...to keep our un-codified constitution is because our system can work well in any terms of crisis or emergencies. Such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks on america. When the 9/11 terrorist attacks happened in america on the 9th of september 2001 a law in the UK was passed against terrorists. The Crime & security act was passed in december of the same year. This act have the government the power to detain any suspected terrorist without trial for at least 28 days. This is one of the advantages of the un-codified constitution that we have in the UK, as this proves we can react fast enough to stop things from getting out of hand. In the USA and other european countries have had a much harder problem with terrorism as they have a fixed constitution. So changing laws takes a long time. Although this is an advantage, in other ways its a disadvantage. This act affects the effect & cross of human rights. With this you could cause distress and harm to a person who may not have convicted crime or any terrorist acts at all. If the UK was to change to a codified constitution it would include a statement of right in the UK. Which would be controlled domestically. Overall people are for keeping this law and why we should keep our constitution uncodifed. The quote of 'if it ain’t broken don’t fix it' comes into play when we describe our constitution here in the UK. Another reason for keeping our constitution un-codified is the executive power. Because the...
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...secured, they seized 138 cases, valued over $100 million, each filled with 5.7 tons of cocaine. The biggest shock was the paper trail they discovered involving the purchase of the jet by the cartel (Vulliamy, 2011). A 22 month investigation lead by the IRS, Drug Enforcement Administration, and others showed that cocaine smugglers purchased the jet using money laundered through a large US bank, Wachovia, now known as Wells Fargo. During the investigation, authorities discovered billions in cash shipments, wire transfers, and traveler’s checks that went into Wachovia accounts through Mexican exchanges. Upon this discovery, Wachovia was put under investigation for failure to sustain a successful anti-laundering program. A lot of concern was when it all began, which happened to coincide with the very first growth of violence on the US-Mexico border which provoked the drug war (Sullivan, Cromwell, King, & Spalding LLP,...
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...that Alpha Roofing can at least solve the mystery of where to find quality, affordable roofing services. Alpha provides an extensive range of services to businesses and homeowners in Granbury, including metal roof installations, flat roof replacements, asphalt shingle installations, roof repairs, siding installations, chimney repairs, maintenance plans, gutter installations, metal fabrication, hail/wind damage inspections and repairs, attic insulation and moss and debris removal. (-- removed HTML --) The History of Granbury (-- removed HTML --) The town of Granbury was little more than a log courthouse and a town square when it was founded. Land for the new town consisted of a 40-acre donation from brothers Jake and Jesse Nutt, early settlers who had arrived in the area in the late 1850s. Abel Landers, the Nutt's uncle, was the first elected county judge after Hood County was formed in 1866, and in a controversial affair, Landers overturned three elections for the selection of the county seat. After much political wrangling, the decision was made to build a new town — Granbury — to serve as the county seat. Many historians believe that Landers deliberately manipulated matters so that his nephews' land would increase in value as the county seat expanded and prospered....
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...Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers, with Visuals Rodney Howard Professor: Holly Sprinkle English Research and Writing September, 1st, 2015 Introduction There is a problem that exists with hung juries. It should be suggested that a supermajority be required to convict, and a mere majority be required to acquit. These reforms would effectively abolish the hung jury. We need to stop giving holdouts the power to prevent convictions and I feel that all jurors should not have to agree, only the majority. Presently, both acquittals and convictions must be unanimous in federal court and in forty-eight states. That's not fair to the defendant. He fails to get the benefit of a clear result that would allow repose, and he faces the risk of retrial, even if eleven jurors thought either that he was innocent, or that the government had failed to prove its case. (Ethan J. Leib 2006) A solution needs to be proposed to help in abolishing the hung jury. Overview of the problem Why juries hang at these rates isn’t clear. Some commentators claim that hung juries are the product of eccentric or nullifying holdout jurors. Most commentary focuses rather narrowly on the supposed failings of the individual members of a hanging jury, such as jurors’ inability to comprehend the evidence and the law, their unwillingness to follow the law, or their illegitimate refusal to reach a verdict. The experimental data recommend more complex and nuanced explanations. Based on their data, For...
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...01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Step 7 A Judge Is Assigned to Hear the Case ❖ 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 N 30 L In the previous two chapters, we learned about the two attorneys in the courtroom drama, the prosecutor and the defense attorney. In this chapter, we turn our attention to the third member of the courtroom work group, the judge. We will learn what judges do and how they become judges. Then, we will look at judges’ discretion and how it affects their relationships with others. INTRODUCTION Judges are by far the most easily recognized member of the courtroom work group, both by their conspicuous robes and by their prominent position in the courtroom. They are also the subject of many stereotypes because the public wants to believe that judges combine patience, wisdom, and compassion to arrive at fair decisions, while they eschew the character flaws that sometimes form the basis of decisions by others, including prejudice, intolerance, favoritism, and hostility. Unfortunately, judges are human and their decisions occasionally reflect such a reality. One West Virginia judge, for example, became so enraged at a defendant who began cursing at him in court that he jumped down from his bench, tore off his judicial robe, and bit the tip off the defendant’s nose (Smith, 1998). He served five days in jail on state assault...
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...A History of Enron Enron is an energy company based in Houston, Texas that deals with the energy trade on an international and domestic basis. It was formed in 1985 when Houston Natural Gas merged with InterNorth. After several years of international and domestic expansion involving complicated deals and contracts, Enron was billions of dollars into debt. All of this debt was concealed from shareholders through partnerships with other companies, fraudulent accounting, and illegal loans. Enron was created by a merge between Houston Natural Gas and Internorth. Houston's Natural Gas's CEO Kenneth Lay headed the merger of the two companies. Kenneth Lay became the CEO of Enron. Enron was originally solely involved with the distribution and transmission of electricity and gas in the United States. In the merger, Enron incurred a large amount of debt, and as a result of deregulation, no longer had exclusive rights to its pipelines. The company had to find a way to generate profits and cash flow. Kenneth Lay hired Jeffrey Skilling to work for Enron as an accountant. Skilling suggested the practice of buying gas from a network of suppliers and selling it to consumers at a fixed price with a contract. Enron was interested in the expansion, building, and operation of pipelines, power plants, and other infrastructure worldwide. After just a year of operation Enron merged with a company called Spectrum Seven, a company whose chairman and CEO is the former president of the United States...
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...LAWS OF KENYA The ConsTiTuTion of Kenya Revised Edition 2010 Published by the National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney General 2 Constitution of Kenya [Rev. 2010 THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA ARRANGEMENT OF ARTICLES PREAMBLE CHAPTER ONE—SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE AND SUPREMACY OF THIS CONSTITUTION 1—Sovereignty of the people. 2—Supremacy of this Constitution. 3—Defence of this Constitution. CHAPTER TWO—THE REPUBLIC 4—Declaration of the Republic. 5—Territory of Kenya. 6—Devolution and access to services. 7—National, official and other languages. 8—State and religion. 9—National symbols and national days. 10—National values and principles of governance. 11—Culture. CHAPTER THREE—CITIZENSHIP 12—Entitlements of citizens. 13—Retention and acquisition of citizenship. 14—Citizenship by birth. 15—Citizenship by registration. 16—Dual citizenship. 17—Revocation of citizenship. 18—Legislation on citizenship. CHAPTER FOUR—THE BILL OF RIGHTS Part 1—General Provisions relatinG to the Bill of riGhts 19—Rights and fundamental freedoms. 20—Application of Bill of Rights. 21—Implementation of rights and fundamental freedoms. 22—Enforcement of Bill of Rights. 23—Authority of courts to uphold and enforce the Bill of Rights. 24—Limitation of rights or fundamental freedoms. 25—Fundamental Rights and freedoms that may not be limited. Rev. 2010] Constitution of Kenya Part 2—riGhts and fundamental freedoms 3 26—Right to life. 27—Equality and freedom from discrimination...
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...Table of Contents · Introduction · Homosexual Marriages Should Have the Same Rights as Heterosexual Marriages. · Comparisons to Other Countries · Europe · Africa · Background · First Argument with Gay Marriage · Changes in the Ability to Get Married · Hate Crimes · Identification of Policy Alternatives · Legalizing Gay Marriage Amongst All States · Legalizing Gay Marriage Amongst All States, but Naming it “Civil Unions” · Legalizing Gay Marriage/Civil Unions Against Some States, Recognizing it in All · Recommendation · References INTRODUCTION: Same Sex Marriages Having Same Rights as Heterosexual Marriages Gay marriage has been an active debate amongst politicians, religious figures, and the public. The debate has spanned over a decade with little change for either side. The issue of gay marriage is not just about the name of what the union is called, but the right to be able to legally join as homosexual couples with the same rights as heterosexual couples. Reasons for someone to be in favor of this topic are that there should be a separation of religion and politics, it deprives homosexuals of their natural rights, and this issue has escalated to violent hate crimes towards homosexuals. As it stands, currently 9 million adults are homosexuals, representing 4 percent of the 18 and over population in the United States with no signs of diminishing. Public administrators have done little...
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...tensions and by an increasing lack of confidence, on the part of the population, in the institutions of State. Many people and groups see the prospect of a lessening of tensions, and the beginnings of a return to social harmony and economic progress, in Constitutional reform. In response to these pressures, the present government has appointed a commission to review the constitution, and the work of that commission is now open for public comment in a series of open meetings. Response to the official draft has been sporadic but largely negative. The best informed commentators have unanimously seen in it an increase in the power of the Executive, although excessive executive power without adequate checks and balances was said to be the major problem of the existing Constitution. Some human rights organisations have detected in it the beginning of sever erosion of fundamental rights. In addition, other groups, including one newly-formed national political party, have prepared their own drafts, and suggestions for reform of particular aspects have been bandied about for some years. All these proposals, however, are subject to the accusation of catering to the desires of particular groups. This is natural and not to be condemned. Politics is, precisely, the process of conciliation of diverse interests. Such conciliation, however, can only be successful if it takes place within a universally, or near-universally,...
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...WEEK 3 RESEARCH PROJECT (Set #1) ACCT 429 DeVry University IMPORTANT NOTE TO STUDENTS This assignment is being distributed solely for your use in completing the Week 3 project in DeVry University’s online Accounting 429 class. This assignment is an individual assignment, and you are to complete it without any outside assistance by any other student, individual, or outside materials, other than those specifically permitted by the problem. Any violations of these requirements will be addressed as an academic integrity violation. Similarly, this assignment may not be shared with any other student at any time, even after your completion of the course. Students to do so may be subject to sanctions pursuant to DeVry’s academic integrity policy, even though they may no longer be enrolled in Accounting 429. Week 3 Research Project (Set #1) DeVry University Acct 429 Performing tax research is an important part of tax practice. As outlined in Chapter 2 of your textbook, tax law is developed through a number of different governmental entities. Congress enacts the tax Code as statutory law. The Treasury Department is tasked with the implementation of the tax Code and, in the course of doing so, develops a number of documents and materials to aid taxpayers in understanding the Treasury Department's interpretation of the code, including the Regulations. In turn, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS”) has the direct responsibility for implementing the tax Code and in assessing and collecting...
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...Case Analysis Corwin Corporation Project Management Failure by Jane Mauret EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report has been prepared to examine the reasons why the Peters/Corwin project, instigated in late December 2011, was terminated during the testing phase by the client. This led to financial loss for Corwin and cessation of relations with Peters, an important customer.Corwin has long-standing internal protocols with regard to project selection around product-based initiatives from outside clients. However, in this instance, these measures were entirely overlooked. Thus, the project failed to meet the brief due to lack of proper management at the initiation and execution stages. This analysis points up three major areas of concern, namely: project selection (includes staff competencies); managerial support (includes organisational culture); and communication issues (for internal and external stakeholders). Out of the discussion, conclusions were drawn which then helped formulate practical recommendations to address issues raised now, and to ward off future repetition. 1. INTRODUCTION This report seeks to isolate the reasons why a recent collaboration with Peters Company (PC), a company with which Corwin Corporation (CC) had an established and healthy working relationship, floundered. Not only did CC lose out financially but its future potential revenues from Peters have been jeopardised. CC’s strong reputation has received negative publicity at a time of global recession...
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...Minister for Immigration 435 referred to and Multicultural Affairs v A [1999] FCA 1679; (1999) 91 FCR Migration Act 1958, ss45, 46 and 47 Migration Regulations, reg 2.07 Acts Interpretation Act 1901, s25C MINTU RAHADA SAMUEL MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS N11 of 2000 WILCOX J SYDNEY 20 JUNE 2000 IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY N11 of 2000 BETWEEN: MINTU RAHADA SAMUEL v MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/FCA/2000/854.html?stem=0&... 27/06/2014 Samuel v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 854 (20 June ... Page 2 of 8 AND: Applicant MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AFFAIRS Respondent WILCOX J 20 JUNE 2000 SYDNEY AND MULTICULTURAL JUDGE: DATE OF ORDER: WHERE MADE: THE COURT ORDERS THAT: 1. The application for review be allowed and the decision of the Refugee Review Tribunal be set aside. 2. The respondent, Minister for Immigration the applicant, Mintu Rahada Samuel . and Multicultural...
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... Date: 07.04.2014 Introduction The main inspiration for forming a corporation or company is the limited liability it offers to its shareholders. This policy allows the shareholders to lose only what he has contributed as shares to the corporate entity and nothing more. However, there is a major exception to the general concept of limited liability. There are certain circumstances in which courts will have to look through the corporation, that is, lift the veil of incorporation, and hold the shareholders of the company personally liable for the obligations of the corporation. The veil policy is raised when shareholders shape the distinction between the corporation andthe shareholders. It is an important aspect of the law that although it is a separate legal entity, a company or corporation can only act through human agents that it is comprised of.Under the company law or corporate law, a corporation is specifically referred to as a legal person who is a subject to rights and duties and is capable of owning real property, entering into contracts, and having the ability to sue and be sued in its own name. Also, if we want to state a corporation in different way then we can say that a corporation is a juristic person that in most cases is legally treated as a person, and empowered with the attributes to own its own property, execute contracts...
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...SCOPE OF GOVERNANCE A. Meaning of corporate governance According to Sir Adrian Cadbury, “Corporate Governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. The corporate governance framework is there to encourage the efficient use of resources and equally to require accountability for the stewardship of those resources. The aim is to align as nearly as possible the interests of individuals, corporations and society. Corporate governance is therefore about what the board of a company does and how it sets the values of the company, and is to be distinguished from the day to day operational management of the company by full-time executives. Corporate Governance is to conduct the business in accordance with owner or shareholders’ desires, which generally will be to maximize shareholders wealth, while conforming to the basic rules of the society embodied in law and local customs” ( laureate Milton friedman) According to OECD( organization for economic cooperation and development) Corporate Governance is a set of relationship between the company ‘s directors, its shareholders and other stakeholders. It also provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set and the means of obtaining those objectives and monitoring performance are determined. NOTE THAT: there is a difference between corporate governance and management, the latter refers to day-to-day running of a business , while the former refers to rules, regulations and best practices. The...
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...D21: Watertime case study – Grenoble, France Emanuele Lobina Senior Research Fellow, PSIRU, Business School, University of Greenwich e.lobina@gre.ac.uk 10th March 2006 One of 29 WaterTime case studies on decision-making on water systems www.watertime.net Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 1 Introduction 4 2 City background 4 3 Water and wastewater undertaking 4 3.1 Background 4 3.2 Water and wastewater undertaking profile 4 3.3 Region profile 5 3.4 Performance indicators 6 4 Actors in water and wastewater services provision and production 6 5 Episodes 7 5.1 Award of lease contract to COGESE, 1989-1996 7 5.1.1 The impact of fiscal considerations prior to the award of the contracts: transfer of funds to the municipal budget and underinvestment 7 5.1.2 Inducements to award the lease contracts: corruption and fiscal considerations 8 5.1.3 Performance of the private operator and interest-seeking behaviour 9 5.2 Decision to renegotiate the water supply and sewerage lease contracts: 1995-2000 12 5.2.1 The renegotiated contracts in operation: still disadvantageous 14 5.3 Decision to remunicipalise water supply and sewerage operations: 2000 to date 17 5.3.1 Administrative court rulings: 1989-1999 17 5.3.2 Debate on and assessment of alternative options to semi-privatised contracts: 1998-2000 17 5.3.3 Assessment of alternative...
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