...Issues And Problems of Islamic Banking An overview on the review of problems | | The Islamic banks face a number of challenges. First, they have not yet been successful in devising an interest-free mechanism to place their funds on a short-term basis. They face the same problem in financing consumer loans and government deficits. Second, the risk involved in profit-sharing seems to be so high that most of the banks have resorted to those techniques of financing which bring them a fixed assured return. As a result, there is a lot of genuine criticism that these banks have not abolished interest but have in fact only changed the nomenclature of their transactions Khan (1989). Third, the Islamic banks do not have the legal support of central banks of their respective countries (except in Pakistan and Iran), which exposes them to great risks. Fourth, the Islamic banks do not have the necessary expertise and trained manpower to appraise, monitor, evaluate and audit the projects they are required to finance. As a result, they cannot expand despite having financial liquidity.The future of Islamic banks hinges, by and large, on their ability to find a viable alternative to interest for financing all types of loans. They should recognize that their success in abolishing interest has been only partial and they have yet to go a long way in their search for a satisfactory alternative to interest. Simultaneously, Islamic banks need to improve their managerial capabilities by training...
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...What is Sharia Banking? London is the leading Islamic banking center in the West, and the Netherlands is seeking to overtake London in this regard. Wall Street is becoming enamored with Islamic banking (also known as Sharia banking) and this banking model is rapidly gaining acceptance in the Western world. Unlike the traditional banking model most Westerners are familiar with, Islamic banks are managed according to Sharia law. The main difference between Western banking and Islamic banking is the Quran prohibits the collection of interest in all monetary transactions, charging fees (and donations) for services provided in lieu of charging interest on loaned capital. Islamic banks are also governed by a Sharia Advisory Board, which is comprised of Islamic scholars and clerics who are responsible to ensure all of the bank's activities are in strict compliance with Sharia (Islamic) law. Those in favor of Islamic banking believe the Islamic banking system is superior to the capitalistic model of the West, because it is structured around a "strict code of ethics" (based on the Quran) and is prohibited from "exploitative practices" (including the charging of interest). According to Islamic banking proponents, this allows banking to be an integral part of a moral society (governed by the Quran). In contrast, they believe capitalism is solely focused on money (profit) and this incites greed and the exploitation of others, which leads to the social problems in the West, including the division...
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...January/February 2009 Volume 25, Number 1 The Evolution Of Islamic Finance In Southeast Asia: The Case Of Malaysia (1) Rika Nakagawa, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is threefold: to explain why the Islamic financial system was introduced in Malaysia; to outline how the Malaysian government has promoted this system; and to analyze the development of the Islamic financial system with a specific focus on the banking sector. In Malaysia, the first Islamic bank, Bank Islam Malaysia Bhd., was established in 1983. One turning point of the Islamic financial system in the country was the Financial Sector Master Plan presented by the central bank in 2001. The government, in accordance with the plan, has taken a strong initiative in the development of an Islamic financial system. As a result, the country has succeeded in promoting a comprehensive Islamic financial system, banking and insurance sectors and capital markets. In the banking sector, this paper reveals that the profit-sharing system does not seem to be popular in this country although the reward system is central to Islamic Finance. In order for further development of the Islamic financial sector, the reasons why the percentage of contracts under the profit-sharing system is small need to be analyzed. Keywords: Islamic Finance in Malaysia, Financial Sector Master Plan, New Economic Policy, Bank Islam Malaysia Bhd., Islamic Banking Scheme INTRODUCTION I n the globalized economy, large...
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... conventional banks and Islamic banks. In simple words Islamic banks operate in interest free system. Prohibition of interest is ordained in Islam in all forms and intent. This Prohibition is strict, absolute and unambiguous. The Holy Qur'an in verse 278 of Surah Al-Baqarah states: "O ye who believe! Fear Allah and give up what remains of your demand for Riba, if ye are indeed believers." Verse 2: 279 says: "If you do it not, take notice of war from Allah and His Messenger. But if ye turn back, ye shall have your capital sums. Deal not unjustly and you shall not be dealt with unjustly." It therefore, follows that interest is prohibited as it leads to injustices and Islam is against all forms of injustices and exploitations and pleads an economic system, which aims at securing extensive socio-economic justice. The Islamic law of prohibition of Riba, which includes interest, was originally not based on economic theory but on Divine Authority, which considers the charging of interest as an act of injustice (Dr. Siddiqui). Islamic banks appeared on the world scene as active players two decades ago. But many of the principles on which Islamic banking is based have been commonly acceptable all over the world for centuries rather than decades, as it is evident that Islamic finance was practiced predominantly in the Muslim world throughout the middle Ages, promoting trade and business activities. In Spain and the Mediterranean and Baltic States, Islamic merchants became...
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...ISLAMIC BANKING SYSTEM & PRODUCTS Name Course Instructor Institution Date Islamic banking Introduction Over the past decades, Islamic banking has expanded into a distinctive and fast growing competitive substitute to conventional banking in many countries. Despite the rapid expansion of the Islamic banking system in recent years, little is however understood of how it differs from conventional banking systems, especially in the non Muslim world. Although Islamic banking works in accordance with the Islamic laws (shariah), in other countries, they are allowed to operate incomparably with the conventional banks that are interest based. The desire of Muslim communities to reorganize their social economic activities, and revival of financial institutions such as Zakah on an interest free basis can be said to be the main drivers to the development of Islamic baking over the past (Wilson, 1994: 110). Nevertheless, Islamic banking is not a religious product as it may insinuate, but it can rather be understood as a series of growing financial products that are developed with the aim of meeting the requirements of Islamic culture and its people (Sole, J. A., 2007: 6). Thus theses systems have developed so as to enable Muslims to invest savings and equally raise finance without compromising their religious and ethical practices. In order to comprehend the fundamental principles of operation of the Islamic banking system, it is thus necessary to understand what it is. There is...
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...International Journal of Islamic Financial Services Vol. 1 No.3 ISLAMIC BANKING IN BANGLADESH: PERFORMANCE, PROBLEMS & PROSPECTS Md. Abdul Awwal Sarker Islamic banks can provide efficient banking services to the nation if they are supported with appropriate banking laws, and regulations. This will help them introducing PLS modes of operations, which are very much conducive to economic development. It would be better if Islamic banks had the opportunity to work as a sole system in an economy. That would provide Islamic banking system to fully utilize its potentials. Studies show that Islamic banks can not operate with its full efficiency level if it operates under a conventional banking framework, their efficiency goes down in a number of dimensions. The deterioration is not because of Islamic bank’s own mechanical deficiencies. Rather it is the efficiency-blunt operations of the conventional banking system that puts obstructions to efficient operation of Islamic banks. This does not mean that the survival of Islamic banks operating within the conventional banking framework is altogether threatened. Evidences from Bangladesh indicate that Islamic banks can survive even within a conventional banking framework by which over from PLS to trade related modes of financing. The Genesis of Islamic Banking in Bangladesh At birth, Bangladesh inherited an interest based banking system, which was introduced here earlier when the country was a part of British Colony. Since its...
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...undertaken to provide an overview of previous studies related to this particular study. The first section starts with the Principles of Islamic Banking and a description of the products. The next one consists of studies indicating the relief provided by Islamic Microfinance institutions globally. The remaining sections comprise of the factors affecting the demand of Islamic financial products namely, awareness, religious factors and trust among parties. The last sections include the Mauritian government’s assistance in introducing Islamic Finance in the country and measures taken to set high standards and women empowerment. 2.1.1 Products...
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...Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 9 ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ISLAMIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE ISLAMIC BANKING: ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Mabid Ali Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal Occasional Paper No.4 1422H 2001 Mabid Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal 10 Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 11Mabid Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal 12 Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 13 FOREWORD In the last quarter of a century, there has been a great interest in the Islamic banking system both at private and public levels. There is an earnest and widespread desire to understand the system. Academicians, bankers and general public, all, have some genuine questions and concerns. Policy makers in the monetary and financial sectors of the IDB member countries have also often asked the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) some basic questions of theoretical and practical importance about the elimination of interest from the national economies of Muslim countries and the transformation of the prevailing conventional system to an Islamic one. Some of these questions reflect a desire to understand the basic concepts of Islamic finance while others relate to the creation of an enabling environment through macroeconomic reform and structural adjustments that are needed to establish the Islamic financial system and the complications that arise when an effort is made to bring about the transformation...
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...ADVANTAGES CONVENTIONAL BANK Banking sector constitute a major financial service sector affecting economic development. The stability and growth of any economy to a great extend depend on the stability of its banking sector. It functions as intermediary linking surplus and deficit units; facilitate funds for productive purpose and thereby contributes to economic development. Conventional banking based on interest prevails across the world. Islamic banking follows Islamic Shariah as the basis of operation. In both conventional banking and Islamic banking operates and offer its various products and services. While conventional banks offer its services that are interest based, Islamic banking services are interest-free and is based on profit-loss and risk sharing, and involve participation and sharing based Mudarabah, Wakalah (agent) contract, etc. In other words, Islamic banking followed an equity approach than interest-based approach in deposit and lending. Conventional bank or business bank is a type of retail banks that provide service, such as accepting deposits, giving business loans and basic investment products. A financial institution that provide services, such as accepting deposits, giving business loans, mortgage lending and basic investment products like saving accounts and certificates of deposits. The traditional commercial bank is as brick and mortar institution with tellers, safe deposit boxes, vaults and ATMs. However, some commercial banks do not have any physical...
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...BWBS3043 ISLAMIC BANKING MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS BIL 1.0 2.0 CONTENT Islamic Contracts in Islamic Bank INTRODUCTION OF THE SELECTED BANK 2.1 2.2 2.3 Background of Affin Bank Berhad Background of Islamic Affin Bank Berhad Background of RHB Islamic Bank Berhad PAGE 2 5 5 6 7 8 8 12 15 17 18 47 3.0 LOAN AND FINANCING SERVICES 3.1 3.2 Affin Bank Berhad Services Affin Islamic Bank Berhad Services 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.3 Trade Financings Contracts Financing RHB Islamic Bank Services 4.0 Comparison of Products between Conventional Bank and Islamic Bank 4.1 Affin Bank Berhad and Affin Islamic Bank Berhad 19 20 5.0 References Page | 0 BWBS3043 ISLAMIC BANKING MANAGEMENT 1.0 ISLAMIC CONTRACTS IN ISLAMIC BANK Definition It involves a contract between the seller and its buyer for the sale of goods at a price that includes an agreed profit margin, either a lump sum or percentage of the purchase price. The seller will purchase the goods that requested by buyer and will sell them to buyer with a mark-up. Contracts Murabahah (cost-plus financing) Mudharabah (profit sharing) Contract with one party providing 100 per cent of the capital (Rabb al-Mal) and the one party (the mudharib) providing its expertise to invest the capital and manage the investment project. Profits generated are distributed according to a pre-determined ratio, but it like the capital itself that cannot be guaranteed. The provider of capital was the losses, who have no control over the management of the...
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...Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. 1, No.4; November 2011 THE SURVIVAL OF ISLAMIC BANKING VIS-À-VIS NON-INTEREST BANKING IN NIGERIA, AN OVERVIEW DR. AKINYEMI BALOGUN,* Head of Department, Accounting and Banking &Finance/Business Administration, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria ABSTRACT This Paper Examines and gives an Overview of the Survival of Islamic Banking visà-vis Non-Interest Banking In the Nigerian Economy, its background and Origin, a review on non-interest banking system in Nigeria compared with other countries, arguments from different analyst on Non-interest banking System, the implication of statutory auditor, the implication, the role of auditor, the laws and guidelines guiding non-interest banking in Nigeria, differences between Islamic banking system and conventional banking System, its benefit, timing, profit sharing and problem. KEYWORDS: Non-interest Banking, Islamic Banking, Statutory Auditors, Guidelines, Conventional Banks, Nigerian Economy, Overview, Benefits and profit sharing. *Dr. Akinyemi Balogun is a multi professional, a financial expert, a manager of repute, a chartered banker and associate chartered institute of marketing, fellow national institute of marketing, associate chattered institute of management. Dr. Akinyemi Balogun is the head of department of Business Administration, college of social and management sciences (COSMAS), in Achievers University, Owo. The views expressed in the paper are purely...
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...8th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance Prospects and Problems of Islamic Banking from Bank’s Perspective: A Study of Bangladesh Dr. Muhammad Z Mamun 1 This paper focuses on the prospect and growth potentials of Islamic banks in Bangladesh as perceived by Islamic and conventional bankers. The study noted that there is a high demand for interest-free banking services from a segment of people in Bangladesh who have a strong desire to abide by the rules and principals set by Shariah. Along with religious requirement, economic exigencies provide a new outlook to the role of banking in promoting investment/ productive activities, influencing distribution of income and adding stability to the economy. The Islamic banking sector is, however, criticized on several grounds by the Conventional bankers. The banks are believed not to apply the rules of Shariah completely. Islamic banks are said to include interest in their dealings to compete effectively with the Conventional banks. Moreover, conventional banks offering Islamic banking as a parallel service are thought to do so only to add to their profitability, by attracting people who value the Shariah based system by enjoying the advantages of the special treatments from the Central bank. According to the survey, suitable and supportive legal framework would facilitate better growth of this sector. Moreover, the lack of an inter-bank money market and sufficient supportive and link institutions in the sector, act...
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...THE AL-AMANAH ISLAMIC INVESTMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, AUTHORIZING ITS CONDUCT OF ISLAMIC BANKING BUSINESS, AND REPEALING FOR THIS PURPOSE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NUMBERED TWO HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FOUR AS AMENDED BY PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NUMBERED FIVE HUNDRED AND FORTY-TWO (CREATING THE PHILIPPINE AMANAH BANK) Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:: WHEREAS, the State, in Section 20, Article II of the Constitution, encourages private enterprise and provides incentives to needed investments; WHEREAS, under the Constitution, the use of property bears a social function so that the consequences in law also must be defined by policy objectives related to property rights in productive enterprises; WHEREAS, toward this end, the Government has committed itself to the establishment of an Islamic bank that operates within a legal framework permitting the investors or participants the rights to equitable or beneficial share in the profits realized from financing productive activities and other operations: Now, therefore. THE CHARTER OF THE AL-AMANAH ISLAMIC INVESTMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as "The Charter of the Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines." ESTABLISHMENT AND FUNCTIONS Section 2. Name, Domicile and Place of Business. - There is hereby created the Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines, which shall be hereinafter called the Islamic Bank.ts principal...
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...conducted due to the presence of one important economic instrument which has different system of management hence to show the similarities and differences between these instruments. Islamic and conventional banks are all banks but having different system of managements, aspects, history, products and even acceptance according to laws. The research will discuss these aspects and more to make people aware of these instruments so as to remove the confusion on them and make them choose the best with the best reasons. This study will be divided in to three chapters. Chapter one will be all about Islamic and Conventional banks, theirs nature, history, products offered and many more. Chapter two will discuss and show the similarities and differences of these banks. Chapter three as the final chapter will discuss the case study of Islamic banks in Tanzania. I pray to Allah to make this study be the sources of awareness about these banks especially in Tanzania where by people haven’t got exactly meaning and differences of these banks. 2) JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH: i. The research will define, show and explain the short history of Islamic and Conventional banks. ii. This research will show the comparison of Islamic and Conventional banks. iii. The research will show roles and activities of Islamic and Conventional banks in the community. iv. In this research products offered by these banks will be...
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...General Banking Operations General banking provides the foundation of banker – customer relation ship through openingaccount. This is the busiest department and the daily transactions of concerned to thecustomers for drawing or depository money , selling of the instrument to them for remittance purpose, collection of their instruments providing other services to them and keep customer section busy.Usually the following sections/departments are involved to perform the general bankingoperations: ˃ Cash Section ˃ Bills & Remittance Section ˃ Clearing and Collection Section ˃ Accounts Section Mudaraba The word 'Mudaraba' has been derived from Arabic word 'Darb'/'Darbun' which means“Travel”. Thus the word ‘Mudaraba’ means travel for undertaking business.Mudaraba is a form of partnership in profit whereby one party provides capital and the other party provides skill and labour.The provider of capital is called ‘Shahib-al-Mal’ or the ‘Rabb-ul-Mal’ (the financier or owner of the fund) and acts like a sleeping or dormant partner while the provider of skill and labour is called ‘Mudarib’ (entrepreneur/organizer) who provides the entrepreneurship andmanagement for carrying on any venture, trade, industry or service with the objectives of earning profits.Both the parties share the profit as per pre-agreed ratio and the losses, if any, being borne bythe provider of capital i.e. ‘Shahib-al-Mal’ except if it is due to breach of trust, misconduct,negligence or violation of the...
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