promotion activities in
Music Retailing
(Project towards partial fulfilment of the Mid-Term in the subject of Retail Management)

Submitted to :- Submitted by :-
Dr. Archi Mathur, Akash Paul Lakra
Associate Professor Roll No. 766
Faculty of Management studies UG- VI Semester B.B.A.(Hons.) LLB. (Hons.) National Law University, Jodhpur
Winter Session
(January-May 2013)

Acknowledgment

First and foremost I would like to thank my teacher Dr. Archi Mathur who has greatly helped me in choosing this interesting topic.
Secondly I would like to thank my University, National Law University, Jodhpur, for the infrastructural and allied support services without which making this project would have proved to be really difficult.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my parents who have provided me with all the support without which the completion of this project would never have been possible.

Akash Paul Lakra
Roll no, 766, VI Semester,
BBA.(Hons.) LLB. .(Hons.)

Table of Contents Acknowledgment 2 Executive Summary 5 OBJECTIVES 6 An Introduction To Music Retailing 9 1. Early Music Retailers 9 2. Advent of the Big Box Retailers 9 3. Before the arrival of SoundScan 10 4. Digital Age: Monopoly of ITunes/Apple in the virtual music world 11 Promotional Activities done by Various Music Retailers 12 Basic idea of what Promotional Activities are 12 I - What are the Objectives behind promotional activities 12 6. Counter Competitor’s Strategy – 12 II - Tools of Promotional Activities 13 III - Importance of Public Relations 13 IV - The Very Obvious, Advertising 14 Apple iTunes Store 15 Assessment of Promotional activities done by Apple iTunes Store 15 To Sum up, Apple iTunes Store 22 Planet M 23 The Assessment of Promotional Activities done by Planet M 23 Fighting Drop in Sales of Music CDs. Retail outlets 27 2 - To Sum up On Planet M 27 Kirana Music Stores 28 Statistical Data 29 1. Recorded Music Sales: actual sales and forecast 29 2. Apple iTunes Music Store Sales Growth 30 3. Digital Music Sales Share 31 4. Legal Downloaded Music v/s Illegal Downloaded Music 32 5. Music Piracy Ranking 33 Lacunas in the field of Music Retailing 34 1. Music Piracy 34 2. Lack of Promotional Activities along with the Actual Artists that make Music 34 Recommendations 35 Bibliography 36 1. Websites 36 2. Blogs 36 3. Statistical Hyperlinks 36 4. Newspaper (online) 37

Executive Summary
Music Retailing is the ‘sale’ of records to the general public in stores. Working in this very field has proved to be very productive habitat for top recording companies and music journalists of the contemporary era.
In the past music retailing is seen as the business of independent, innocent and not-so-commercially minded people who love music and want a steady business.
The First Music Retailer – ‘Our Price’ stocked records in bulk and sold them in very low prices. The aggressive strategy changed it all and have influenced the now market stance of retailers. Music Stores are open everywhere.
Music Retailing is not limited to only stores, it has expanded its horizon but internet, even supermarkets. Retailers have to pay a specific amount called ‘Dealer Price to the Record Companies.
The Project discusses the promotional activities of Music Retailers, 3 in Particular 1. Apple iTunes Store – The World Largest Music Retailer 2. Planet M – India’s Most Popular Music Retailer 3. The Kirana Music Store – In Context of the Indian Market

OBJECTIVES 1. To identify and study various promotional activities undertaken by Music Retailing Companies. 2. To analyse the impact of promotional activities of Music Retailing on its customers. 3. To identify the lacunas in the promotional activities of Music Retailing & suggest remedial measures.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem it may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them. It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research methods/techniques but also methodology. Researchers not only need to know how to develop certain indices or tests, how to apply particular research techniques, but they also need to know which of these methods or techniques, are relevant and which are not, and what would they mean and indicate.
In the present study I consider that the field research technique would be the most helpful research methodology in studying the research problem.

FIELD RESEARCH Type | Methods | Techniques | (i) | Mass Observation | Recording mass behaviour, interview including independent observer in public places. | (ii) | Mail Questionnaire | Identify of social and economic background of respondent. | (iii) | Questionnaire | Use of attitude scales, projective techniques, use of sociometric scale. | (iv) | Personal Interview | Interviewer uses a detailed schedule with open and close questions. | (v) | Focused Interview | Interviewer focuses attention on a given experience and its effects. | (vi) | Group Interview | Small groups of respondents are interviewed simultaneously. |

CHAPTERIZATION 1. Executive Summary 2. Objectives 3. Research Methodology CHAPTERS | PARTICULARS | (i) | The Music Retail Industry | (ii) | Promotional Activities Undertaken | (iii) | Data tabulation, Statistics | (iv) | Analysis | (v) | Lacunas | (vi) | Conclusion | (vii) | Recommendation |

4. Annexures – Survey Sheet 5. Bibliography

An Introduction To Music Retailing
Music Retailing is basically selling of recorded music. It is the ‘sale’ of records to the general public in stores. Working in this very field has proven to be a very productive habitat for top recording companies and music journalists of the contemporary era.
Early Music Retailers
20th Century was the advent of ‘record industry’. A multitude of record labels came and went. Some of the noteworthy labels of the early stages include :- Columbia Records, Crystalate, Decca Records, Edison Bell, The Gramophone Company, Invicta and various such others. At first record shops were privately run and they were independent businesses, prices could differ greatly from city to city, and store to store. It was seen as the business of independent, innocent and not-so-commercially minded people who love music and want a steady business. In the 1980s music retail industry underwent numerous instances of chains being bought out and absorbed by other chains. Regional chains like Record Bar, Turtles, Strawberries, Licorice Pizza, Kemp Mill and many others became a part of history.
Advent of the Big Box Retailers
The advent of big box retailers like Best Buy and Wal Mart further shank the number of players in the field, and eventually resulted in a situation where only 10 accounts sold 80% of the music. Music Retailers that survived diversified. The percentage of revenue per store that was attributable to music shrank, and the percentage attributable to DVD’s, Digital games, accessories etc. grew.
Retailers sold tickets to concerts, sold magazines, sold band tee shirts, sold anything that would keep them in business. The fact faced was that, that free standing record/music stores were hard to find and still are hard to find and there are usually “alternate” stores that offer music that won’t be found in the major outlet.
Music Retailing has always been subsidized by the music labels beginning with “free goods” that were given to the stores as an incentive to place product into the stores and were often turned into revenue by returning those goods to the labels for a credit. Co – op advertising was anything but, since the labels pad for all the print and radio advertising that was done.
Before the arrival of SoundScan * Stores filed their sales reports with the traders by phone and millions of dollars were spent in giveaway to retailers for the inclusion of albums in their top ten sellers list. * Labels paid for Posters and point of purchase Materials ad actually had Merchandise hired to go out to retail and put up displays. * Endcaps and sale pricing were sold to the distribution companies. * Even placement in “waterfall” displays near the entrance to the store was sold.
Today the system has been simplified into a concept called “Price and Positioning” which requires a label/distribution company to pay up 3$ per CD to have that CD priced at “on sale”, and positioned in the racks in-store.
CDs eventually became loss leaders to bring people into the big box retailer and sell them other products.

Digital Age: Monopoly of ITunes/Apple in the virtual music world
On the 3rd of April 2008 ‘Apple’ claimed that it surpassed ‘Wal mart’ to become the US’ number 1 music retailer, this data was based on the latest data from the NPD group. With over ‘fifty million’ customers iTunes sold over four billion songs and features the world’s largest music catalogue of 6 million songs.
“We launched ITunes less than 5 years ago, and it has now become the number 1 music retailer in the world.” said Eddy Cue, Apple’s then Vice President of ITunes, “We are thrilled and would like to thank all our customers for helping us reach this incredible milestone.”
It was Apple that spearheaded the digital media revolution with its Ipod Portable Music and Videoplayer and ITunes online store.

Promotional Activities done by Various Music Retailers
The project would be discussing promotional activities done by Apple’s iTunes, the world’s largest music retailer and would also be touching upon promotional activities done by Music Retailers in India such as Planet M and the obvious Kirana music stores.
Basic idea of what Promotional Activities are 1. Communication Strategies designed to act as a direct inducement, an added value, or incentive for the product to customers. 2. Advertising & Publicity may create the desire but its conversion into sales can be achieved by sales promotion through its short-term incentives. 3. It helps to shape the buying patterns, attract new customers, or increase sales.
I - What are the Objectives behind promotional activities 1. Stop & Shop – Customers who are just passing by, with no intention of purchasing would be encouraged to enter the store. 2. Shop & Buy – Once the Customers have been persuaded to enter the shop, they have to be convinced to purchase by presenting it in such a manner that the customer feels a desire to buy. 3. Buy Bigger – The promotional activity aims to persuade the customer to buy in greater quantity or buy other products in addition. 4. Repeat Purchases – The activities may be aimed at persuading the customers for repeat purchasing. 5. Introducing a New brand – Sales Promotion may be engaged to introduced a new brand to customers. 6. Counter Competitor’s Strategy – Sales Promotion may also be used to counter the promotional activities of a competitor brand or retailer.
II - Tools of Promotional Activities
The following chart displays the list of tools/ instrumentalities of Promotional Activities. It will be further explained in the latter part of the project in context to various retailers.

III - Importance of Public Relations
Companies cannot survive in isolation they need to have a constant interaction with customers, employees and different stakeholders. This servicing of relation is done by the public relation office. The major function of the public relation office is to handle press releases, support product publicity, create and maintain the corporate image, handle matters with lawmakers, guide management with respect to public issues. Companies are looking at ways to converge with functions of marketing and public relation in marketing public relation. The direct responsibility of marketing public relation (MPR) is to support corporate and product branding activities.
IV - The Very Obvious, Advertising
Advertising is defined as any form of paid communication or promotion for product, service and idea. It denotes the means employed to draw attention to any object or purpose. Advertisement is not only used by companies but in many cases by museum, government and charitable organizations. However, the treatment meted out to advertisement defers from an organization to an organization. Advertising development involves a decision across five M’s Mission, Money, Message, Media and Measurement.

Apple iTunes Store

As already discussed in the beginning of the project, ‘Apple’ is the largest music retailer across the globe, for a simple reason that it can reach out to almost anyone who wants to listen to music. Apple has thoroughly exploited the Digital Age and successfully has created a mini monopoly over digital music downloads.
The question then arises that how apple has been successful in creating such sales and such a monopoly. The answer would be very apparent; it would be good exploitation of the resources at hand and good promotional activities to play the role of a catalyst.
Assessment of Promotional activities done by Apple iTunes Store
Since Apple iTunes is an online store, but promotional activities are done in the real world as well as the virtual world

I Public Relations 1. With Pepsi
On Super Bowl Sunday, February 1, 2004, Apple launched a promotion with Pepsi in which they gave away 100 million songs, through tokens on selected soft drink bottle caps. Unfortunately for Apple, Pepsi failed to properly distribute the bottles to major metropolitan areas until only weeks before the promotion ended, despite a one-month extension of the deadline by Apple. The promotion was repeated beginning January 31, 2005, with 200 million songs available, and an iPod Mini given away every hour. 2. With Coca-Cola
Inspired by Pepsi's marketing success with iTunes giveaways, Coca-Cola partnered with 7-Eleven to give away a free iTunes song with every 32 US floz (950 ml). Slurpee frozen beverage until July 31, 2005. Songs could be redeemed until August 31, 2005 by entering a code printed on the Slurpee cup into the iTunes Music Store application. Coca-Cola did this in spite of having its own music store, myCokeMusic.com, that competed with the iTunes Music Store in Europe. myCokeMusic.com ceased business on July 31, 2006. 3. With GAP
On July 28, 2005, Apple and The Gap announced a promotion to award iTunes music downloads to Gap customers who tried on a pair of Gap jeans. From August 8 to August 31, 2005, each customer who tried on any pair of Gap jeans could receive a free download for a song of their choice from the iTunes Music Store. 4. With Facebook
On July 25, 2006, Facebook and iTunes began offering a promotion where members of the Apple Students group would receive a free 25 song sampler each week until September 30 in various music genres. The idea behind the promotion was to get students more familiar and enthusiastic with each service as Autumn classes approached. However in order to prevent abuse of the promotion, the weekly code that Facebook provided stopped working after it was redeemed one million times. In addition, the promotion caused discontent among international students, as the code was only valid in the U.S. iTunes Music Store.
II Prizes 1. 95 millionth Song
On July 1, 2004, Apple announced that, starting with the sale of the 95 millionth song, an iPod would be given away to the buyer of each 100 thousandth song, for a total of 50 iPods. The buyer of the 100 millionth song would receive a PowerBook, iPod, and US$10,000 gift certificate to the iTunes Music Store.

2. 100 million songs
Ten days later, on July 11, Apple announced that 100 million songs had been sold through the iTunes Music Store. The 100 millionth song was titled "Somersault (Dangermouse Remix)" by Zero 7, purchased by Kevin Britten of Hays, Kansas. He then received a phone call from Apple CEO Steve Jobs, who offered his congratulations, as well as a 40 GB 3rd Generation iPod laser-engraved with a message of thanks. 3. Half a Billion Songs
On July 5, 2005, Apple announced that they were counting down to half a billion songs. The buyer of every 100 thousandth song up to 500 million would receive an iPod Mini and a 50-song gift card. The grand prize for the person who downloads the 500 millionth song was 10 iPods of their choice, a 10,000-song gift card, 10 50-song gift cards or 4 tickets to the Coldplay world tour. Twelve days later, on July 17, Apple announced that 500 million songs had been sold through the iTunes Music Store. The 500 millionth song, purchased by Amy Greer of Lafayette, Indiana, was "Mississippi Girl" by Faith Hill. 4. Billionth Song
On February 7, 2006, Apple announced that they were counting down to the billionth song download and began a promotion similar to the previous 100 million and 500 million countdown. Whoever downloaded the billionth song would receive a 20" iMac, ten 60 GB iPods, and a US$10,000 iTunes Music Card. The billionth song was purchased on February 23, 2006 by Alex Ostrovsky of West Bloomfield, Michigan. The purchased song was "Speed of Sound" as part of Coldplay's X&Y album. 5. Ten Billionth Song
On February 11, 2010 Apple announced that it would be counting down to 10 billion songs downloaded. A $10,000 gift card was offered as a prize. On February 24, 2010, the 10 billionth song, "Guess Things Happen That Way" by Johnny Cash, was purchased by Louie Sulcer of Woodstock, Georgia.
III Coupons
Some examples 1) 69 cents songs at the ITunes Store – Coupons from retailmenot.com 2) 158 Ray Charles Songs on ITunes Store, 5.99$ 3) 50% off with iTunes Promo-Code & Coupons
Apple iTunes coupons are easily available online, this very fact makes the global crowd look towards the opportunity to obtain original music, sitting in their homes on their personal computers instead of wasting money via travelling and going to a music retailer
IV - Viral Promotions
‘Click on free music tab on the iTunes facebook page to get 10 free songs!’
Viral promotions & viral marketing
The unscrupulous use of astroturfing online combined with undermarket advertising in shopping centres to create the impression of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm.
Facebook page promotions, twitter, myspace and other Social Networking Sites are good for viral marketing and promotions a major chunk of the people who ‘like and are likeable to purchase music’ are on Social Networking Sites and access Social Networking Sites on a daily basis, thus by promoting it on Social Media Platforms not only iTunes but most companies have successfully promoted their products.
V Samples & Demos iTunes Store facilitates the option of listening to Sample Tracks & Demo Tracks to iTunes Users, it allows the user to listen to a track of their choice for ‘ninety seconds’. Earlier it used to be thirty seconds then later on it was increased to ninety in 2010.
VI Frequent Buyers
‘Complete My Album’
This option is available to the users who have purchased one or more songs from an eligible album. They could now complete the album without having to pay the full album price, and instead of receiving the album in its entirety, users would receive the songs they had not previously purchased.
VII Gift Certificates and Referrals iTunes Gift Cards can be bought in different styles and denominations from Apple and from thousands of other retailers. It doesn’t matter which card, recipients could redeem it for whatever they want to buy – songs, movies etc.
The range of gift card is from 10$ to 100$ normally but on special occasions it may be more.
VIII Advertising
ITunes normally advertises on:- 1. Websites, as popups 2. Youtube 3. Social Networking Sites

To Sum up, Apple iTunes Store
Even though Apple iTunes store is an online store & there is no physical store, Apple iTunes is easily the most successful music retailer in the world so far because of the simple reason that they knew and know how to use technology as their advantage and roll the dice accordingly.
Music is after all IP(Intellectual Property) and is stored eventually in a medium such as a mp3 players( ipods, cellphones, zune etc), tablets, laptops and PC. They not only reduced the channels a customer would have to deal with but same with the music artists who want to sell their own music. iTunes have successfully cleared the lovers of music with transportation expenses, and a major reason why its successful because in the end the customer have to listen to it in his house, and if he can get what he want in his house then it so much pleasing. iTunes users save on transport expenditure and being an iTunes user has become a status symbol as well.

Planet M

Planet M is an Indian music retail store founded by The Times Group (BCCL). It was sold to Next Retail India Ltd. of Mumbai, the retail arm of Videocon, in Nov 2007. It is present in many cities (140-plus locations) all over India. These stores are mainly known for selling music and movies and related accessories. They also sell gaming consoles and handhelds like PlayStation Portable, PS2, PS3 and Xbox 360. Planet M is also a new entrant in the mobile retail business. They offer a wide range of mobile handsets with lucrative schemes.
Planet M like any other music retailer would be obviously be competing with Apple ITunes Store even if it’s not exactly on a virtual platform. But it does keep it sales going at the end of the day.
The Assessment of Promotional Activities done by Planet M
The following tools are normally used by Planet M as their means of promotional activities

I Contests * Insists consumer to compete and prizes are on the basis of skill. * Winner is decided on the basis of skill rather than luck.
An in-store activity was initiated on September 12th, 2008 in Mumbai and continued for 10 days. The activity, Treasure Galaxy, was carried out for a day in each of the 10 Planet M stores in the city. * A visitor gets a clue at a store * Digging into the Treasure Trove * Gallery of the Snap n Share contest
People were informed of the treasure hunt in Planet M stores through print, radio and leaflets and flyers in colleges and youth hangouts. The leaflets contained a code that had to be cracked to identify the stores where the activity was being carried out. The people who solved the puzzle could walk into the store to participate in the hunt.
A Yomo representative at the store presented the people who walked in with a clue based, multiple choice question. Those who could answer the question received spot prizes decided by picking a chit from the Treasure Trove.
II Coupons * Allows buyer a reduction in price on specific merchandise or products * Delivered by various channels.
Coupons have played quite a role in bringing in customers and increasing the sales in Planet M, schemes like “Rs 49 to get flat 40% on International Best seller movie packs @ Planet M” & various online websites providing coupons giving free coupons like ‘khorjguru.com/planet-m-coupons-codes’ etc give an incentive to the youth crowd to buy their choice of ‘original music’ at a reduced rate.
III Frequent Shoppers * Customer gets benefited in repeat purchases * Special offers for regular shoppers. * Invitation to sponsored programmes. * EMI schemes, Discount Cards.
Planet M have had a card system in the past by which one could get a Planet M Card from the store itself, from the frequency of purchases the points would be added to it and after attaining certain number of points customers would benefit from it by getting to buy products at a reduced rate.
IV Advertisements
Planet M advertises by the means of:- 1. Radio 2. Flyers 3. Hoardings 4. Leaflets & Flyers 5. Viral Marketing 6. Word of Mouth at Youth Hangout Spots
Planet M has by means been successful in advertising as it is well known amongst the youth throughout the Indian Subcontinent, thus by analysing this fact we can assume that it has been successful in covering the market segment it wanted to cover geographically and by age.
V Samples
Planet M features an in store section where customers can play sample tracks of the music they want would like to purchase and hear them via headphones. It is apparently very popular amongst the youth especially teenagers as they make Planet M a youth hangout Spot.
VI Point of Purchase (POP) Displays
Posters, Waterfall racks, Banners, CDs/Dvd/Sections and music related merchandise
The POPs which are easily noticeable inside the shops are :- 1. Posters 2. Waterfall Display Racks – CD/DVD and various other sections 3. Music Related Merchandise strategically placed where it is easily noticeable and can be identified. 4. In Store Banner of Bands/Artists 5. Huge Planet M Posters
This makes the store very youth friendly as the trendy look the store gives makes the store’s atmosphere friendlier for the youth crowd. Thus Planet M proves to be popular amongst the youth of India.
Fighting Drop in Sales of Music CDs. Retail outlets
On 2008 Amod Naik said that to fight the drop of Sales of Music CD’s retail outlets they would have to seek other options to sustain the stores also he stated that the sales of CD’s especially Bollywood were going down. He also claimed that they were facing a loss because of the reduced purchases of music CDs.
He told in an interview that Planet M was working on a concept that time. The idea was to walk in hand with digital downloading. The stores would have kiosks placed with downloading software and customers can download the songs available with the store. The plan was to tie up with content providers and music companies. The songs could be downloaded at an ascertained price.
2 - To Sum up On Planet M
Planet M has proven to be successful in getting the recognition of the youth segment and focused in acquiring a market share in the Indian Music Retail Market. It I s widely recognized by almost everyone and it has its stores all across the Indian Sub-Continent. It can be said that the promotional activities are quite successful.

Kirana Music Stores
Kirana music stores are basically stores near to your house, they are not branded retailers. But they would generally have the things you need and such is the case with Kirana Music Stores
Kirana Music Stores generally don’t have much promotion but owners get enough sales to make a decent living, but how. In India even though we are on the verge be being called a developed nations quite a major chunk of the population don’t have access to the internet – that is the lower middle class and the classes below it if its differentiated on this basis.
Now these Kirana stores sell Music CDs, and Movie DVDs at a nominal rate as compared to Planet. We can easily say that it is not competing with Apple iTunes by the very fact that the segments Kirana stores serve to does not have access to the internet.
Kirana Stores need not promote as they do not require, as because of their location they are automatically advertised through word of mouth.

Statistical Data
Recorded Music Sales: actual sales and forecast

Age the years go by and technology being advanced in each and every seconds market sales get affected by this change. From the statistics obtained it can be easily be identified that by the advent of the digital age the total number of digital sales have been increasing at an exponential rate and the physical sales is dropping at that very rate!

Apple iTunes Music Store Sales Growth
Why focus on apple iTunes? The very simple reason that success of apple need to be identified and shared. Apple focused on the coming of digital age beforehand and prepared a market base for it. iTunes was the first of its kind.
Sales grew at an exponential rate and no one could acutally match up with itunes in its intial stages. Now the sales of iTunes have grown to over 10 billion.

Digital Music Sales Share iTunes is easily popular and has a market base. The arrival of other online music retailers didn’t stop itunes music sales from going down. Rhapsody Zune and various similar platform stood nowhere near the success stories of apple. Apple was successful in creating a monopoly in the online music retail industry for quite period of time

Legal Downloaded Music v/s Illegal Downloaded Music

The sad reality put before us is that as the digitalism gets deeper and deeper the amount of illegal data that can be downloaded from the internet is enormous. People may or may not know this fact but by downloading via torrent and other unauthorized websites they are infringing copyright laws and breaking the law.
The statistics indicate that 63% of the downloaded music from the internet is illegal and only 37% of the downloaded music content is legal.
There are many reasons to believe so and about this we will talk in the lacuna and recommendation part of the project.

Music Piracy Ranking

This statistics done by statistica connotes the amount of illegal music content downloaded from the internet. Sadly India comes in the top 10 list even if its 8th.
But from the statistics we can easily see how much music is readily available via illegal sources just by sitting in our own houses.
Piracy is killing physical sales and also taking a huge toll on Digital Media.

Lacunas in the field of Music Retailing
Music Piracy 1. The music industry's own research and opinions on the subject support the idea that unauthorized distribution of music is killing both sales growth and profits. The result: music costs more to produce, there's greater risk in signing smaller acts with uncertain audiences, and the lower sales volumes have forced the labels to raise the retail price of CDs. 2. The real customers are people who buy music. They buy millions of CDs every year, and an increasing number are buying song downloads online. This pool of people makes up the sweet spot. Record labels take them for granted, and focus most of their efforts on trying to herd people from the first two groups into this population, using threats of lawsuits and other forms of intimidation, including the use of often excessive DRM aimed to force paying users from ever leaving the pool and joining those who don't pay for what they want.
Lack of Promotional Activities along with the Actual Artists that make Music

These are the two major lacunas identified in this project

Recommendations 1. Music Sharing can’t be stopped, it’s a fact, in fact is cancerous, the more you try to stop it the more it hurts before the actual thing is done. 2. Promotional activities should be done along with the actual artists that compose music. 3. Television advertisements is an unexplored field of advertisements for Music Retailers 4. The prices of Music CDs ad DVDs should be cheaper 5. More focus of Digital Channels than Physical for Music Retailers.

Bibliography
Websites
1. Apple Company, “Apple Press Info – Press Releases,” Apple Company Website, http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/04/03iTunes-Store-Top-Music-Retailer-in-the-US.html, accessed February 2013 9
Blogs
1. Daniel Eran Dilger, “Is Piracy Really Killing the Music Industry,” March 7, 2007, post on blog “Music Business,” RoughlyDrafted Magazine, http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/708F20CD-E67D-45C7-AF95-3E1A6AC07C37.html, accessed February 2013 32 2. Jacqui Cheng, “Apple and Facebook partner up for back-to-school iTunes promo” July 26, 2006 post on blog 15 3. John Fagot, “Music Retail in the 1980s and 1990s,” February 23, 2008, post on blog “Music Business,” Helium, http://www.helium.com/ ,accessed February 2013. 7 4. Riya V Anandwala, “Planet M to go digital as music sales wane,” July 28th 2007 post on blog “BOC Businessofcinema” Music/Cinema related Blog, http://businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/planet-m-to-go-digital-as-music-sales-wane/19558, accessed February 2008 25
Statistical Hyperlinks 1. Statistics taken from Blog, “Mac Daily News” http://macdailynews.files.wordpress.com/2005/03/050302_itms_sales_chart.gif ,accessed February 2013 28 2. Statistics taken from blog, “marcelsooproject” http://marcelsooproject.wordpress.com/ ,accessed February 2013 30 3. Statistics taken from website, “edibleapple” http://edibleapple.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/itunes-dominance-chart.gif ,accessed February 2013 29 4. Statistics taken from website, “Statistica” http://img2.statista.comuploadedinfografiknormalChartOfTheDay_614_Music_downloads_via_BitTorrent_in_the_first_half_of_2012_n.jpg, accessed February 2013 31 5. Statistics taken from website, “the music void” http://www.themusicvoid.com/2011/01/low-sales-week-ushers-in-universal-music-cuts/ ,accessed February 2013 27 Newspaper (online) 1. Charles Arthur, “Who benefits from the death of mycokemusic.com?” The Guardian, 22 June 2006 http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/jun/22/guardianweeklytechnologysection2, accessed February 2013 15

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[ 1 ]. John Fagot, “Music Retail in the 1980s and 1990s,” February 23, 2008, post on blog “Music Business,” Helium, http://www.helium.com/ ,accessed February 2013.
[ 2 ]. Supra 1,
[ 3 ]. SoundScan is an information an sales tracking system created by Mike Fine and Mike Shalett. It is the official method of tracking sales of music and music video products throughout US and Canada.
[ 4 ]. Supra 1,
[ 5 ]. Based on Data from market research firm the NDP’s group MusicWatch survey that captures customers reported past week unit purchases and counts one CD representing twelve tracks, excluding wireless transactions. The iTunes store became the largest music retailer in the US based on the amount of music sold during January and February 2008.
[ 6 ]. Apple Company, “Apple Press Info – Press Releases,” Apple Company Website, http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/04/03iTunes-Store-Top-Music-Retailer-in-the-US.html, accessed February 2013
[ 7 ]. Charles Arthur, “Who benefits from the death of mycokemusic.com?” The Guardian, 22 June 2006 http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/jun/22/guardianweeklytechnologysection2, accessed February 2013
[ 8 ]. Jacqui Cheng, “Apple and Facebook partner up for back-to-school iTunes promo” July 26, 2006 post on blog
“arstechnica” technology blog, http://arstechnica.com/apple/2006/07/4766/ ,accessed February 2013
[ 9 ]. Yomo was a character being used to promote Planet M as not just a music store, but also a mobile retail store. The agency behind the promotion is TBWA.
[ 10 ]. Planet M Sales are mainly contributed by the age group of 13 – 30 years old, but sales are not limited to this particular age group only.
[ 11 ]. Riya V Anandwala, “Planet M to go digital as music sales wane,” July 28th 2007 post on blog “BOC Businessofcinema” Music/Cinema related Blog, http://businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/planet-m-to-go-digital-as-music-sales-wane/19558, accessed February 2008
[ 12 ]. Statistics taken from website, “the music void” http://www.themusicvoid.com/2011/01/low-sales-week-ushers-in-universal-music-cuts/ ,accessed February 2013
[ 13 ]. Statistics taken from Blog, “Mac Daily News” http://macdailynews.files.wordpress.com/2005/03/050302_itms_sales_chart.gif ,accessed February 2013
[ 14 ]. Statistics taken from website, “edibleapple” http://edibleapple.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/itunes-dominance-chart.gif ,accessed February 2013
[ 15 ]. Statistics taken from blog, “marcelsooproject” http://marcelsooproject.wordpress.com/ ,accessed February 2013
[ 16 ]. Statistics taken from website, “Statistica” http://img2.statista.comuploadedinfografiknormalChartOfTheDay_614_Music_downloads_via_BitTorrent_in_the_first_half_of_2012_n.jpg, accessed February 2013
[ 17 ]. Daniel Eran Dilger, “Is Piracy Really Killing the Music Industry,” March 7, 2007, post on blog “Music Business,” RoughlyDrafted Magazine, http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/708F20CD-E67D-45C7-AF95-3E1A6AC07C37.html, accessed February 2013