...developing country, the problems associated with solid waste management are more acute than in a developed country. Lack of financial resources and infrastructure to deal with solid waste creates a vicious cycle; lack of resources leads to low quality of service provision which leads to fewer people willing to pay for said services, which in turn further erodes the resource base and so on. The problem is further complicated by rapid growth in population and urbanization, which adds greatly to the volume of waste being generated and to the demand for waste retrieval service in municipal areas. However, more often than not, an increase in population is not matched with an equal increase in revenue for the local municipalities for waste management. Besides this, rapid urbanization means rapid growth of shanty dwelling units that are largely unplanned for, and add to the waste, health, and hygiene problems. Another significant factor that contributes to the problem of solid wastes in a developing country scenario is the lack of proper collection and transportation facilities. Improper planning coupled with rapid growth of population and urbanization serves to add congestion in streets, and as a result the waste collection vehicles cannot reach such places, thus allowing filth to build up over time. Lack of monetary resources, at times, results in improper or no transportation vehicles for waste disposal adding another dimension to the ever rising cycle of problems. In any developing country...
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...IMPROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY AT BARANGAY 19, SAMPAGUITA STREET BATANGAS CITY Introduction Solid Waste Management refers to the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved. The primary sources of solid waste include waste generated in residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. Certain types of wastes that cause immediate danger to exposed individuals or environments are classified as hazardous; these are discussed in the article hazardous-waste management. All nonhazardous solid waste from a community that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site is called refuse or municipal solid waste (MSW). Refuse includes garbage and rubbish. Garbage is mostly decomposable food waste; rubbish is mostly dry material such as glass, paper, cloth, or wood. Garbage is highly putrescible or decomposable, whereas rubbish is not. Trash is rubbish that includes bulky items such as old refrigerators, couches, or large tree stumps....
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...Solid waste management is an emerging issue as the world’s municipalities become increasingly affected by the huge generation of waste. According to the UNEP (2010), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated worldwide an estimated 1.7 – 1.9 billion metric tons of waste. Rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development are responsible for increased volumes of municipal solid waste. As a result, municipalities - typically the level of government responsible for waste management in cities - must provide effective and efficient solid waste services to their inhabitants. They often face problems beyond the ability of municipal authorities to tackle the problem (Sujauddin et al, 2008). This has been attributed to a lack of organization,...
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...PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The Philippines generates about 10,000 million tons of solid waste per year and only 12 percent of the waste is recycled and re-used. The single most dominant issue for solid waste management (SWM) is the inadequacy of disposal facilities. Presently, open dumping is still the most common waste disposal method as controlled dumpsites and sanitary landfills (SLFs) are very limited. The opportunities presented by this serious environmental problem to suppliers of solid waste management products and equipment are enormous. The potential, however, is tempered by inadequate funds and technical capability, lack of political will and other problems. Despite the limitations, the market for SWM is still expected to grow five percent in the next three years. The major end-users of SWM products and equipment are the local government units and their private contractors as well as private proponents of SWM projects. The equipment cost and the source of project funding are major purchase considerations of end-users. Overview Solid waste is an environmental problem that has reached critical proportions in the Philippines. Due to a growing population, rapidly increasing consumption and increasing urbanization, waste generated in the Philippines is estimated at 19,700 tons per day. Projections show that waste generation will increase 47 percent by 2010, or 28,875 tons per day. SWM is the responsibility of local government units...
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...While looking over the case for Waste Management, Inc. I realized that there are two main issues with their current situation. The first thing that I noticed is that the external environment for which Waste Management, Inc. operates in is changing drastically and in many ways. The other thing I saw is that the internal environment of the company is not adapting at all to the changes in the external environment, and that is where the company’s problem lies. Waste Management, Inc. needs to use environmental scanning to its advantage, rather than seeing the problems and doing nothing to fix them. Had Waste Management, Inc. used some sort of environmental scanning to look into the current and future state of their business, they may have noticed some major problems in the environments they were dealing with. In the internal environment the biggest issues are with the Executive Board, the company’s employees, and the company culture. As mentioned in the article the CEO is really trying to listen to suggestions in order to help the company succeed long term, but the rest of the executive team is weary of changes and believes that what they are doing is the right way to run the business. This thought process trickles down from the leaders to all of the other employees and therefore shapes the culture of the company. According to the article, the culture of Waste Management, Inc. is based around the idea that burying waste is the only way to handle it and the company has built its entire...
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...OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, IKERE – EKITI, EKITI STATE, SOUTH WEST NIGERIA BY IKUDAYISI, Akinola Mayowa Lecturer II, Technical Education Department, College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti ikmayor@yahoo.com +2348035630740 AND BELLO, Rufus Oluwatayo Principal Lecturer, Technical Education Department, College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti Rufusoluwatayobello@gmail.com +2348038814108 ABSTRACT This paper assesses the problem of solid waste management at College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti located in South West Nigeria as an institution. Since solid waste is being generated in the school, it is imperative to make sure they are properly handled in the specified way. Solid waste management is defined as the branch of Solid Waste Engineering associated with waste control of generation, storage, collection and transfer, transportation, processing and disposal of solid waste in a manner that is in accordance with the best principle of Public Health Economics, Engineering Conservation, aesthetics and other environmental consideration. The various problems facing the management of these solid wastes in the College were discussed and appropriate solutions were suggested. INTRODUCTION Waste according to Fantola (1997) can be defined as any material flow pattern that is rejected by the society. Waste according to their state can be either solid or liquid. This paper seems to concentrate on the management of solid waste alone. ...
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...INTRODUCTION 1.1 General For the sustainable development of the society it is very important to judiciously handle the environmental issues like the solid waste management. In order to manage the solid waste effectively we need to understand the composition and all the activities that follow once the waste is generated. Basically the composition and the characteristics of the waste depends a whole lot of factors and also vary periodically. Different approaches can be employed for the management of the solid waste, depending upon the factors such as the varying composition and quantity. The management of solid waste becomes further more necessary with the increasing pollution due to the solid waste and the out coming consequences...
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...Discuss the problem associated with disposing of large amount of waste, then identify different ways to reducing the amount of waste people produce. By Latchaya Paknam Earth is confronting with many environmental crises, for instance global warming, overpopulation, resources depletion, energy and pollution. Luis F. diaz (2011) points out “These crises are interrelated and connected to waste and waste management”. World bank (2012) states that “Currently, world cities generate about 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year. This volume is expected to increase to 2.2 billion tonnes by 2025.” Large amount of waste generated leads to serious problems. The world immediately needs effective sustainable methods to tackle this problem for our next generation. Firstly, this essay will examine 3main impacts of waste disposal and then will provide effective solutions based on this examine. Waste is not always a broken or expiration but waste is unwanted or un-useful material that human throws away. Waste disposal causes enormous environmental impacts. The first impact is Environmental impact. Waste creation drains a large number of natural resources. Giljum et al.,(2008),cited in Zaman, Lehmann 2013,p.124) state that a great deal of natural resources are consumed daily. 120-130 billion tonnes of those raw materials are used for news products and generate approximately 3.4 to billion tonnes of municipal solid waste every year. Energy is one of the resources significantly...
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...articles have been presented by several experts on the problems of e-waste and their management. Some experts argue that the root cause of concern for human health and the Environment is not because of the chemical and components used rather it is the severe mismanagement of e-waste in several developing countries. Others turn the attentions to the fact that the United States and European countries have no laws prohibiting the export of toxic waste. Rapid technology change, low initial cost, and even planned obsolescence have resulted in the fastest growth of the electrical and electronic equipment products and simultaneously resulted in the rapid development of e-waste around the globe due to enhanced rate of discarding the products after their end-of-life (EOL). (Bandyopadhyay). However, it is also worthwhile noting that in contrast, Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) can offer a tremendous business opportunity if it would be treated in proper manner. Such is the emerging technology that support of the green computing and building our recycling infrastructure which is said to be woefully inadequate. Whichever ways these environmental issues are viewed, it is obvious in my opinion that the Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) is problematic because of the vast array of chemicals and components used to manufacture EEE. The decision by all the stakeholders to act on mitigation of these problems is vital. This is a global issue accompanied by major...
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...READINESS AND EXTENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF MATINA PANGI AND MAA COMMUNITIES: BASIS FOR ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM By: Melissa C. Napil ABSTRACT Solid waste management is a factor of sustainable environmental development. However, many countries including the Philippines still consider solid waste management a problem. Hence, this study was conducted to determine if readiness significantly influence the extent of implementation of solid waste management in two communities namely, Matina Pangi and Maa, Davao City. The study revealed that the two communities are very much ready in terms of implementing solid waste management, and their extent of implementation of solid waste management was high. It was found that there was no significant difference on level of readiness and extent of implementation of solid waste management between the two communities. Finally, the influence of readiness on extent of implementation of solid waste was found significant. Key words – Solid Waste Management, Readiness and Extent of Implementation of Solid Waste Management INTRODUCTION There is increasing evidence that community-based approaches to waste management, than top-down program created by bureaucrats, can promote a more sustainable development. The UNESCO Resource book on Environmental Education (1995) as cited by Santiago, et al, (1998) stressed that community readiness and participation are powerful strategies in attaining sustainable environmental...
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...store societies waste. Our globe only has a set amount of available space to set aside for the disposal of our waste. Since this is the case, it is not only our government’s problem but the problem of all human beings. In collaboration with our legislature, citizens can help in the safe and proper disposal of trash. Lynn Landers nailed the problem on the head when he said, “It's as if Detroit built cars, but the government wouldn't build any roads or pass any traffic laws. That's the current state of waste management in the United States - no federal infrastructure and no federal standards. No wonder recycling can't "compete" with waste disposal.” Without a governmental program enacted nation wide, our country will eventually suffer from the pollutants and toxins being released from landfills. Our nation’s policy on waste management is the “free market” at its worst. According to Landers, recycling efforts face three large problems in the US: no effective federal plan, foreign waste imports and domestic waste exports, and over-population. In our country right now, no plan is in effect to help benefit society by recycling. In 1976 congress passed the Solid Waste Disposal Act, but with no state support and no action from the EPA the plan died off. According to Biocycle Magazine, the US has imported nearly 48 million tons more than it has exported since 1997. With that trend, in 30 years we will have accumulated 144 million tons of waste from outside of...
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...Huge Difference between amount of food waste produced and amount recycled: % of recycled food waste: <1% From the view of restaurant and Property management company of housing estate: * High Cost of handling food waste Extra operational costs to hire company for classification of waste, and transportation of waste to waste management company * Difficulties in handling the waste Storage problem: Bad and stinky smell due to decay of food. Special container and good ventilation system can solve this problem, but those items are self financed which increases the restaurants' operational costs. Timing for collection: Food waste is only collected by recycling company in specific dates and time, implying that restaurant bear the responsibility to for storage of the food waste. It occupies space, hinder normal business operations and create hygienic problem. Transportation problem: Special Container and bad odor problem mentioned above, besides, if trucks are rented, it may involve hygienic problem and clean-up fee because of the bad odor remained in the trucks. Also, as water occupies about 80%1 of food waste, heavy weight becomes a booster for transportation cost. * Economies of Scale The cost for waste management company follows the economies of scale, which greater recycling amount implies a cheaper handling cost per unit. Under the circumstances of insufficient amount of food waste supplied, operation cost increase which leads to lower of profitability...
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...SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR SMALL HOTELS JESSICA MOULD OKANAGAN COLLEGE Introduction Tourism is “one of the world’s fastest-growing industries”; as of 2012, “global tourism accounts for 1.2 trillion dollars (USD) in exports annually, 9% of worldwide GDP and is responsible for one out of every 12 jobs” [ (Canadian Tourism Commission, 2013) ]. Ninety percent of hotels worldwide are small hotels, e.g. hotels with less than 50 rooms (Radwan et al., 2010, p. 179). This essay addresses the problems associated with solid waste produced by the hotel industry including the difficulties faced by small hotels in managing their solid waste and ultimately describes benefits and solutions for sustainable waste management by small hotels. Waste minimizatioin is priority area 1 on Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry [ (Stipanuk, 2006, p. 89) ]. The objective of priority area 1 is “to minimize resource inputs, maximize product quality, and minimize waste outputs” [ (Stipanuk, 2006, p. 89) ]. Waste is defined as “unused material produced as a result of inefficient production and/or consumption practices” that “puts economic and environmental costs on society through its collection, treatment and disposal” (Radwan et al., 2012, p. 535). “Waste can be regarded as a human concept as there appears to be no such thing as waste in nature” where “waste products created by a natural process or organism quickly become the raw products used by other processes and organisms”(Full Cycle...
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...DECLARATION The group hereby declares that except for references to other people’s work, which has been acknowledged, this dissertation is the outcome of our own independent investigation under the supervision of Mr. Sumani John Bosco. NAME ID SIGNATURE GYAMFI KINGSLEY KWAKU IDS/3498/06 ………………………….. JEBUNI BERNARD IDS/3548/06 …………………………. SALIA ELIZABETH ZENABU IDS/3794/06 ………………………… YANGFO JACOB IDS/3902/06 ………………………… ZIEM ABRAHAM IDS/3934/06 ………………………… …………………………… Mr. Sumani John Bosco (Supervisor) Date…………………….. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the parents and relatives of the group members for their love, care, prayers and support. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The group wishes to render its first thanks to the Almighty God without whose divine intervention the work would not have been possible. We also acknowledge the immense contribution of the chiefs, elders and people of Zanko and Sokpayiri communities who contributed in diverse ways to making our research a successful one. The group also...
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...DEVELOPING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN TRAINING MANUAL Volume 4: ISWM Plan U N I T E D N AT I O N S E N V I R O N M E N T P R O G R A M M E Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme, 2009 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Developing Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan Training Manual Volume 4 ISWM Plan Compiled by United Nations Environmental Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics International Environmental...
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