...Medical Ethics PHL 399 Summary # 3 Jeannie Taylor The topics encountered for this week’s readings involved stem cells, cloning of animals, the debate of human cloning, and gene therapy. Some terms that were new to me included: nascent, which basically means to be born; hubris which means full of pride; meliorist, which is a human’s effect on societal improvement; and the term despotism, meaning complete power or authority. In the reading on the President’s Council on Bioethics the council agreed that reproductive cloning was unacceptable. However it was not unanimous on therapeutic cloning. Majority of the council recommended a four year moratorium on research cloning and the remaining members recommended regulations of cloned embryos in research. A moral case for cloning for biomedical research is to provide possibilities of treating diseases. Research is limited to fourteen day old embryos that would be created to provide a good service for life and medicine. A moral case against cloning refers to embryos being treated as raw material solely to fulfill our own needs. There is also great concern of possibly causing harm to society by crossing reproduction margins and/or ruin to nascent human life. The four year moratorium hopes to provide some firm policies on cloning and allow time for a well researched and judicious decision to be attained. The central moral issue from the case of Dolly, the cloned sheep, is whether it is morally acceptable to clone...
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...Kenny Malki Biology March 22, 2010 Why Sex Sex plays an extremely intricate part in the past, present and future. Dating back to millions of years ago procreation has been a staple in the evolution of both human as well as non-human life. With-out procreation seemingly all things would not exist. Thinking back millions of years ago, it has been said that humans have evolved from animals. These animals did not just spring and grow from the ground like a weed. Rather they procreated; engaging in sexual intercourse and ultimately creating a new life. Since all things eventually come full circle, through procreation we humans have developed into what we are today. Forever keeping in mind that even today and for all eternity we humans will always be evolving. Depending on where in the world a person is an inhabitant from they will ultimately have physical character traits which distinguish them from aliens of that nation. This can easily be seen if one were to look at pictures of different people from different nations. Some examples of this might be hair color, eye color, bone structure, stature, skin color and the list rolls on. Putting the historical aspect of sex aside, sex makes the world go around. Sex is driven by the media and the media drives sex to the heights in which instill its power. People dress sexy, can be said to have sex appeal, are sexist, stereotypes though sex and gender, etc. Point blank sex drives people to strive to make more money, hold more power...
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...category the family performs the following function: (1) Stable Satisfaction of Sex need: This is the Primary and essential function of family. Sex instinct is the natural urge of human being. The satisfaction of this need requires that both male and female should live together as life partners. It is the family where the husband and wife can satisfy their sex instincts easily and comfortably. Without family the satisfaction of sex need is almost socially quite impossible. A family not only satisfies but also provides the appropriate mechanism through marriage to regulate sexual behavior of husband and wife. (2) Reproduction or procreation: Reproduction or procreation is another essential function of family. The family along with regulating the sexual behavior in relation to the satisfaction of sexual needs secures a legitimate basis for procreation. Since the inception of family, it has been performing this fundamental function. This function of family contributes to the continuity of family and ultimately perpetuates the human race as a whole. (3) Protection and care of the young: Protection and care of the children is another essential function of family. It is regarded as an institution par excellence for the production and rearing of children. It is true that no other institution can take required care of the child like family. The child at birth is complete helpless and cannot survive at all without the help of the family. It is the family which provides care, protection...
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...peaceful and harmonious relationship confers intellectual, sexual, social and emotional stability to one another. A member of the family can readily rely on the other member in terms of emotional, intellectual, social and sexual relationship. As a result, the individual family is a reflection of the society that mainly depends on the stability of the family for its existence (Brighouse & Swift, 2014). Secondly, the word family stands out to be my favorite word because it upholds the continuity of humanity. The family acts as the basic unit that dictates the continuity of the human race. A failure to sustain the family practice risks the continued existence of the human race. Human procreation can only occur under the confinements of a relationship between a husband and wife. The society upholds procreation under the confinements of the family as the excellent way...
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...• Sexual Perversion OR “Unnatural” Sexual Activity I.Introduction Sexual perversions are conditions in which sexual excitement or orgasm is associated with acts on imagery that are considered unusual with culture. In psychology, sexual perversion usually refers to the practice of sex that is beyond normally. Sexual perversion often as is as difficult to define pornography. Some people think that any sexual activity other than sexual intercourse between a man and a woman in the traditional “missionary” position described earlier is perverted or unnatural. Others feel that any type of regular sexual intercourse between a man and a woman, but nothing else, is all right, and still others allow that “anything goes” as long a pleasure is given. Although it refers to a variety of forms of deviation, it is most often used to describe sexual behaviors that are considered particularly abnormal, repulsive, and obsessive. Many recognizes perversion and deviant behavior as the same, however they differ in that the latter cover areas of behavior (such as petty crime) for which “perversion” can be misunderstood for that term. There were many that were considered; dilatory and in psychology literature, the term paraphilia has been used as replacement, though the term is “controversial”. The neutral term paraphilia, derived from Greek roots meaning “alongside of” and “love” is used to describe what used to be called sexual perversions. A paraphilia is...
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...category the family performs the following function: (1) Stable Satisfaction of Sex need: This is the Primary and essential function of family. Sex instinct is the natural urge of human being. The satisfaction of this need requires that both male and female should live together as life partners. It is the family where the husband and wife can satisfy their sex instincts easily and comfortably. Without family the satisfaction of sex need is almost socially quite impossible. A family not only satisfies but also provides the appropriate mechanism through marriage to regulate sexual behavior of husband and wife. (2) Reproduction or procreation: Reproduction or procreation is another essential function of family. The family along with regulating the sexual behavior in relation to the satisfaction of sexual needs secures a legitimate basis for procreation. Since the inception of family, it has been performing this fundamental function. This function of family contributes to the continuity of family and ultimately perpetuates the human race as a whole. (3) Protection and care of the young: Protection and care of the children is another essential function of family. It is regarded as an institution par excellence for the production and rearing of children. It is true that no other institution can take required care of the child like family. The child at birth is complete helpless and cannot survive at all without the help of the family. It is the family which provides care, protection...
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...to get married. Ihave tried so very hard to f ind a logical argument against it but I was not able to get any reasonsagainst it. I f I may use an analogy, their argument is like a large bucket with a hole in the bottom,except the hole is as large as the top. Also, the bucket does not actually exist but they re f use toaccept that and pour into it anyway. Be f ore I started my research, I thought o f a f ew reasons Ithought I could go f urther with but when I tried to make them work, I could only f ind argumentsagainst them. The reasons I thought same-sex marriage should not be legalized are because amajority o f people voted against it, there would be less procreation, and it would complicate laws by rede f ining marriage.In the United States o f America, we have a democratic f...
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...What is the stand of the Church regarding this issue? The controversial "Baby M"[1] case and the recent Vatican document on "respect for human life and its origins" has triggered many concerns among religious leaders regarding the ethical issues raised by the new reproductive methods and technologies. Because our understanding of the relationship between sex and procreation has been challenged by recent unforeseen methods of reproduction. Thus causing people who are eager to have children and have no hope other than these new methods and technologies forced theologians to re-examine traditional doctrines. God's standard for sexual morality has always been clear: As it has stated in Exodus 20:14 "Thou shalt not commit adultery”. Since the ancient times to modern times, God has commanded all of His people to stay pure and faithful before and after marriage. intimate relations are allowed only between a man and a woman who are legally and lawfully married. For that reason, intimate relations outside of marriage are out of the question. In order to stay pure, a person must refrain from committing adultery and fornication. This alone can prove that the act of surrogacy is a form of adultery even with the partner's consent since one of the couple is to be unified with a person outside of their marriage. The Catholic Church demonstrates that Human Life, from the beginning of conception to the oldest adult - is an unique "Gift from God" - made in His own image and likeness...
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...Legal Theory, 5 (1999), 117–148. Printed in the United States of America Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1352–3252/99 $9.50 SEANA VALENTINE SHIFFRIN Wrongful Life WRONGFUL LIFE, PROCREATIVE RESPONSIBILITY, AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HARM Seana Valentine Shiffrin University of California at Los Angeles I. A wrongful life suit is an unusual civil suit brought by a child (typically a congenitally disabled child)1 who seeks damages for burdens he suffers that result from his creation. Typically, the child charges that he has been born into an unwanted or miserable life.2 These suits offer the prospect of financial relief for some disabled or neglected children and have some theoretical advantages over alternative causes of action.3 But they have had 1. In these cases, the disability is not usually caused by events after conception, such as prenatal damage. Rather, the disability, the underlying genetic condition, or the relevant circumstances of conception are essentially linked to the child’s identity or existence. So, he must claim that his life was wrongfully caused, not only his disability. Jeff McMahan argues that some significant prenatal damage, occurring early in pregnancy, may affect the identity of the child. If he is correct, then such cases should be classified with the cases typically associated with wrongful life litigation. Jeff McMahan, Wrongful Life: Paradoxes in the Morality of Causing People to Exist, in RATIONAL COMMITMENT AND SOCIAL JUSTICE: ESSAYS...
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...Shakespeare begins his sonnets by introducing four of his most important themes — immortality, time, procreation, and selfishness — which are interrelated in this first sonnet both thematically and through the use of images associated with business or commerce. The sonnet's first four lines relate all of these important themes. Individually, each of these four lines addresses a separate issue. Line 1 concerns procreation, especially in the phrase "we desire increase"; line 2 hints at immortality in the phrase "might never die"; line 3 presents the theme of time's unceasing progress; and line 4 combines all three concerns: A "tender heir" represents immortality for parents, who will grow old and die. According to the sonnet's poet, procreating ensures that our names will be carried on by our children. If we do not have children, however, our names will die when we do. But, the scenario the poet creates in these four lines apparently has been rejected by the young man, whom the poet addresses as "thou," in lines 5–12. Interested only in his own selfish desires, the youth is the embodiment of narcissism, a destructively excessive love of oneself. The poet makes clear that the youth's self-love is unhealthy, not only for himself but for the entire world. Because the young man does not share himself with the world by having a child to carry on his beauty, he creates "a famine where abundance lies" and cruelly hurts himself. The "bud" in line 11 recalls the "rose" from line 2:...
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...“It is more than a ceremony sanctifying the commitment of bride and groom, a marriage in Judaism needs to be consummated to ensure covenantal lineage.” Further, Judaism also views marriage as purposeful. Within Judaism, there are two purposes of marriage - companionship and procreation and “therefore a man… shall cleave to his wife, and they become one flesh" (Genesis 2:24). The wedding ceremony presents the ideal expression of marriage as a relationship between the couple, their family, their community and God. In addition, the local Jewish community is strengthened through the formation of a new family unit and the Covenant is continued. Thus, adherents are called to not only consummate their marriage through bearing children, but also to establish family life in a loving home which Jewish people consider to be like a “little temple” (Ezekiel 11:16). Hasidic Jew Avigail Avraham in her book ‘Doublelife: One Family, Two Faiths and a Journey of Hope’, discusses the importance of procreation in her community to fulfil the covenant and sanctity her marriage. “Procreation, God's commandment, is one of the most important functions to the Hasidic...
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...growth medium which allows fertilization to occur. Afterwards the embryo is either transferred back into the woman’s uterus or frozen and stored for later use. IVF has been a source of moral, ethical and religious controversy since its development. Although members of all religious groups can be found on both sides of the issue, the major opposition has come from the Roman Catholic Church. In 1987, the church issued a doctrinal statement opposing IVF on 3 grounds; the destruction of human embryos not used for implantation, the possibility of IVF by a sperm donor other than the husband-thus removing reproduction form the marital context, and finally the severing of an essential connection between the nuptial act and procreation. The use of IVF is said to violate the delicate innocence of those created, as God, their creator has not given them the gift of life, and therefore the fundamental value of life has been lost. Catholics believe it is immoral to produce human embryos destined to be exploited as disposable biological material. In the usual practice of IVF, not all embryos are transferred to the woman’s body; some are destroyed. By acting in this way, the scientist is said to take the place of God. Even though he may be unaware of this, he sets himself up as the master...
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...Theology of Sexuality Liberty University Abstract It sells in advertising, it one of the major draws in movies and TV dramas, it is characterized in almost every sense of living in today’s society; the it that is mostly third party spoken of is sex and sexuality. In the Christian faith, the issue of sex and sexuality is normally an abrupt address with little understanding but with many standards of do’s and don’ts. The Bible is not really discreet in the explanation of sex and sexuality as the spokespeople that speak on this subject. Sex is a topic that really matters in this society. It defines the young generation in their dress, it drives the middle age in their outlook, and it now has the elderly generation seeking medical advances to keep it going longer. How can there be an avoidance of such a topic. This paper seeks to explore the theology of sexuality by using support by biblical and theological hermeneutics, as well as ethical or normative stances on the major role that sex and sexuality play in both the person as an individual and in the institution of marriage. Keywords: sex, sexuality, theology, Bible Theology of Sexuality One of the most private and intimate encounters in our society is sex and the display of its affection and passion. When sex or sexuality is spoken of it is normally done within the confines of the two people that are planning to engage or a group of people who have assembled with knowledge of the content of the subject that will...
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...Saint Augustine provided the classical description of the goods of marriage as fidelity (fidelium), children (proles), and sacrament (sacramentum). According to Augustine, fidelity is the understanding and intention of the married couple to exercise exclusive sexual faithfulness to one another. As the fruit of fidelity, parents accept children in love, nurturing them in affection, and educating them in religion. The sacrament constitutes a symbol of the permanence and stability in marriage. (De Genesi ad litteram, 9, 7, 12). The classical Augustinian description of the three goods of marriage is reflected, but not repeated verbatim, in the 83 CIC. Section One of C. 1055 defines the ends of marriage as the good of the spouses and procreation and education of children. The language of the canon situates the two ends of marriage in the context of marriage as covenant and sacrament. C. 1056 lists unity and indissolubility as the essential properties of marriage. The elements of the Augustinian description of the goods of marriage—fidelity, children, and sacrament—inform the present law of the church describing marriage as sacramental covenant in terms of ends and properties—the love of the spouses, children, unity, and indissolubility. II. Saint Augustine’s Traditional Three Goods In describing the goodness of marriage, Saint Augustine did not...
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...Is Homosexuality Right Or Wrong? by Nazha Gali My topic is homosexuality and the natural law theory. The natural law theory, which was founded by Aquinas, rests on a certain view that the world has a rational order with values and purposes built into its very nature. And since homosexuality is against the orders of nature, the natural law theory totally condemns it. I disagree with this point of view because I choose not to judge homosexuals but instead I accept them as members of our society. Middle Eastern societies do not accept homosexuals because their beliefs are against it, but sometimes different behaviors can add to the diversity in a society. We should not let homosexuals feel like they are being looked down upon or treated differently than any other human being. Rather, we should try to understand the basis of their behavior and take consideration into the causes that led these people to practice homosexuality. Some causes are social while others are biological. There may have been many social causes or experiences that might have lead to homosexual behavior. The main biological cause for homosexuality has been identified to be related to the abnormally high levels of the female hormones progesterone and estrogen. Also there have been studies indicating that some parts of the brain that control attitude and behavior are slightly smaller in homosexual males compared to normal male brains. Homosexuality is a very debatable issue and some people view it as morally wrong...
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