...Propaganda is subjective information used to further a particular agenda, especially political views during wartime. They usually take the form of posters, but can also be cartoons, pamphlets, or websites. Historically, propaganda has been around for ages, used to sway an audience towards a belief or set of beliefs. Propaganda during World War I had several main themes: to recruit soldiers, to finance the war, and to spark nationalism. Without propaganda being fed to the masses, WWI would not have occurred on the same level as it did with the use of propaganda. The first way in which propaganda was used in the First World War was to get men to join the military in their respective countries. One recruitment poster features a father sitting in a chair with his daughter on his lap and his son by his feet. At the bottom, it says “Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?” The girl appears to be asking the question to her father, who is staring off into space. This, to me, suggests he did not serve in the war and feels regret for not doing so. This piece of propaganda appeals to the desire to leave behind a legacy. Traditionally, men were the protectors of their families, and to not fight for his country leaves a feeling of shame. The creators of this poster wanted to guilt men into feeling as though they had to serve in order to be the man society expects them to be....
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...Propaganda is a horrible tool that evil cruel individuals tend to use to fabricate nonfactual stories or rumors about other people. The main argument that propaganda deals with is that the opposing group is trying to make another group the enemy. Propaganda makes it easier for an evil group to get rid of the competition. To make it seem more convicting leader of the propaganda would use anything to convince others that they should all band together and get rid of the group that is trying to harm them. An example of this would be the Rwandan RTLM radio Propaganda. The RTLM radio station was the route to all the genocide that was committed by the Hutu against the Tutsi. RTLM is the propaganda that caused the genocide. For instances, RTLM stated in their transcripts or broadcast that "you have to kill the Tutsis, they're cockroaches." "All those who are listening, rise so we can fight for our Rwanda. Fight with the weapons you have at your disposal: those who have arrows, with arrows, those who have spears, with spears. We must all fight. “We must all fight the Tutsis. We must finish with them, exterminate them, sweep them from the whole country. There must be no refuge for them. ‘They must be exterminated. There is no other way." As you can see clearly examine from this quote RTLM clearly had hatred towards the Tutsi. In order articles, I have read they called the Tutsi cockroaches and just like any pest needs to be eliminated. However, from reading several articles such as...
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...Propaganda Used during War Propaganda was used to mobilize the minds of the nations towards war; Propaganda can be explained as telling lies to make people believe a certain thing. But the meaning is much broader then that, it can be a complete lie, but it can be the half-truth, or it could be the truth exaggerated. In basic terms it is making people believe something that they are not entirely told the truth about. Propaganda was used in 3 main types of ways in the First World War. It was used to keep up morale, this is when the truth maybe tampered with to make it seem Britain are being successful in this war, and to make it seem like they are winning. It was also used to create hatred and suspicion towards the enemy; they would do this by lying or exaggerating the truth to make the enemy seem brutal and vicious. Propaganda would also be used to help support the war. As well as recruitment for the army, they also needed recruitment for the war industries (factories, mines etc.) Also they need to conserve resources, by this i mean to ration things and conserve resources etc. water, food, coal. Propaganda would be used to make the people who weren't fighting to feel guilty, so they would work in the war industries to try and help out. Propaganda would also be used to stop drug and sex abuse because they were believed to have a negative affect on the war effort. Also the government would make it seem there were German spies, so everyone would tighten national security. Propaganda...
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...Propaganda and lies in American news outlets What is propaganda? How is propaganda perpetrated through the media and especially in media broadcasting American news? Propaganda is some sort of action based on communication that is made purposely for the intention of influencing opinion as well as the thinking of a specific community so that conflict or disagreements may arise. In most cases propaganda happens through media since it’s the most common place where individuals pay attention to and it normally end up influencing the opinions of so many people. A very good example is how the news outlets in America spread lies and propaganda based on some of the most crucial situations with the aim of protecting specific famous individuals (Fawcett 2007). This paper will show and analyze presence of propaganda in some of the major news outlets in America, the reasons they do this as well as what the opinion of the public. For so many years almost all the news outlets in America have been on the fore front spreading lies and propaganda. Some of the executives, senior producers and the executive producers know what the media is doing and it is under their consent that such this happens. They are involved in all the activities of the news outlets and because they tend to be biased, they use the media to spread lies and propaganda in the American news outlets. (endthelie.com) This has led to so many Americans questioning the integrity and reliability of these news outlets as much as they...
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...different counter strategies by the RSF but propaganda as one of the strategy has been partially covered. The study focuses on Rhodesia Front government’s propaganda as a counter insurgency strategy to the guerrilla activities. Propaganda is the control of public opinion. There are three types of propaganda that is white, grey and black propaganda. White propaganda is the dissemination of the truth to someone’s advantage, grey propaganda is the mixture of lies and truth and black propaganda consists of largely but not total lies. All these types were exploited upon implementation of propaganda at different levels through different tactics. Psychological operations which were executed as forms of propaganda involved planned use of communication through words, symbols and actions to influence the behaviour of the targeted audiences and achieve set objectives. The government’s use of propaganda warfare was prompted by a number of reasons which ranged from economic, political, social and military factors. It is worth noting here that, the tempo and conduct of the war varied from one locality to the other depending on the terrain and proximity to strategical areas like borders, transport networks and close to government’s administrative offices. The study is presented in three chapters. The first chapter outlines the reasons for the introduction of propaganda warfare in Chilonga in 1970. It majors on the motives behind implementation of propaganda warfare before the intensification of the...
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...one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the supreme of excellence. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the supreme excellence. Sun Tzu "The first casualty of war is truth. Rudyard Kipling One need not destroy one's enemy. One need only destroy his willingness to engage. Sun Tzu There are but two powers in the world, the sword and the mind. In the long run the sword is always beaten by the mind. Napoleon Bonaparte In War, the moral is to the material as three is to one. Napoleon Bonaparte We were as hypnotized by the enemy's propaganda as a rabbit is by a snake. General Eric Von Ludendorf, German General Staff, 1918 The British bombarded our front not only with drum-fire of shells, but also with a drum-fire of printed paper. Besides bombs which kill the body, they drop from the air leaflets which are intended to kill the soul. Fieldmarshall Hindenberg, 1918 All propaganda has to be popular and has to adapt its spiritual level to the perception of the least intelligent of those towards whom it intends to direct itself. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"), Vol. I ...there was no point in seeking to convert the intellectuals. For intellectuals would never be converted and would anyway always yield to the stronger, 'and this will always be the man in the street.' Arguments must therefore be crude, clear...
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...mostly hand in hand with media -- only not the regular meaning of the innocent media we know. Media propaganda is the other form of media that is rather described as media manipulation. In this paper, the following will be discussed: first, how stereotypes of ethnic groups function in propaganda, why does it function so well, and finally, the consequences of these stereotypes on the life of Egyptians in particular in society. A fair examination will be conducted on this example of stereotypes through clarification examples and research results from researches conducted from reliable sources. The real association between Egyptians’ stereotypes and propaganda discussed in this paper shall magnify the association of stereotypes and propaganda in general. It seems necessary for this paper to start with some clarification of the terms associated with propaganda. Propaganda can be thought of as a foster parent for stereotypes. Propaganda is known to be the intentional manipulation of public opinion through hidden messages in advertisements and other media functions. Thus, propaganda uses many techniques to be able to deliver theses hidden messages to the public and influence their opinion. Fear, brainwashing, name calling, glittering generality, misinformation and much more are some of the techniques that propaganda uses to influence and manipulate the opinions of the majority. Propaganda finds the usefulness of stereotypes in the fact that it’s easy, fast and straight to the public...
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...Propaganda is used to all aspects of life to rally people behind a cause. In the context of politics, militarism and war it is often associated with authoritarian governments, but it is used in democracies as well. Although the practices of propaganda contradict democratic ideals, many propaganda techniques are more easily utilized in a liberal society that encourages freedom of speech. When propaganda is used in a liberal society, it is especially effective because in a liberal society people assume they are thinking and acting freely, without recognizing the subtle manipulation of propaganda. Although it may seem unethical, the American government and its military officials often use deceitful tactics of propaganda to hide the truth about...
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...MEDIA UND GSELLSCHAFT(media and society) 1) Imagined Community Benedict Andersen (politcal scientist) Without papers there is no such a scene. Nation is a community. Propaganda People who living big citi -monopolisierung -kanalisierung Most famaous propaganda poster comes from Russian Revoluation America kriegspropaganda Kalten Krieg 2)theory of propaganda a)selective perception and selection retention b)die meinungen der gruppe,zu der der empfanger gehört c)interpersnoal dissemination des kommunikationsinhaltes d)you have to convince important people opinio-formers kausalitat zwischen Konsum von Massenmedien und konkretem sozialem Verhalten ist kaum nachwiesbar. Bestenfalls können Korrelationen bewiesen werden, aber nicht Kausalitat. 3)culmination Theory George Gerbner (Media theoretiker) Mean world syndrome. People who watch a lot of tv have this syndrome. Law and Order Status Quo We can prove there is a mean world syndorme.people with this syndrome are convinced world is a bad place also they are convinced vice versa because police always wins. 8)Medieninhalt als ‘Text’ Marxisten, Strukturalisten und post-strukturalisten Roland Barthes Michel Foucault Jaques Derrida Slavoj Zizek Text is important 9) Der kulturelle Kode(key concept!) Symbols we learn and we use it culture. it helps us to communicate it can be anything. Sign, book... different culture -> different code. 10)Mytos Roland Barhes Cultural code are products of ideology...
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...While combating the menace of terrorism, the psychological dimension assumes great significance, as terrorists use violence as a psychological weapon by terrorising the multitude, rather than physically affect a few, and in this sense, they fight a psychological war also. The relevance of psychological operations is much greater than the successful conduct of tactical operations. This article is an attempt to conceptualise the term PSYOPs in the Indian context. The changed dynamics of international relations following the end of the Cold War and changes in the South Asian strategic landscape, postSeptember 11, have made PSYOPs more relevant for the region. It is also important to know that differences between various related concepts like Propaganda, Information Warfare, and Perception Management are waferthin, and may lead to contested perceptions amongst various agencies working under the overall ambit of national security, if not viewed in the current perspective. Therefore, clarity of the concept will set the stage for an effective implementation of policies and help in setting up of a policy structure in India (which does exist today in loosely knit shape) for national level coordination of PSYOPs. Alongside the need for a disciplined, trained, and well-equipped manpower to combat national security challenges, it is also essential to have a comprehensive and effective machinery to conduct psychological operations. Such a machinery must then cover the entire spectrum of the socio-psychological...
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...The Use of Propaganda and the Media by Political Groups Propaganda is a tool that is used all over the world to influence how people think. Propaganda has fittingly been referred to as “the weapon of mass persuasion” by the Canadian Broadcasting Channel. Propaganda can be defined as communications with the goal of influencing the opinion or attitude of a population in favor of the ideology of oneself or one’s group. The messages behind propaganda are almost always political. Governments and militaries around the globe have used propaganda again and again to control their followers. Famous examples of aggressive propaganda campaigns are those of the United State Military, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Emperor Hirohito of Japan and Joseph Stalin. In the past, printed media was the main form of spreading war propaganda. As society and technology evolved over the decades, so did propaganda. The messages hidden in modern media are far more difficult to identify than ever before. The use of propaganda has always had specific motives, but are the reasons behind war propaganda harmful towards society? What are specific ways that propaganda has affected the populations of the world? There are many negative examples of ways that the global population has been influenced by propaganda during war times throughout history. Propaganda produced by the government is almost always under-handed and one sided. There seems to be a formula for the perfect war campaign using propaganda that has...
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...PR History…The American Experience The field of public relations sure has evolved! Review the public relations timeline below, then seek more information from the text and the web to fill in the blanks and explanations. Early American Period -Founding of the Republic -Use of public opinion, managed communications and persuasion Early American Experience -Sam Adams – Committees of Correspondence to distribute the news -Staged Events – Boston Tea Party -Thomas Paine – wrote persuasive pamphlets The Federalists Papers -Letters to newspapers 1787-88 by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay -Pressure group PR campaign to gain acceptance for the Constitution -Used accurate facts and sound ideas -“History’s finest public relations job.” –Allen Nevins Antifederalists -Letters in newspapers criticizing new constitution, urging against ratification -Concession for Bill of Rights -Negative name -Antifederalists went away -Federalists became a party. Early PR Men in America – 1800s -John Beckley for Thomas Jefferson -Amos Kendall for Andrew Jackson. Kendall was first press secretary -Mathew St. Clair for Davy Crockett Robber Barons and the Muckrakers -Adversarial PR & Press Relations -Press Agentry: Provocative act to get publicity and draw attention toward an idea or grievance (P.R. Barnum, 1830s) -First corporate PR department established by George Westinghouse -First publicity agency: The Publicity Bureau, Boston, 1900 The...
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...Manufacturing Consent Questions – Avery Reyner – September 30, 2012 Manufacturing Consent is a technique of control. Noam Chomsky was first introduced to this concept from an author named Walter Lippmann who wrote about ‘Manufacturer of Consent.’ Chomsky augmented his concept to Manufacturing Concept and the philosophy has become so popular it later became a documentary film produced by two Canadians. Noam Chomsky has been called ‘arguably the greatest intellectual alive' (Fox, 1998) by the New York Times as he not only is a very outspoken professor, he is also an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, logician, historian, political critic and activist. The information in this essay was obtained from his video called: Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. Manufacturing Consent is the control of distribution of ideas and stories by media to purposely be in charge of the results and beliefs held by the masses of people that watch and consume those stories. Chomsky believes decisions regarding investment, production and distribution etc. are controlled by a relatively concentrated network of major corporations and conglomerates and investment firms. Chomsky also stated that the major companies are also the ones who employ executives in government and media supporting their campaigns thus motivating and manipulating control in society. Manufacturing Consent is the opposite of a democratic society because the government and media believe...
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...Evaluate the usefulness of the hypodermic syringe model to our understanding of the role of the mass media. By: Amy Rashid The amount of influence the media has on the society has been extensively debated and researcher. The hypodermic syringe model is an analogy between media messages and a drug injected by a hypodermic syringe; which represents the content of media being spread by the medium (television, newspaper, etc.). In this essay, I shall discuss the usefulness of the hypodermic syringe model alongside some other models to our understanding of the role of the mass media. First and foremost, the hypodermic syringe model explains the role of the media in the manipulation of the gullible public and creating moral public. This can be seen from the classic example of the application of the Magic Bullet Theory was illustrated on October 30, 1938 when Orson Welles and the newly formed Mercury Theatre group broadcasted their radio edition of H.G. Wells' "War of the Worlds." On the eve of Halloween, radio programming was interrupted with a "news bulletin" for the first time. What the audience heard was that Martians had begun an invasion of Earth in a place called Grover's Mill, New Jersey. It became known as the "Panic Broadcast" and changed broadcast history, social psychology, civil defence and set a standard for provocative entertainment. Approximately 12 million people in the United States heard the broadcast and about one million of those actually believed that a serious...
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...The Effect of Propaganda on World War II The countries associated with World War II suffered through the hardships of fear among citizens, deficient number of soldiers, and financial depression. In order to involve entire countries in the war effort, propaganda spawned in the forms of movies, posters, and even postcards and appealed to the viewers’ emotions. Movies and cartoons gave people a serious message about the war while simultaneously making the audience laugh, which was commonly lacking during the war years. Not only does the cartoon provide comic relief, but also gives subliminal messages of national pride to the spectators. In the Allied countries, propaganda often was used to belittle the power and prowess of the Axis powers, specifically the Nazis. Visual Propaganda from the United States, Great Britain, and...
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