...Enhancing end-of-life care (EoLC) is a core component of international governments’ health policies. Across the globe, nurses make significant contributions to EoLC and, at this delicate time, have the power to positively influence the health and wellbeing of those facing death. Indeed, health promotion is a core component of the nurse’s role. Originating in the UK, EoLC pathways have been adopted around the world.Their broad aim is to optimise the quality of the dying process, enabling people to ‘die well’ across care settings. This paper examines EoLC pathways in terms of promoting health and wellbeing in this discrete stage of the dying trajectory. Concepts of health and health promotion are described briefly and the idea of health-promoting palliative care and its association with a good death examined. The ensuing discussion relates to two EoLC documents. While acknowledging that much has been achieved it is argued that, despite the potential for promoting health and wellbeing, a professionally led, biomedical approach predominates, and in terms of promoting health and wellbeing at the end of life there is a pressing need for proactive advance care planning at an earlier point in the illness trajectory. Key words: End-of-life care l Care pathways l Terminal care l Health promotion Michael Allen is Staff Nurse, Chemotherapy Day Unit, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe Bro- Morgannwg University Hospital Board, Swansea, Wales; Tessa Watts is Senior Lecturer, Swansea University,...
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...to experience Scribd: • English • 中文 • Español • العربية • Português • 日本語 • Deutsch • Français • Turkce • Русский язык • Tiếng việt • Język polski • Bahasa indonesia Download Go BackAdd Note Link Embed Save [pic]of 8 Readcast [pic] [pic][pic][pic] Dr. Nola J. Pender PhD, RN, FAANa nursing theorist who first presented her Health Promotion Model for nursing in her book HealthPromotion in Nursing Practice (1982). She developed the idea that promoting optimal health supersedespreventing disease. Pender's theory identifies cognitive-perceptual factors in the individual, such asimportance of health, perceived benefits of health-promoting behaviors, and perceived barriers to health-promoting behaviors. These factors are modified by demographic and biologic characteristics andinterpersonal influences, as well as situational and behavioral factors. They help predict participation inhealth-promoting behavior. The individual's definition of health for himself or herself has more importance thana general statement about health. A major assumption in Pender's theory is that health, as a positive high-level state, is assumed to be a goal toward which an individual strives. Pender Nursing Theory The Health Promotion Model of nursingNola Pender, former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan, has developed a rational-choice modelof healthcare. This is not really a nursing theory per se, but a psychological...
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...University of Hull, East Riding Campus, Hull art of the ongoing process of National Health Service (NHS) reforms involves bringing about fundamental change in the way that primary health care is delivered in the UK (Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS), 1987; Department of Health (DoH), 1989a, 1996; Standing Nursing and Midwifery Advisory Committee (SNMAC), 1995). A considerable amount of discursive and legislative documentation has accompanied these reforms, which served to provide a ‘springboard’ for debate on current and future directions of health-related policy (DoH, 1989b, 1993a,b, 1997, 1998). There has also been a concerted and longstanding request for community nurses to adopt and incorporate both health promotion and educational activities into their workload. In the late 1980s, in its document Promoting Better Health: the Government’s Programme for P ABSTRACT It is the responsibility of all nurses to incorporate health promotional and health educational activities into their professional roles. Much of the literature around this issue relates to the specific role of community-based nurses in the primary healthcare team, and identifies their unique position and responsibility for pioneering the universal acceptance and adoption of health-promoting practices. Community-based nurses are in a good position to commission health-related activities and integrate them into practice (Department of Health and Social Security, 1987; Department...
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...Family Value Paper This paper will describe the importance of family in the health of our society using the hospital environment. Provide an explanation of how a family works as a system in promoting the health of its members. Identify the concept of family most often used in the hospital environment. Then determine if it is the best concept for considering family in nursing practice. Identify the nursing theory used in the hospital setting. Promoting the Health Today’s families come in many different sizes and dynamics. Family is more than individuals living under the same roof; it is a support system for all aspects of health. A healthy family strives to promote the, emotional, physical, mental, spiritual health of its members. Family is typically the client’s primary important group. Each family member’s action can directly affect another member reaction. Family works as a system in promoting health of its members by having good communication. Each member of a family plays an important role in promoting health of the family. The ability to express concerns, feelings, thoughts and experiences assistant in strengthening family. The family works as a system by showing commitment, trust and understanding to members. The family must be willing to work together and if needed make sacrifices for each other or to benefit the whole family. Concept of Family The concept of family most used in hospital setting is family as context. Family is in the background and not the primary...
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...Nurses play an important component is the way of promoting wellness and well-being for individuals in the community and groups of family members. Since our earliest nursing leader, (Florence Nightingale) described the light of promoting health with the pureness of water, fresh sir, cleanliness and efficient drainage (Blais & Hayes, 2011). Moreover, these are the same values that nurses will add to the health care system and society, as well as create and use different education and behavior skills to assist in preventing diseases and illness, in which individuals have high risk for. Nurses will initiate this by promoting the importance of good health, exercise, rest, and nutrition, while eliminating the bad causes in the community such as alcohol and tobacco (Blais & Hayes, 2011). The nurse as the collaborator and colleague, work together in collaboration with another healthcare provider to provide patient care. They work as partners with other individuals like other nurses, physician assistants and/or doctors to assist patients and family members with their care. This process adds value to organizations and our society by working together to achieve the greatest outcome...
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...CONTROLLING HEALTH CARE COSTS WHILE PROMOTING THE BEST POSSIBLE HEALTH OUTCOMES American College of Physicians A White Paper 2009 Controlling Health Care Costs While Promoting the Best Possible Health Outcomes Summary of Position Paper Approved by the ACP Board of Regents, September 2009 What are the Major Drivers of Health Care Costs? Major drivers of health care costs include: inappropriate utilization especially of advanced medical technology, lack of patient involvement in decision-making, payment system distortions that encourage over-use, high prices for health care services, a health care workforce that is not aligned with national needs, excessive administrative costs, medical liability and defensive medicine, more Americans with declining health status and chronic disease, and demographic changes including an increase in elderly persons. This paper addresses each of these drivers of health care costs and provides recommendations for controlling them. Why Do We Need to Control Health Care Costs? Improvements in health care have the ability to provide opportunities for all people to live better, healthier lives. However, the rate of increase in U.S. spending on health care continues to exceed economic growth at an unsustainable pace. The rate of growth in health care spending is the single most important factor undermining the nation’s long-term fiscal condition. Why Should Controlling Health Care Costs be Linked to Promoting Good Health Outcomes? Increasing pressure...
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...Health Care Reform Project, Part I Team HCS 440 Class University of Phoenix Online March 5, 2012 Health Care Reform Project, Part I Within the United States are many concerns about health care economics. Health care costs are continuing to rise and it contributes to the impact of providing the older population with medical care. “The aging of the U.S. population is translating into many more visits to doctors' offices and hospitals, a reality that is taxing weak spots in the health-care system” (The Associated Press, 2008, para. 1. Within this paper, the economic impact of providing the older population with medical care has on the provision of health care services to the public will be addressed. Also articles that support medical care to the older population will be addressed along with possible solutions to the economic impact of providing medical care to an older population. Economic Impact of Providing Medical Care to an Aging Population The world’s population is continuing to age, and the older people are the more likely he or she to seek medical care. The larger proportion of the hospital in-patient case load is represented by the older population. The older population has more complications and doctors have to perform more tests and procedures on them. According to Cauchon (2008), “the cost of health care and retirement benefits of an aging population threatens to bankrupt the nation...
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...Michigan, and in 1965, received her master's degree from the same university. She went on to Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, to earn a PhD in 1969. Her model emphasizes preventative health measures and outlines the important roles that nurses’ play in helping patients prevent illness by self-care and wise choices. Dr. Pender's theory differs from most other nursing theories in that it focuses on positive nursing interventions rather than on providing care after illness has occurred. Promoting optimal health is considered more important than preventing disease. According to the theory, nurses have a primary role in teaching patients to make healthy choices and care for themselves. If patients participate in their own care and make wise choices, they will have better health and be able to prevent many illnesses and diseases. Pender believed that a person's self-definition of health had more importance than a generalized designation of health. Health seeking behaviors can be influenced by cognitive-perceptual factors such as the importance of personal health to the individual, perceived advantages of healthy living and possible disadvantages of health promoting behavior. These factors can be further modified by other considerations including interpersonal influences, cultural factors and biological and demographic characteristics. Nurses play a very important role in directing patients toward the goal of optimal health. References There are no sources in the current...
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...Discuss the concept of resilience including the factors that contribute to resilience for health care consumers and health care professionals: Resilience is seen as an individuals way for bouncing back from hardship, going though life we encounter all sorts of obstacle that can either be good or bad, beneficial or non beneficial, resilience is someone’s way of coming back and still moving on with life after encountering something negative. Resilience is defined as one person’s ability to adapt or cope with stress and tribulation (Helen Splarn, 2012). In this essay I will taking about theorist Andrew fuller and his theory and definition of resilience and I will also be outlining the factors, both negative and positive that contribute to resilience in health care consumers, which are us, every day people and also health care professionals, those who severe in the medical field, doctors, nurses, surgeons, GP’s etc. Andrew fuller, clinical psychologist and Generation Next speaker defines resilience as “the strongest antidote we know for self harm, depression and drug abuse and is all built up on our sense of belonging” (Andrew Fuller, 2106). A person’s ability to adapt to changing circumstances at a young age shall later on influence how well they cope with schooling, social integration and future academic and work opportunities (Andrew Fuller, 2016). Andrew Fuller links the importance of keeping an optimistic point of view and thinking positively and seeing the positives of an...
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...success of any society; the government, development agents, experts as well as the society play an important role in promoting quality health. Quality health requires various pertinent tools and resources for instance: Technology, qualified personnel, and financial resources form the imperative components of health improvements. The Foundational Frameworks for Quality Health Improvements There are various fundamental designs that are formulated and implemented by various stakeholders to facilitate quality health improvement. These designs vary in their level of efficacy as well as the amount of resources needed for their successful implementation. To begin, stakeholder such as the government has been increasingly applying the concept of partnerships as a framework for improving quality health provision. This more like a collaborative approach whereby stakeholders such health specialists and local communities work partnership in identification of health problems and formulating effective solutions. Another framework that plays an important role in improving quality in the health sector is the research and innovation; this involves the provision of a platform to various stakeholders to develop new ideas and concepts that can facilitate the provision of quality health to the society. Governments, donors, and various communities can play great role in promoting research and innovation in the health sector through provision of resources such as finances, technology, and human...
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...Healthcare Communication Healthcare Communication In any organization whether it is the health care field or not effective communication is key to most success in any aspect of management. As a manager it is important to have a good relationship with employees, because their feedback and problem solving abilities are important to know and it is a very useful resource to a mangers ability to make the business run smoothly and efficiently. Effective communication in health care contains information sharing and including employees in articulating solutions to problems. Through having effective communication health care organizations can reduce revenue, escalade productivity, and improve the environment of the office. Presently many methods are accessible to use to improve the information sharing and problem-solving skills midst the employees of an organization. Information technology has also had a constructive effect on stimulating these things. Effective communication is important in every organization, especially in the health care industry and can be attained through executing new techniques to promote information sharing and problem solving skills(Victorian Government, 2010).. In my mother’s most recent place of work, and where I volunteer at times only one technique had been endeavored to promote sharing information and ideas. This technique was periodical scheduled meetings. Throughout the meetings every piece of the job was deliberated plus areas that needed...
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...purpose of health promotion in nursing practice, nursing roles and responsibilities evolving in health promotion, and comparison of the three levels of health prevention. Three current journal articles relating to youth violence were chosen for examination of content and comparison regarding their methodology in their use of health promotion and prevention, at specified levels of care. Health promotion is defined in different manners. The general consensus within the health care community is that any model should reflect healthy actions and positive outlooks regarding health and well-being. The client should play a large part in the design of how their health goals are assessed, evaluated, and implemented. The client should be taught self-directed actions of care that improve their ability to magnify well-being, by enhancing their physical activity, improving their diet, managing stress, and eliminating unhealthy lifestyle habits. Health promotion and prevention should be directed toward individuals, families, and communities with the goal of achieving a heightened level of health. All health care providers should be advocates in the community for change that meets the ultimate goal of a healthy life and environment, for all individuals. The journal articles chosen for comparison are based...
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...Health Promotion Among Hispanic Minority Becky Andersen Grand Canyon University: NRS-429NV May 14, 2016 The Health of the nation is determined by the minority health. Approximately 52 million or 16.7% of the total population is Hispanic making this the largest minority group in the Unites States. By 2050 the Hispanic population is expected to double to approximately 132 million or 30% (SAMHSA, 2016). This paper will analyze the health status of the Hispanic population with the non-Hispanic average, health behaviors including cultural, socioeconomic and sociopolitical barriers to health and ways of promoting health. Health Status Among Hispanic Population The two leading causes of death in Hispanics are Cancer and Heart Disease, approximately two of five deaths; this is about the same for non-Hispanic whites (CDC, 2013). In addition to the top two causes, however, homicide, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and conditions in the perinatal period are among the leading causes of death for Hispanics but not for non-Hispanics whites. The death rate for homicide for Hispanics is more than three times the rate for non-Hispanic whites and is responsible for the higher death rate among Hispanic men age 15-24(Escarce, Morales, Rumbaut, 2006). Alcohol use and chronic hepatic infection are a major factor in the increasing death rates from chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The Hispanic populations have a longer life expectancy than non-Hispanic white. An increase...
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...The debate about health care involves issues concerning the right to have healthcare insurance as well as those 65 and older, obesity epidemic, smoking and how each of these topics affects health care in the United States. The number of people with health insurance has steadily increased among with the elderly, who face additional challenges when it comes to seeking health care. The projected increase of Americans classified as obese or who smoke has also had an impact on our health care system. The rising cost of health care and health insurance will have a great impact on the future of the economy. Today’s health care system is increasingly complex regarding cost-controlling measures and the affordability of insurance premiums. The...
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...definitions have as core concepts the notion of providing nursing care to families and family members (Braun & Foster, 2011). Nurses have realized what an important role that families can play in promoting positive health outcomes by getting them involved in patient care. With that said families are seen in the context as how the nurse sees them and works with them. There are several definitions and concepts of family and they are believed to contribute to education, research and theory. Family Concepts The first concept seen is family as context. The patients care is individually focused and the family is seen as a resource but also can be seen as a stressor. The patient is seen as the primary focus and the nurse includes the family if she sees it to be of value and beneficial to the patient as a resource. In regards to promoting health with this type of nursing the patients family becomes involved if the nurse sees it as a benefit and if so they can help the family and be a good resource for them. The second concept that is seen is family as sum. In this type of nursing the whole family is treated and when they have all been treated then care has been provided. Health promotion has been met when care is provided to all family members. The third concept is family subsystems which is the basis for interpersonal family nursing. Examples of this type of nursing would be marital relationships and care giver issues. The fourth concept is family as the client. The patient...
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