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Production of Benzene

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Submitted By khuzayma
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Benzene
Benzene is a material used at the start and is used as a building for many other aromatic materials. These chemicals include ethyl benzene, phenol and styrene. Smaller amounts of benzene can be used to make a wide range of materials. However benzene is a known carcinogen (chemical that causes cancer) .so continual exposure of this carcinogen benzene vapour can result in leukaemia.
Benzene has a rather dull appearance as it appears as a colourless liquid although it does have a sweet odour. It is also highly flammable and is formed in human activities and natural processes. It evaporates in to air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. Natural sources of benzene include forest fires and volcanoes. Benzene is also a component of crude oil, petrol and cigarette smoke.

Structure of benzene
• Benzene is a flat molecule with 6 carbons atoms bonded together in a Planar ring so is also a cyclic hydrocarbon.
• Each carbon is covalently joined to two other carbons and one hydrogen. So there are 3 covalent bonds all together.
• The remaining outer electron of each carbon is shared with the other carbons in the ring. The six electrons are delocalised around the ring this gives stability to the structure and hold it in place.
• All bond lengths are the same.
• IT ALSO IS COLOULERLESS SO IS NOT VERY USEFUL AND IS EXTREMLY EXPLOSIVE AND HAS LOW FLAMIBILITY

Kekule structure of benzene
Kekule was the first to suggest a sensiSSble structure for benzene. The carbons are arranged in a hexagon, and he suggested alternating double and single bonds between them. Each carbon atom has hydrogen attached to it. However the problem with this model is that it could not explain why benzene had low reactivity because if a double bond is present then it will react in a similar way to alkenes.
Uses of benzene
Benzene is also used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides.
Chemicals and plastics
Benzene is used in manufacturing chemical and plastic products this include resins, adhesives and synthetic products such as nylon, styrene and Styrofoam and synthetic fibers.

painting/printing
Benzene is contained in products used in the printing industry for cleaning and maintaining printing equipment. The ink that is used in printing frequently contains benzene. Benzene is a specialist ingredient of a variety of painting products, such as, spray paints, sealers and stains

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