...Presented by INTRODUCTION ¡ ¡ DECISION MAKING "Decision making is the process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem." CONSUMER DECISION MAKING ¡ ¡ Specific situations that trigger consumer to make a decision in between two or more alternatives question ¡ ¡ ¡ Define extensive problem solving, limited problem and rou6nized response behavior. What type of decision process would you expect most consumers to follow in their first purchase of new product or brand in each of the following areas: Ø chewing gum Ø Sugar Ø Men’s aBer shave lo6on Ø Carpe6ng Ø Paper towel Ø Cellular phone and luxury car What are the differences among the three decision-‐making approaches? levels OF CONSUMER DECISION MAKING ¡ There are three levels of consumer decision making ¡ They are : Ø Extensive problem solving Ø Limited problem solving Ø Rou6nized response behaviour Extensive problem solving ¡ ¡ ¡ The process of a customer trying to get all the informa6on they ...
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...Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper Monique Reed BSHS/435 February 22, 2015 Dora Baker Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper In this paper in will provide details on how scientific methods can be used in the Human services. Explaining the steps of scientific methods, and how it serves as an important key to Human services professionals. Each steps will be included on how they are define and what purpose it serves will scientific methods are applied. Human services professionals use the scientific methods to gain information on the client as well as how to approach the clients issues. Also researching other resources to meet the needs of the client to ensure the client is receiving accurate help. Scientific Method Scientific method is a method that used to research and study that involves investigation and evaluation of present or future problems. Scientific method helps with produce the right answers to questions that cannot be answered with common sense alone. Researchers can use scientific methods to exploit all the facts, evidence, opinions, and records to find the right plan. As a Human service professional using scientific method can help with identifying the solution of the client’s problem and finding a resolution to ensure it will help to rebuild the client’s life. No matter field an individual is in when it concerns Human services, research will always be needed to ensure self-thoughts, bias, and ones on solution is not...
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...Problem Solving and Judgment Selina Appel, Denise Locke, Christina Stamatien, and Amber Hamilton PSY 640 May 12, 2014 Dr. Brian Newbury Problem Solving and Judgment What is problem solving? Problem solving is a complex mental process that includes identifying, analyzing, discovering and solving problems. “Problem solving is described in terms of searching a problem space, which consists of various states of the problem” (Anderson, 2009, p. 212). Often times, problems can be difficult, and decisions can be challenging. Most problem solving issues require a lot of thought, emotion, and research in order to come up with a conclusion. The main goal in problem solving is to hinder and conquer obstacles and find the best solution to resolving the issues. Individuals use different strategies for problem solving in everyday life, whether at home, at work, or just in general. This paper will illustrate bullying in the workplace, and how to strategize. This paper will also demonstrate problem solving in the workplace, methods to problem solving, judgments in problem solving, and an implemented plan. Methods to Problem Solve Bullying in the workplace is a psychological harassment that impacts the mental health of individuals’ wellbeing. Bullying can lead to employee stress and it targets the physical and mental health of the individual (Namie & Namie, 2013). Bullying in the workplace is not acceptable behavior and there are ways to identify or deal with bullying. Mangers...
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...Problem Solving and Decision Making: Consideration of Individual Differences Using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator William G. Huitt Citation: Huitt, W. (1992). Problem solving and decision making: Consideration of individual differences using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Journal of Psychological Type, 24, 33-44. Retrieved from [date] http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/prbsmbti.html Return to: | Readings in Educational Psychology | Educational Psychology Interactive | Abstract Improving individuals' and groups' abilities to solve problems and make decisions is recognized as an important issue in education, industry, and government. Recent research has identified a prescriptive model of problem solving, although there is less agreement as to appropriate techniques. Separate research on personality and cognitive styles has identified important individual differences in how people approach and solve problems and make decisions. This paper relates a model of the problem-solving process to Jung's theory of personality types (as measured by the MBTI) and identifies specific techniques to support individual differences. The recent transition to the information age has focused attention on the processes of problem solving and decision making and their improvement (e.g., Nickerson, Perkins, & Smith, 1985; Stice, 1987; Whimbey & Lochhead, 1982). In fact, Gagne (1974, 1984) considers the strategies used in these processes to be a primary outcome of modern education...
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...Assignment 2.1- Justification Report(Part 1) Problem statement The main problem that employees face in Carnival Cruise Line Company is a hostile environment. This hostile environment in Carnival Cruise Line Company is also a form of harassment. A good number of other employees in Carnival Cruise Line Company normally think that issues that bring about the hostile environment in the workplace include; bosses who are irresponsible, rude coworkers, privileges, benefits, the lack of perks, work environment that is unpleasant and even recognition. In most cases, to consider the workplace hostile, some lawful standards and policies are supposed to be met. The creation of this hostility in the work environment is mostly done by the boss or a colleague whose behavior, actions, and communications makes it impossible to perform the responsibilities of the workplace or the organization. With the traits portrayed by the coworkers and the employers, it can be concluded that he traits are responsible for changing the terms and conditions or the anticipations of the conducive and comfortable work environment for all employees. Moreover, in order for a work environment to be considered hostile, the traits and actions should show unfairness. An example is where an employee posts nude images or says sexual and explicit jokes is termed as guilty of harassing a fellow employee sexually (Mann & Goodman 2008). The employee is obligated to face legal actions by creating the hostile environment in the...
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...Decision Making and Problem Solving: Benefits and Techniques Defining Problem Solving and Decision Making Definition of a Problem: A problem exists when there is a gap between what you expect to happen and what actually happens. Definition of Decision Making: Decision making is selecting a course of action from among available alternatives. The Difference between Decision Making and Problem Solving While both processes are systematic, problem solving involves defining a problem and creating solutions for it. Decision making is selecting a course of action from among available alternatives. Problem solving always involves decision making. However, not all decision making involves solving a problem. For example, a supervisor may have to make decisions about employees, resources, workload, etc. without having a problem to solve. Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Process Problem solving is a process in which we perceive and resolve a gap between a present situation and a desired goal, with the path to the goal blocked by known or unknown obstacles. In general, the situation is one not previously encountered, or where at least a specific solution from past experiences is not known. In contrast, decision making is a selection process where one of two or more possible solutions is chosen to reach a desired goal. The steps in both problem solving and decision making are quite similar. In fact, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Steps in Decision Making...
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...Merger Dilemma Paper Merger Dilemma Paper Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx LDR/300 - INNOVATIVE LEADERSHIP Ray De Puy 05/24/2014 Abstract The organizational world is still shaking from the impact of individual and organizational actions that are contrary to the open-ended community standards of ethics. Changes are unavoidable, employees begin to replicate on the new ways and eliminate old habits. As managers, changes are the needed to be successful in business and as a leader. Utilizing creative problem solving is crucial to identify issues and opportunities for improvement. Followers respect leaders who have confidence in their decisions to do what is best for the business and the team. Safe transitions with clear responsibility guidelines for leaders will lead to the best results for the long-term sustainability and growth of the business. Methods to Anticipate and Adapt to necessary Organizational Change In today's society, it is crucial for companies to be willing and open for change, in order to continue to be cost-effective in an extremely competitive market. As people get older their personal lives change and so do careers, professions and businesses. The entire method can be very stressful to staffs and adverse reactions may come out of it because it is constantly wise to identify the diverse phases of anticipation and change that may result in order to take precautionary methods. In most cases, employee that have been with the company for years are...
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...Creative Problem Solving Demonstration Paper SOC/110 December 16, 2013 Creative Problem Solving Demonstration Paper Using brainstorming in creative problem solving is a technique used by most groups to make associations with a word or words to come up with the problem solving idea. In our demonstration we have chosen “Improper behavior in the workplace”. When we think about improper behavior, one might think of cursing, sexual harassment, or fooling around when you should be working but there is so much more that we don’t think about, such as, constantly checking your phone, being too nosey about everything, thievery, excuses, and the always stated “that’s not my job”. Unlike in a classroom environment where all of the team members can sit around and brainstorm, we can do it through the discussion board if we have full cooperation with all team members. Everyone can list their ideas on one day and then we can all elaborate on which ones are the best and take it from there to reach a conclusion. As with any session, there have to be rules set in place because brainstorming can one or more individuals to become frustrated and this can lead to difficulties within the team when trying to come up with a solution to creative problem solving. Rules such as, quantity not quality, no criticism, no bosses or supervisors, every idea gets written down, and then evaluate every idea that is written down. We believe that out of the three techniques, Brainstorming...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Business and Management Coca-Cola Company: Then and Now In: Business and Management Coca-Cola Company: Then and Now Case Study Coca-Cola Company: Then and Now Vladyslav Mozharov vladyslavmozharov@cityu.edu John Elmer Case Study – Coca-Cola Company: Then and Now May 1, 2014 The traditional change model consists of three steps: unfreezing, i.e. recognizing the need for change because of some event or threat, the actual change actions and refreezing, i.e. incorporating new ways of operating and thinking into everyday operations of the organization. Apply this model to the situation at the coca-cola company at the point when the lawsuit was served in 1999. As it is stated in the case of Coca-Cola, it was a marketing machine ran by bureaucrats and tried to create an image of their brand more than to give to customers what they want. At that stage, Ivestor, who was a CEO of the company, was focusing more on the numbers and revenues than on what is really going inside of the company. He was described as insecure and arrogant and refused to listen to his own people, working for him. Instead of solving the real problems in the company, he was focusing on keeping profits on the same level. Case gives an example of passivity of his actions by increasing the price of Coke syrup sales to bottlers...
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...Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches | |to problems. (kinicki & Fugate, p. 7) | |Problem-solving: Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. | |(Kinicki & Fugate, p. 7) | |Judgement and Decision Making: Considering the relative cost and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate ones. | |(Kinicki & Fugate, p. 7) | |Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are saying; taking the time to understand the points made; asking questions as| |appropriate and not interrupting. (Kinicki & Fugate, p. 7) | In the text, Understanding, and Managing Organizational Behavior, George and Jones define organization as a group of people that “work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a variety of goals” (kinicki & Fugate, p. 5) This paper will focus on explaining the main components of organizational behavior, while providing examples of how these elements relate...
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...THE PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY TAFT AVENUE, MANILA GRADUATE SCHOOL RESEARCH CASE PAPER FORMAT Title Page Acknowledgment Approval Sheet Executive Summary The case paper synopsis discussing the company’s current situation and the problems besetting the firm. The final paragraph states the possible alternative courses of actions solution to the problem. Possibly 1-2 pages only. Table of Contents (include all details of List of Appendices, Exhibits, etc) Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Background a) Introduction The researcher cites the relevance and the importance of the study in term of its existence. The researcher likewise mention theories or concepts linked with his/her present study in relation to the total industry setting where it belongs and how it helped them to overcome problems of the firm. The introductory chapter will have the background of the problems to give the reader a bird’s eye view of the study. b) Background of the Study This section discusses the research environment (locate) under study stating briefly the history of the company. It contains concise situational analysis of the past, present and the future outlook of the company. It discusses the thorough analysis of the organization problems and how the company will solve them. There are case papers which include: c) Scope and Limitation of the Study This includes the coverage of the study, the participants, the issues...
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...Cognitive Processes Paper Cristala Walker August 8, 2012 INTRODUCTION This paper will examine the cognitive processes of attention, language, and problem solving. This paper will explain the purpose of each cognitive processes. This paper will also summarize and evaluate the studies of these cognitive processes and also the research methodology that they focus on. Cognitive processes are very important for human behavior. It is about the knowledge and the way people use his or her knowledge. Cognitive processes affect individuals in everyday life, often occurring within fractions of a second. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH COGNITIVE PROCESS Language is used to communicate feelings, thoughts, and ideas effectively. The use of language begins at a very young age, some would agree before birth. Language is spoken in a mixture of techniques from oral, to sign language to body language. In language there is a collection of terms, which is related to a particular topic, and the collection of terms is identified as a lexicon. Language and lexicon mutually combined because of the recollection of vocabulary or verbal communication, which transmits to cognitive psychology because the occurrence of lexical judgments in processing vocabulary in the cognitive mind. The main aspects of verbal communication are communicative, uninformed, controlled, generative, and self-motivated. The communicative part of language is the speech between two individuals. The uniformed part is the...
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...In this essay, it would be found out that the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development is a multidirectional cycle, which means that they affect each other in two directions. From one direction, when there is a problem entrepreneurs would use innovation which comes from creativity to solve it by entrepreneurship. Innovation deliveries new industries or get exist industries developed and both of those actions will lead economic to develop. The births of new industries encourage people with entrepreneurship to organize new economics. From the other direction, the development of economic absorbs new investments. Those investments include not only labour, land and capital, but also innovation which can improve the new good or service. The development in new industry can also offer money or other capital to encourage people with creativity to innovate. Innovation can be protected by entrepreneurship because it relies on innovation. As Thomson Edison* said, his inventions were from seeing a worthwhile need to be met and trailed after it until it came. So it can be seen as innovations are from solving problem and creativity. As an entrepreneur, spotting a problem and turn it into opportunity by creativity is called entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship sets innovation to processing first and then gets profits from economic development. As Bolton and Thompson (2000) has recognized, entrepreneurship is about change and innovation. So every entrepreneurs...
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...Philippines Keywords: ABSTRACT Mental Set Behavior It was hypothesized that mental set has an effect to the respondent’s behavior. There are two variables in the study, the mental set and behavior. Mental set is defined as the tendency to solve certain problems in a fixed way based on previous solutions to similar problems. Behavior is the response of an individual or group to an action, environment, person, or stimulus. The construct of a mental set in classroom management is quite similar to the construct of “mindfulness” in psychology. Langer explains that mindfulness involves a heightened sense of situational awareness and a conscious control over one's thoughts and behavior relative to that situation. http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/103027/chapters/Mental-Set.aspx Introduction Mental sets are subconscious tendencies to approach a problem in a particular way. It is a framework for thinking about a problem and can be shaped by habit, past experiences or by desire. Mental sets can make it easy to solve a class of problem, but attachment to the wrong mental set can inhibit problem-solving and creativity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(psychology) Mental Set has also been defined (Robert D. North et al) as a condition of readiness for some specific type of mental performance. It can be initiated either spontaneously or in response to someone’s command or request and may be temporary or may...
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...Crutcher Bill Schmelzle MGT/350 7/6/10 Melvin Jeppson Thinking Critically Simulation Review Problem solving tools and techniques As a group we decided on using a couple of problem-solving tools, brainstorming and cause and effect/fishbone method. The first step we did was to define some of the problems facing Credenhill’s. The biggest problems were; sales falling continuously for the past eight weeks, (especially in the high-end product categories), legal action notice from the city, regarding a disability access law, high competition with a new store a block away, and a loss of a manager and employees to the competition, $80,000 unsold inventory, problems with the Wide Area Network (WAN), and unhappy employees. We use the Man-Method-Material-Machine format to help us organize our brainstorming solutions into categories. [pic] We started using brainstorming, all ideas presented were discussed and considered. Ideas were then added them to the fishbone under the correct category. It helped for all of us to brainstorm, generating numerous ideas to help fix the problems. After we were done with our brainstorming of ideas, each team member presented their idea more thoroughly. A letter was assigned a letter to each idea on the diagram, and each group member was given a piece of paper. On the paper we categorized the problems, causes, and ideas to fix the problem, then we went around our group, totaling the values. The highest ranking value was declining sales...
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