alcohol could be rehabilitated through the use of understanding, kindness, and sustained moral suasion not convictions and jail sentences. His beliefs were based on his affiliation with the Washington Total Abstinence Society, they abstained from alcohol. Augustus was a volunteer probation officer for 18 years. He began the practice of evaluating the prospective probationers paying close attention to whether the candidate would prove to be a successful candidate for probation. Things that were considered in a successful candidate were the character, age, and influences...
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...Adult Probation The Cook County Adult Probation Department was established in 1911. It is the largest probation agency in Illinois and the largest probation agency int he United States. The department is accredited by the American Correctional Association. The department operates under the Office of the Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County and administers a wide range of programs covering both standard and specialized probation supervision and pretrial and pre-sentence services. It operates out of 18 office locations and has approximately 670 employees. Each year the probations complete approximately 120,000 hours of community service. The Adult Probation Department receives nearly 18,000 new probation supervision cases annually and has an active caseload of more than 25,000 probationers, 90% of whom have been sentenced for felony offenses. Eighty-eight percent of probationers are assigned to standard caseload supervision, while 12% are supervised in specialized programs designed for specific offender populations. Probation is a criminal sentence which allows defendants to remain in the community in lieu of incarceration. It is the most frequently used sentencing option. Nearly two-thirds of all convicted offenders are sentenced to probation. While on probation, offenders must comply with strict conditions that create opportunities and encourages them to become responsible, productive and law-abiding members of the community. The probation departments...
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...PROBATIONER IN THE EYES OF LAW E. M. RAO Senior Manager – Corporate Industrial Relations IDL Chemicals Ltd., Hyderabad INTRODUCTION Probation is a period of time during which a person is put to test or trial, for a final assessment of his fitness or otherwise for the post to which he/she is appointed. As per the traditional view, it conferred an inalienable right on the employer to dispense with the services of a probationer at any time during the period of probation without assigning any reason and without notice or compensation in lieu of notice. This right of the employer was considered absolute throughout the period of probation and there was no relief for the probationers in the event of termination before the expiry of he period of probation. This traditional understanding prompted the employers to frame the Standing Orders and the individual contracts of employment in this regard. This customary view, however, no longer holds good. STATUS OF THE PROBATIONER Before the expiry of Probation The Supreme Court in the famous case of Express Newspapers Lid. v. Labour Court,2 held that without anything more an appointment on probation for six months gives the employer no right to terminate the services of an employee before six months had expired except on the ground of misconduct or other sufficient reasons in which case even the services of a permanent workman could be terminated. At the end of six-month period, the employer can either confirm him or terminate...
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...Some Basics about Gratuity: * Gratuity Act is applicable to all establishments, where number of employees, are 10 or more in any day of the preceding 12 months. . * Charitable institutes and hospital are also covered under the act. * It includes both commercial and non commercial establishment like educational institutes etc. * Only Basic and Dearness allowance should be considered as wages for the purpose of Gratuity. * Gratuity payment formula: Example: If an employee leave company after 10 years and his last Basic + Dearness allowance is 10000 then his gratuity will be paid as per following formula. (10000/26)*15* 10 Please note that above formula will remain same irrespective of employee working in 5 days a week establishment. FAQ 1: Can an employee claim Gratuity even before completion of 5 years? Yes, An employee can claim gratuity even before completion of 5 years in followings cases: * Death (to his nominees) * Disablement But the quantum of gratuity will be as per act. FAQ 2: Can employer forfeit Gratuity, even if employee has completed 5 years? Yes, employer can forfeit gratuity even if employee has completed 5 years in following cases: * If the services of such employee have been terminated for his riotous or disorderly conduct or any other act of violence on his part, or * If the service of such employee have been terminated for any act which constitutes an offense involving moral turpitude, provided...
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