...Philosophy of Science (All Science, not just social science) During the time of the ancient Greeks—that is, Socrates and Plato, but before them and after them as well, the study of “philosophy” (Greek for “love of wisdom”) began. At that time, philosophy included both the natural and physical sciences as well what we know as philosophy today. The development of philosophy created a tension between philosophy, science, and religion. Remember that Socrates was put to death for allegedly questioning the existence of the official state-worshiped gods. This tension between philosophy, science and religion continued through the 1400’s and 1500’s when the European “Enlightenment” emphasized the concept that both “rational thought” and “science” was separate from religion. Today, they are still generally in tension. Whether these methods of gaining knowledge are consistent or not is constantly debated among scientists, theologians, and philosophers. Science=observation of the physical universe which includes (beginning in the late 1800’s) the study of human behavior using our five senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell); Religion=the study of the “divine” (i.e., god, however a person conceives of that notion, and it’s implications) Philosophy=the study of questions unanswerable by science through the use of “reason” (rational thought) alone. Thus, there are 4 different philosophical views on how humans can obtain knowledge: 1. mysticism/divine revelation—a...
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...This article from PPST Bulletin is made available on-line by Samanvaya (www.samanvaya.com). All the rights of the article rest with the authors and any enquiries and clarifications may be directed to them. These are made available in an as-is basis, please report any mistakes to knowledge@samanvaya.com. TOWARDS A NON-WESTERN PERSPECTIVE ON SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE I The available studies on the phenomenon and institution of science suffer from a curious limitation. It is as if all those who analyse the subject were overawed by the grandeur of modern science, and their studies were in the nature of tributes laid at the feet of this great saviour. All analysis starts from the assumption that modern science is a set of value-free theories that uniquely explain reality. After the scientists in the early 20th century started overhauling their theories in a big way, it was granted that the value-free theories of science that explain reality may do so only partially at a given time, but as science progresses, its theories explain more and more of reality and the process converges towards the ‘ultimate’, ‘unique’ law that explains everything. Committed to this idealist picture of a unique value free science, the philosophy of science is reduced to a set of attempts at finding the epistemological criterion, internal to science, that allows the scientist, unencumbered by any extraneous considerations, to choose the true theory out of a competing set; the sociology of science is reduced to...
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...to know the practical side along with theoretical knowledge. Modern business world is most sophisticated and complex one. It needs comprehensive lessons to deal with it efficiently and smartly. The necessity of practical knowledge is very much required. They are as follows: * After achieving practical knowledge it acts as a guideline during the service period. * In improvement of theoretical knowledge adjacent to practical events. * Identification of problem of business unit. Finding out techniques and methods for solving business unit problem. * Enhancement of the relationship between administration and laborers. * Formulation of policy for the improvement of business policy. * In performance evaluation of a business unit internship program is most significant. * Comparing or determining then extent applicability of systems or methodologies of various business disciplines. * Identify or direct barriers and changes to bring success of business unit. * Knowing about method of correction of errors, formulation of co-operatives. 1.2 SCOPE OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAM: Scope of the study can be described in terms of two grounds like: Organizational Scope: I worked in some important departments of Janata Bank Ltd. Hatem Khan Branch Rajshahi. I could not get the opportunity to work in foreign exchange department. I gave my all customers service in Janata Bank. Periodical Scope: My practical orientation in Bank started from the beginning dated...
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...Running head: QUALITATIVE 1 Qualitative Research and Methods Maria A. Kithcart LEAD 870 January 29, 2012 Dr. Heewon Chang Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe in a reflective-analysis essay format about QL research methods and process that contains a discussion of the following four components. First, the author highlights how QL research orientation is different from QN research orientation. Next, the author explains methodological insights that have been gained through the interview and QL data analysis exercises. Considerations for designing a QL research dissertation based on the semester’s learning are discussed next. Last, the author shares what she needs to do or learn in depth to be able to design a sound QL dissertation. Introduction The world of academic research is one of constant change. With the advent of new technology and practices as well as emerging fields such as organizational leadership, researchers have more choices by which to capture data and analyze their findings. In addition, qualitative research (often designated as “QL” by researchers) is gaining momentum as an accepted methodology within the greater academic community. Whereas quantitative methods are essentially statistical measures used to describe phenomena as a means to bring about generalization, qualitative methods (including participant observation, intensive interviewing, and focus groups) are utilized to capture experiences...
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...Miller 2002; Hambrick and Canella 1989). Every failure of implementation is a failure of formulation. The utility of any tool lies in its effective usage and so is the case with strategy. Strategy is the instrument through which a firm attempts to exploit opportunities available in the business environment. The performance of a firm is a function of how effective it is in converting a plan into action and executing it. Thus implementation is the key to performance, given an appropriate strategy. In literature, implementation has been defined as “the process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the development of programs, budgets and procedures” (Wheelan and Hunger pp15). This involves the design or adjustment of the organisation through which the administration of the enterprise occurs. This includes changes to existing roles of people, their reporting relationships, their evaluation and control mechanisms and the actual flow of data and information through the communication channels which support the enterprise (Chandler 1962; Hrebiniak and Joyce 2005). Evolution The field of Strategic management has grown in the last thirty five years developing into a discipline in its own right. Borrowing extensively from Economics and Social sciences, it is still fragmented by the presence of number of distinct schools of thought, diversity in underlying theoretical dimensions and lack of disciplined methodology. The fragmentation is due to...
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...THE EFFECTS OF FRONTLINERS SERVICE ORIENTATION BEHAVIOURS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY CAVITE ON CUSTOMERS’ SERVICE EVALUATION: AN ASSESSMENT A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Philippine Christian University Dasmariñas, Cavite In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree in Masters In Business Administration MOJICA, KRISHA MAY S. March 2015 APPROVAL SHEET The thesis entitled “THE EFFECTS OF FRONTLINERS SERVICE ORIENTATION BEHAVIOURS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY CAVITE ON CUSTOMERS’ SERVICE EVALUATION: AN ASSESSMENT” is prepared and submitted by Mojica, Krisha May S. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration who has been examines and recommended for Oral examination. ___________________ ___________________ Date O’Land C. Nwoke Adviser PANEL OF EXAMINERS Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of _________________. ___________________ Chairman ___________________ _________________ Member Member Comprehensive Examination Grade __________ Date Taken _____________ Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Master in Business Administration (MBA). __________________ _________________________ Date Dr. Teresita C. Arnaldo Dean, Graduate School ...
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...Literature Review Handout Liberty University Online Writing Center Handout Description A review of literature is a critical analysis of a portion of the published body of knowledge available through the use of summary, classification, and comparison of previous research studies, reviews of literature, and journal articles (“How to Write a Literature Review”, 2012). This handout discusses the reasons for writing a literature review and presents its various requirements. It examines what a literature review is, as well as what it is not; it distinguishes between the literature review and the annotated bibliography. Like many academic writing assignments, there is not one universal standard for writing a literature review. Its format can differ from discipline to discipline and from assignment to assignment. There is, however, an overall structure that is commonly used across various disciplines, and this format is examined in more detail. The handout concludes with some helpful “tips and tricks” for preparing a literature review. Disclaimer: The content of a literature review may vary from discipline to discipline and from assignment to assignment. The literature review content recommended in this handout is that which is most commonly included. If in doubt about what you should include in your literature review, please consult your professor. Literature Review Handout Defining a Literature Review ...
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...things.” Surah Al-Nur [24:35] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost we would like to thank Almighty Allah, The Glorious, The Supreme, the King of the Kings, whose help and guidance in both worlds is unparallel. We would like to thank to our sir and parents for their help and guidance through out our life. We really want to thank our teacher Sir. Mushtaq Ahmed for his help and to our parents for their moral support to us. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION: 5 RATIONALE AND SIGNIFICANCE: 5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: 6 CONTRIBUTION: 7 LITERATURE REVIEW/PAST RESEARCH: 7 PROBLEM STATEMENT: 10 THEORATICAL FRAMEWORK: 10 HYPOTHESIS TO BE INVESTIGATED: 12 RESEARCH DESIGN: 12 Methodology: 13 Instrument: 13 Data analysis: 13 REFERENCE: 14 TOPIC: “ROLE OF CORPORATE CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE” INTRODUCTION: In the modern business world of today, it is imperative that individuals understand each other as members of the same organization. The study of culture attempts to describe some underlying dynamics...
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...OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT A case study of H&M Ding Huiru Business Administration Bachelor’s thesis International Business April 2011 2 SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES SAVONIA BUSINESS Degree Programme, option International Business Author(s) Ding Huiru Title of study The importance of strategic management, Case study of H&M Type of project Date Pages Thesis 27.4.2011 59+12 Supervisor(s) of study 1st Antti Iire 2nd Anneli Juutilainen Executive organization H&M in Kuopio,Finland Abstract Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) is a 100 billion Sweden company, engaged in designing and retailing of fashion apparel and accessories. The company offers a range of apparel, cosmetics, footwear and accessories for men, women, children and teenagers. H&M primarily operates in Europe, North America and Asia, and has a presence in over 38 countries. The company is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden and employs approximately 87,000 people on a full-time basis. This thesis focused on the strategic management of H&M company. The main research problem was to make an in-depth analysis of its marketing strategy and how to implement it. The main research method was a qualitative research by analyzing their company data, annual reports and making interviews with the manager, staffs and customers in Kuopio shop. The thesis starts with a general introduction and some background information of this thesis work. In the theoretical part, it described the definition...
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...THE IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT A case study of H&M Ding Huiru Business Administration Bachelor’s thesis International Business April 2011 2 SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES SAVONIA BUSINESS Degree Programme, option International Business Author(s) Ding Huiru Title of study The importance of strategic management, Case study of H&M Type of project Date Pages Thesis 27.4.2011 59+12 Supervisor(s) of study 1st Antti Iire 2nd Anneli Juutilainen Abstract Executive organization H&M in Kuopio,Finland Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) is a 100 billion Sweden company, engaged in designing and retailing of fashion apparel and accessories. The company offers a range of apparel, cosmetics, footwear and accessories for men, women, children and teenagers. H&M primarily operates in Europe, North America and Asia, and has a presence in over 38 countries. The company is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden and employs approximately 87,000 people on a full-time basis. This thesis focused on the strategic management of H&M company. The main research problem was to make an in-depth analysis of its marketing strategy and how to implement it. The main research method was a qualitative research by analyzing their company data, annual reports and making interviews with the manager, staffs and customers in Kuopio shop. The thesis starts with a general introduction and some background information of this thesis work. In the theoretical part, it described the definition, process...
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...strategies for appropriate product or services | | |To gain experiences in making effective marketing decisions via using the case learning approach | | |Transferable Skills: | | |Through lecture in classroom and presentation. | | |Teaching-learning and assessment strategy | | | | | |Knowledge of Discipline Area | | |Practical Skills | | |Problem solving and scientific skills | | |Communication Skills ...
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...Decision Making IT has been said that administration is the critical organizational process, making possible production, procurement, and the rest; that leadership is the heart of administration; and that decision making is the key to leadership. Inherent in these statements are some remarkably accurate characterizations of current administrative theory. One thing they seem to imply is a coherence and a unity in administrative theory which do not seem to exist. When one attempts to assay the literature dealing with a concrete administrative process such as decision making, he discovers this. Divergent approaches to the study of decision making show that there are conflicting conceptions of its nature and function. And these probably are symptoms of a more fundamental conflict in contemporary administrative theory. Administration and leadership as foci for study have traditionally been the concern of historians, occasional novelists, and students of management, public and private. A generation ago these people had articulated a consistent, rather comprehensive conception of leadership, and especially administration. The Papers of Gulick and Urwick, for example, were regarded by many of us as a major conceptual achievement setting forth a twentieth-century theory of organization. Even as these ideas were gaining acceptance, however, the concepts that would replace them were emerging. After World War I, even before the 'The authors wish to express their appreciation to Professor...
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...reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated using appropriate techniques. This process resulted in a valid and reliable CHN learning needs assessment questionnaire to measure learning needs of large groups of practitioners, where other forms of measurement cannot be feasibly conducted. Aydin, A.K., & Karadaq, A. (September-October 2010). Assessment of nurses knowledge and practice in prevention and management of deep tissue injury and stage 1 pressure ulcer. Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing, 37(5), 487-494. This is a good overview from a well-known nursing journal that focuses on a descriptive study on how to determine a nurses knowledge and usual practice and prevention of deep tissue injuries. It gives an in depth explanation on the methods and assessment tools used for nursing education and testing of knowledge learned during the study. Billings, J.R., Crowley, S. (2008). Approaches to community needs assessment: a...
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...SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Characteristics of Social Science Introduction One of the livelier academic debates of recent years has concerned the "scientific" status of those disciplines gathered under the rubric of the social sciences-typically including sociology, political science, social psychology, economics, anthropology, and sometimes fields such as geography, history, communications, and other composite and specialty fields, basically at issue like whether human behavior can be subjected to scientific study. It is a firm assumption of social scientists now-a-days that social behaviour can be subjected to scientific study as legitimately as can atoms, cells and so forth. Like physical scientists, social scientists seek to discover regularity and order. The social scientist looks for regularity in social behavior. He does this through careful observation and measurement, discovery of relationship, and framing of models and theories. The Search for Social Regularities Measuring Social Phenomena The first building block of science is measurement, or systematic observation. There is no fundamental reason why social scientists cannot measure phenomena relevant to their enquiry. The age and sex of people can be measured. Place of birth and marital status can be measured in a number of different ways, varying in accuracy and economy. Aggregate social behaviour can be measured systematically as well. The political...
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...…have been remarkably successful… with minimal official, rational, and systematic planning.2 Chapter outline Introduction p. 38 Strategic management p. 38 Hierarchy of strategy p. 42 Strategic human resource management p. 46 HRM and organizational performance p. 60 Chapter objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain the meaning of strategic management and give an overview of its conceptual framework. 2. Describe the three levels of strategy formulation and comment on the links between business strategy and human resource management. 3. Explain the two models of strategic HRM, the matching model and the resourcebased model. 4. Comment on the various strategic HRM themes of re-engineering, workplace learning, trade unions and leadership. 5. Explain the methodological difficulties of measuring the link between HRM practices and organizational performance. 38 The Nature of Human Resource Management Introduction In the first chapter we examined the theoretical debates on the nature and significance of the new HRM model, in this chapter we explore various strategic issues associated with HRM. Just as the new HRM model is contested, so too is the notion of strategy. So before we look at some of the issues associated with the strategy–HRM concept, this chapter first examines strategic management concepts and framework and explores the links between business strategy and HRM. The...
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