...we use to define a process is that a process is a program in execution. In more detailed version we can say that a process is a sequence of interdependent and linked procedures which at every stage consumes one or more than one resources to convert inputs into outputs. These outputs then serves as an input for the next stage until a known goal or an end result is achieved. A process in execution needs resources like processing resources, memory, input output resources. Today’s machines do allow several processes to share resources. Basically, one processor is shared among various processes. A process is like a program code which is known as text section. It includes current activity represented by the value of the program counter and the contents of processor’s register. A process also includes the process stack which contains temporary data that includes local variables and a data section which includes global variable. A process also may include a heap that is a memory dynamically allocated during the running time of a process. The main difference between a program and a process is that a program is a passive entity such as a file contains a list of instructions stored in a disk. Whereas a process is an active entity with a program counter specifies the next instruction to be executed and the set of resources associated with it. A particular program becomes a process when an executable...
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...1. (1)Process is a run activity on the set of data in the computer program. It is a basic unit for system to allocate and schedule and the foundation of operation system architecture. (2)Process is a data structure to represent the inherent laws of dynamic system clearly and manage and schedule the run of program efficiently in the main memory of computer system. 2. (1)Thread is the minimum unit to operate and schedule in the operation system and it is the actual execution unit in the process. (2)Thread manage the file and control the communication in servers and deal with foreground and background program asynchronously. 3. The difference between process and thread are as follows: (1) The address space and other resources of different processes are independent, however, different threads share the resources in a process. (2) Process communicate with other processes under IPC, however, threads can read and write the data segment in process to communicate with each other. (3) The switch of context in thread is much faster than that in process. (4) Process is not a executable entity in a multithreaded operation system, but thread is. 4. Benefits: (1) It is easier to schedule and manage with process and thread. (2) It can be easy and efficient to achieve concurrency through threads. Process can create multiple threads to execute different parts of the same program. (3)It can develop the function of multi-processors fully and enable the concurrency of programs through...
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...PROCESS MANAGEMENT b.1) Multitasking is when there is two or more programs running at the same time and both are working. The processor will allocate some resources to each program. The processor switching back and forth between tasks so quickly that might look like the processor doing the two things at once. It is also means performing more than one process on a single CPU. Multiple processes are queued and wait for their turn to be executed on CPU, but it appears as if they are running in parallel. Each process provides the resources needed to execute a program and at least one thread of execution. A thread is entity within a process that can be scheduled for execution. Windows are supporting preemptive multitasking which creates the effect of simultaneous execution of multiple threads from multiple processes. To allow groups of processes to be managed as a unit, the job object is being used. The job objects are namable, securable, sharable objects that control attributes of the processes associated with them. A multithreaded process can manage mutually exclusive tasks with threads, such as providing a user interface and performing background calculations. Creating a multithreaded process can also be a convenient way to structure a program that performs several similar or identical tasks concurrently. For example, a named pipe server can create a thread for each client process that attaches to the pipe. This thread manages the communication between the server and the client...
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...Due Process Crystal Groff Strayer University Professor Freeman Abstract We all wonder what the words life, liberty, and property derived from. In this paper I will be explaining what due process is and how it relates to life, liberty, and property. I will also explain where due process came from and what 2 amendments relate to due process. Before we start though I would like you to know that due process is there to protect the defendant under proving guilty. Define due process and its origin? Due process refers to a set of established legal principles, derived from the Constitution, that seek to protect the rights if citizens. It is done to insure that the government treats all the individuals properly and does not abuse there power by acting against the citizens in an arbitrary, oppressive, or capricious manner (WiseGeek, 2003). The most important fundamental level, is that it prohibits the government from taking any action against the individual that would result in the loss of liberty or property, without first making sure the individual notice of pending action, and has the opportunity to be heard. In every case, before the final decision can be made, the government has to provide the individual, through judicial or administrative procedures that are fair to the individual and impractical, and the ability to challenge the state action. The more serve the case of deprivation of liberty, the more rigorous the due process procedures afforded must be (WiseGeek...
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...The Writing Process Whether you know it or not, there’s a process to writing – which many writers follow naturally. If you’re just getting started as a writer, though, or if you always find it a struggle to produce an essay, short story or blog, following the writing process will help. I’m going to explain what each stage of the writing process involves, and I’ll offer some tips for each section that will help out if you’re still feeling stuck! 1. Prewriting Have you ever sat staring at a blank piece of paper or a blank document on your computer screen? You might have skipped the vital first stage of the writing process: prewriting. This covers everything you do before starting your rough draft. As a minimum, prewriting means coming up with an idea! Ideas and Inspiration Ideas are all around you. If you want to write but you don’t have any ideas, try: * Using a writing prompt to get you started. * Writing about incidents from your daily life, or childhood. * Keeping a notebook of ideas – jotting down those thoughts that occur throughout the day. * Creating a vivid character, and then writing about him/her. See also How to Generate Hundreds of Writing Ideas. Tip: Once you have an idea, you need to expand on it. Don’t make the mistake of jumping straight into your writing – you’ll end up with a badly structured piece. Building on Your Idea These are a couple of popular methods you can use to add flesh to the bones of your idea: * Free writing: Open...
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...EXERCISES 2.7. Explain the importance of tollgates in the DMAIC process. At a tollgate, a project team presents its work to managers and “owners” of the process. In a six-sigma organization, the tollgate participants also would include the project champion, master black belts, and other black belts not working directly on the project. Tollgates are where the project is reviewed to ensure that it is on track and they provide a continuing opportunity to evaluate whether the team can successfully complete the project on schedule. Tollgates also present an opportunity to provide guidance regarding the use of specific technical tools and other information about the problem. Organization problems and other barriers to success—and strategies for dealing with them—also often are identified during tollgate reviews. Tollgates are critical to the overall problem-solving process; It is important that these reviews be conducted very soon after the team completes each step. 2.11. Suppose that your business is operating at the three-sigma quality level. If projects have an average improvement rate of 50% annually, how many years will it take to achieve Six Sigma quality? 3.4 66,810 1 0.5 3.4 / 66,810 0.5 x ln 3.4 / 66,810 x ln 0.5 x ln 3.4 / 66,810 ln 0.5 14.26 years 14 years, 3 months x Page 51 2.12. Suppose that your business is operating at the 5-sigma quality level. If projects have an average improvement rate of 50% annually, how many years will it take...
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...The Writing Process The five steps of the writing process are; Pre-writing or think which is deciding on a good topic to write about, consider who your audience will be, and do the proper research beforehand. The next is Drafting or write. This is to put the topic into your own words, write all or most of the paragraphs even though they might not be perfect, and get it proofread for suggestions to help make it better. The third step is Revising or making it better. With this you read and re-read what you have written, you take into account what opinions or criticism you may have received, and remove or add parts as needed. The fourth step is Proofreading or making it correct. In this step you do all of the proofreading and making sure your sentences are complete, spell checking, changing words that aren’t used correctly, and recopying it nice and neat like. The last step is Publishing or sharing the finished product. This step you can read what you have written aloud to a group, create a book of the work, illustrate or perform you work into music form, and maybe even put your work on display. These steps are in this order for a reason so we as students can get the best grade possible by following them. If we would just skip all the steps and just go straight to publishing there could be all sorts of errors like spelling and incorrect grammar. There would be a lot of bad grades in the future of students if these steps were not followed. For the final assignment I have chosen...
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...Heather King Professor Gardner ENG 101 24 April 2014 Process of Writing Looking back to when I learned how to write, so much has changed. How I read a piece of writing, to how I set up my own writing. Writing is a very beautiful thing and amazing way to express yourself. My favorite type of writing would be freestyle, mainly because I express my feelings the best this way. I learn something different each year while taking English. English is a very important subject to be educated in. Taking English 101 is my first English college class. I love it, I have already learned so much in the past couple weeks. Writing has a very structural process. I’ve learned that it is very easy to get lost in your words, while writing a piece. I have been told by my peers and also my professor to add more detail. I try to emphasize to the best of my abilities. I can already tell I’m having an easier time starting off my papers. I’ve never really been a strong writer and I hope to improve that in this class. I have learned that hooking the reader and keeping them hooked is the hardest thing. Different readers have different interested so you have to be proficient on the topic. I have learned a lot just by reading flowers passage. I am glad I read her entry on “writing for an audience”. I learned a lot reading this. She does a really well way of explaining how to connect with the reader. Knowledge, needs and attitude are the most important details when writing a piece...
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...Due Process Paper Due Process Paper Due process A New York State Supreme Court Justice traces the constitutional concept of due process to the English concept of "the law of the land" (W. McKechnie, 1914). Due process, is a judicial requirement stating that enacted laws may not contain provisions that result in the unfair, arbitrary, or unreasonable treatment of an individual (Merriam-Webster). Due process of law is based on the idea that legal proceedings cannot interfere with life, liberty, or property unfairly. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantee that one will be given notice of the proceedings and will have an opportunity to be heard prior to the seizure of life, liberty, or property.” Due process is the principle that the government must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person according to the law. Due process holds the government subservient to the law of the land protecting individual persons from the state” (Wikipedia 2009). When a person gets harm by the government, the government has to follow the exact course of the law and if the government doesn’t follow, it will constitutes a due process violation that offends against the rule of law. Due process is traditionally divided into substantive and procedural categories. Substantive due process relates to general rights such as freedom of speech and privacy. Procedural due process relates to the right to an attorney, and other specifics associated with the procedures of legal proceedings...
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...The Writing Process COM/150 Shelly Karl The writing process I have read about in class this week most certainly differs from the way I have written in the past. After reading “The Writing Process”, I have realized how many errors I have made and why it has been hard for me to write my thoughts and ideas down clear and concisely. In the past, I have read assignments and written down my thoughts but without a plan of action or a smooth transition. I often get jumbled and jump from one idea to the next. I have had a hard time to make sure I get all my points across and sometimes I even have an issue with contradicting myself. I sometimes have so many ideas and if not written down the correct way, it can confuse the reader. I believe the easiest step for me in “The Writing Process” is the “Pre-writing” step. In that step I can jot down the things I am thinking without having to have a format and correct grammar. These things are sometimes the hardest for me. Even at my age I sometimes struggle with where to put a comma and where to put a semi-colon. I do not believe I was taught properly while in grade school. The simple foundations of writing have clearly escaped me at some point and I have noticed for a long time that I have issues in making a clear point and transition. I believe outlining for me is going to be the hardest part. Being able to take my research, thoughts and ideas and put them in to a correct format is difficult. I mentioned above that I...
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...The Writing Process Step by Step Have you ever felt like writing an essay just wasn’t for you? Well, you were wrong!! Here are 4 easy steps to writing an essay: 1. Prewriting 2. Outlining the structure of ideas 3. Write a rough draft 4. Revising and rough draft Step 1: Prewriting Prewriting is the way to get your ideas out of your head and on to the paper. Starting with your topic. Ways to find your topic • Using experience and observation Use your past experience to find a topic. The more you know about the topic the easier it is to write about the topic. • Reading Use reading as a tool. This is a way to get different viewpoints to use when discovering a topic. • Brainstorming and Free writing This exercise is used to help you write freely about your topic. Write down whatever comes to mind about a topic. During this exercise there is no need to worry about grammar or punctuation. You will be the only one to see it. • Ask questions When discovering your topic, it is important to ask questions such as: • Who or what will I be writing about? • Why did I pick this topic? • How will I approach my audience? Any of these steps can be used to find a topic. Step 2: Outlining the structure of ideas The outline helps you to organize and arrange different part of the subject. Start with a general idea and support it with specific examples. All outlines should begin with a Thesis Statement...
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...control is needed. ‘Control is initiated when there are unwanted deviations in a system or when performance needs to be corrected, the literature does not directly address the conditions that favor the initiation of control.’ (Green & Welsh, 1988, p.292) Control not only is an after-the-fact process; it also is a preventive measures. Williams &McWilliams (2009) have stated that, control is a managing process of building a standard to achieve objective, collating actual with standards performance and adopting corrective actions when necessary. An achievement of control is when behavior and work procedures accord to standards and accomplishment of company goals. The basic control process is categorizing into four steps. The first step is establishing a clear standard. In the process of business, in order to measure the extent to which organizational performance is satisfactory or not, standard is a basic of comparison. A good standard, it must enable goal achievement, listen to customers’ comments, suggestion and complaints and benchmarking other companies. Steingraber (1990) stated that different people usually assume the planning and control responsibility, so the importance of the control process is to establish the standards. The second step is comparing actual performance to performance standards. Comparisons of actual performance with the standards performance are very important. Retailers are pretending to be customers as a ‘secret shopper’ to determine whether employees provide...
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...Bottlenecks in a Process University of Phoenix OPS/571 Operations Management November 12, 2012 Bottlenecks in a Process High process performance is often the main focus for any organization. Therefore, individuals continually search for ways to improve their processes and increase their efficiency. Those wishing to improve the efficiencies of these processes must identify and eliminate the activities that prevent the process from moving at a steady pace. The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the process of maintaining a timely bedtime. This paper will identify and discuss the main bottlenecks within the process. This paper will also apply Goldratt’s theory of constraints to help identify and overcome the process’ bottlenecks. The Process As identified in week one, the author wanted to find a way to achieve and maintain a timely bedtime on weekdays. The author created a flowchart to identify the activities within the process and collected data indicating the time spent performing those activities. Traveling home from work, preparing dinner, helping her daughter with homework, and cleaning the kitchen are among those activities. Other activities were participating in social networking and preparing for the next work day. Several factors affected these activities such as the travel method, the time spent on social network, and the need to defrost meat products for dinner. These factors...
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...The Writing Process This week, I have chosen option 1: Strategies for Becoming an Effective Academic Writer. After reading the writing process in this week's reading material, I have discovered that my actual writing process is much different. My personality is such that I rush and jump straight into whatever assignment or task I am given. I would normally, if research was needed for the assignment, just go straight into the research and gather the general basic information that I needed to complete the assignment. Once I read the information for this week, I found that the initial step I should take was to think of the audience I was writing for. I need to make the topic interesting for those individuals and ensure I stay on topic and not broad. By staying on topic and writing to the right audience it will make my paper more objective and interesting. One of the most important parts of writing a paper is to organize your paper. By organizing you would prewriting, drafting, revising and editing. If a writing does all these things, the paper will be organized, stay on topic and be interesting. When looking at the writing process, I find that the prewriting is the most easiest to do. I love to research and depending on the topic, really enjoy it. The most difficult part of writing is the wrap up part. I just never seem to know when to stop. In the future, I plan to overcome the wrap up difficulty by following the writing process as it is meant to...
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...The writing process is a systematic process wherein a step-by-step procedure is followed to attain a desirable and effective output, it doesn't necessarily mean that it should be followed in the most accurate manner since each one has their own way of expressing their thoughts about a certain topic through their own way of writing. For the beginners, here are the five ways on how to develop an effective writing piece: 1.) PREWRITING This is the part where brainstorming happens in order to formulate ideas. Story webs, charts, and graphic organizers are usually used to aid in developing a word list, determining the type of writing, and knowing the purpose for writing. First, we look for ideas around us or even to whatever things that come out in our minds. Then, we construct those ideas by freewriting. In freewriting, we let the ideas flow freely and jut them down without minding the mistakes. Finally, we plan and organize whatever we have written and choose among those ideas which we think might be helpful in our piece. 2.) WRITING/DRAFTING This is now the most messy area yet the start of our writing piece. Since we now have an idea or topic, we now write all our ideas in relation to the topic without minding the errors like grammar, punctuations, and the like. It is also similar with the freewriting mentioned previously where we just let ideas flow freely. The purpose of this is to focus ourselves to our ideas and neglecting any distractions. 3.) REVISING AND EDITING ...
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