...| Psychology 223 | Ethical Accountability and Child-friendliness | | Tara Macklin 16870409 | 4/16/2014 | | This essay will be focusing on the research study titled “Monsters in the Dark and Other Scary things: Pre-schoolers self- report” by Loxton and it will evaluate whether this study was conducted in a child-friendly and ethically accountable way. Research is the gathering and forming of collections of information focused on a particular topic or task and with regards to psychology, qualitative research is found to be the most useful and accurate as it tries to find a deeper understanding of the person’s inner most emotions and experiences. Research ethics “are guidelines researchers have to follow to protect the rights of humans participating in research” (Louw & Louw. 2007: 43) and serve the purpose of protecting the rights of participants in any research and consists of a number of guidelines in which researchers have to adhere to. This essay will evaluate this study according to the guidelines provided by the Psychological Society of South Africa which ensures that all the rights of participants participating in research are protected. Research and tests conducted using humans need to be consistent for the group of people in which are being used, such as different cultures or nationalities as well as being “valid, reliable and normed.” (Louw & Louw. 2007: 43) The research ethics committee of South Africa defines its role as “to safeguard...
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...Most people have a sense of being actively involved in shaping their lives. They follow developmental paths that are coherent interms of identifying and effectively pursuing long-term goals and, when necessary, disengaging from goals that are no longer attainable. Even when confronted with setbacks, disappointments, and failures, humans have a remarkable capacity to stay on course and maintain a sense of personal agency. Our approach to the regulation of life-span development focuses on the impressive adaptive capacity of individuals to optimize development across major changes in the life course. The past 15 years of conceptual and empirical work have shown that a central feature of adaptive capacity is the regulation of motivation. An individual’s developmental potential is won or lost by mastering the challenges of regulating motivational processes. This is accomplished by selecting, pursuing, and adapting developmental and personal goals to reflect changes in life-course opportunities, staying ahead of the game by anticipating emergent opportunities for goal pursuits, activating behavioral and motivational strategies of goal engagement, disengaging from goals that have become futile and too costly, and replacing them with more appropriate goals. In the early 1990s, we set out to capture these phenomena of adaptive regulation of development by proposing a life-span theory of control. This theory focused on the role of the individual as an active agent in life-span development...
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...Our society is facing a serious problem that is the age discrimination between women and men. In 1939 to 1979 white women made less than 60 % as much as white men. The 40% gape difference decreased these days, but there is still a wage gap between men and women. There are many claims behind the reason of wage discrimination. George F. Will (2000)” Lies, Damned lies and …..” claims that the main cause of wage gap is omen’s decision to establish a family, so that force them to make comprise for raising their children and that leads them to work in flexible jobs with flexible ours that permit them to enter the fast track.. Another article by Allen Goodman (1999) “A New Campaign for Pay Equity” argues that the main reason behind low wages for women is sex discrimination. She supports her point of view by saying that the gender gap between male and female accountants is 201$ a week and bartenders is 48$. Finally, Lester C. Thurow “1981” claims that the system of promotion is the main reason behind the wage discrimination. Thurow says if men discriminate against women they are lowering their own income so there is no sex discrimination. Thurow conclude that the decade between 25 and 35 is when the person succeed in his/her life is the same decade when women think of establishing a family and leave the labor force or become a part – time worker. The system of promotion and skill acquisition extaract an enormous life time price during the decade of 25 to 35. The lack of experience...
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...Human social perception is a subject that has received a significant level of attention and whose occurrence continues to interest scientists and psychologists. How we perceive others is dependent on a significant number of factors; which are classified as internal and external. This was established through a study by Dewaele and Furnham (2010) which sought to study the personality and speech production among learners who are studying second language. The article had strengths in that it established the effect of voice on perception. This means that the findings of the study can be used by learners to critically examine how perception based on voice or speech occurs and is therefore relevant to this paper. A weakness is identified in that the system used did not make use of a control experiment to determine whether perceptions were different among those who werelearning language as opposed to those who already knew it. In an article written by Klaus and Ursula Scherer (1981), it was evident that all human beings tend to categorize others on the basis of behavior including sociable versus withdrawn, stable versus neurotic, cautious versus reckless and so forth. They further identify that this is a naturally occurring phenomena for any layman, even though they may not use the word personality as it is used in psychology. Psychologists on the other hand have identified behavior constructs that underlie perception and showed that people are likely to classify people in terms of...
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...Anxiety is influenced by many different factors including biological, behavioral, cognitive, and psychodynamic influences. Biologically anxiety is caused when an unpleasant stimulus is presented and the amygdala increases blood flow creating anxiety. Anxiety is categorized as a mood disorder that relates to ones behavior. Behavior such as emotions of fear cause fear and avoidance will create anxiety. Cognitive factors also cause anxiety by ones mind being induced with anxiety when trying to make a decision or forming an opinion. Anxiety has many influences but the increased blood flow caused by the amygdala within the brain is the psychodynamic cause of anxiety. Treatment for anxiety that is most effective is cognitive behavior therapy. This consists of recognizing the anxiety provoking situations and then changing the patient’s reactions to such situations. Biologically speaking there are medications that can be prescribed to patients with anxiety. The most effective way to treat anxiety is cognitive behavior therapy. Expectancy or set is what one believes is going to happen or occur. Human perception is effected by expectancy because one will see what they expect to see and not what is actually being seen. Psychoactive drugs can affect expectancy because they skew ones perception and mind. A student’s performance in the classroom can be affected by expectancy because the student is expected to act and work a certain way in which the student’s behavior is...
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...Azita Beheshti PSYC 305 Week 2 Power is the ability or official capacity to exercise control and authority to reach an objective. The lecture defines: Referent, reward, legitimate, coercive and expert as five different types of power that Sandy, the manager in charge, use’s in order to achieve her objective. The effectiveness of each type of power is greatly dependent on the ability of the Person of Authority, Sandy; to clearly recognize and understand the need and obstacles his/her situation demands, and apply the proper type of power. In the first lecture Sandy utilizes referent power to empower and motivate Danni to do what she needs by rewarding him with a better section. In the other lectures Sandy applies legitimate power in order to guide and help focus Danni to overcome a potentially troublesome situation with the irate customers. Sandy’s legitimate power motivated Danni to use Expert power and minimize the coercive power applied by the customer. The effectiveness of the different types/tools of power varies according to the demands of the situation at hand. A good leader will learn the ability to recognize different situations and problems and learn to apply the proper remedy of power to the task at hand. In my personal experience and based on my personality type I have always found that using referent and reward power has been a great motivator to others and asset in achieving my objectives. People are different, have different needs, wants...
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...Which school of psychology is Wilhelm Wundt associated with? Selected Answer: Structuralism Correct Answer: Structuralism Question 2 Which of the following psychologists was a leading proponent of behaviorism? Selected Answer: B. F. Skinner Correct Answer: B. F. Skinner Question 3 Which perspective of psychology would best explain the fact that polar bears are found predominantly in the arctic regions? Selected Answer: The evolutionary approach Correct Answer: The evolutionary approach Question 4 During a therapy session, Mrs. Brown's therapist, Donald, asks Mrs. Brown about her dreams because he believes that they are a key to her unconscious mind. In this scenario, Donald is most likely using the _____ approach to psychology. Selected Answer: psychodynamic Correct Answer: psychodynamic Question 5 George, a scientist, is studying how the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain create the condition of depression. George's study fits best into the area of specialization known as _____. Selected Answer: behavioral neuroscience Correct Answer: behavioral neuroscience Question 6 A psychologist's research focuses on how ecological changes affect a child's growth. The psychologist's focus fits best into the area of specialization known as _____ psychology. Selected Answer: developmental Correct Answer: developmental Question 7 Which of the following statements is true of industrial and organizational psychology? Selected...
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...Today I am interviewing my Psychology Teacher Mr. Sharpe. 1) What inspired you to become a U.S. citizen? He wanted to be a part of the American culture. He came from a culture of oppression where dictators ruled the land. 2) What steps did you have to take as part of the naturalization process? He came on a student visa, and went through the naturalization process from that point. He took the courses then took the test. 3) How would you describe how you felt about the process? He felt that it was a small price to pay for the freedom of living in America and living the American dream. 4) How has gaining citizenship changed your life? Is your daily life different because of gaining citizenship? He pays taxes. But now he feels as if he’s a part of the American society. His daily life is different because he no longer fears being deported. 5) Do you feel the process was worthwhile? After spending the money required and taking the test and the time to study, it was a small price to pay for citizenship, and I’ve never been happier. 6) If you had to, would you do it again? Please explain. Absolutely. He would do the process again because he feels the opportunities in the U.S. are better for him than in his home country. 7) How does the government you came from compare to the U.S. government.? In his home country the country was very centralized and was more of a dictatorship than a DEMOCRACY *Bald Eagle...
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...I feel that I have worked in the past to be around other people, to make new friends and of course for the income, but I truly feel the income is not as important as rather you love your job or not. I've always loved being around people and talking about God especially. I never looked at my work as just a job but also as a way for God to allow me to help others. The type of work I have always done gave me the opportunity to meet new people and do just that. I worked in the field of retail and had many different customers throughout the years I was employed there and I loved to work with the customers and get into conversations about God with them. Most of them loved it too. I never really put it into perspective that our secular work is just as important as our spiritual work, but it should not take place over our spiritual work. "Your work matters to God" demonstrates just how important secular work is to God. Whether a man or a woman, once you realize how many different ways there are to influence your coworkers for Christ without preaching a word, you'll be challenged to develop a lifestyle so striking and true, the people you work with will be eager to let you talk about what makes you different. One statement that stuck out in my mind that the author made in the article made a lot of sense to me "For those who work secular jobs-- the vast majority of people-- it is about learning all of God's purpose for all of our lives, not just his "religious" purposes (Doug Sherman)...
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...Psychological report on the influence of a mantra Abstract: This study is to investigate whether performance of horse and rider will change when using a mantra. This study is being performed because I believe mantras are necessary throughout life and this study will help to prove or disprove this. There will be 100 random horse riders at level 2 showjumping, completing a 12 jump course in a indoor arena. They will be placed in two groups according to them using a mantra or not(50 in each). A stop watch will be used to assess the independent design groups and then they will be ranked in order of time. Overall the findings showed that the use of a mantra greatly increases performance because there was 26 more riders that completed the course in under a minute in the mantra group. Overall I believe this study will help improve people's performance throughout life with the use of mantras. I also believe this study is very reliable because there is a major increase in performance and there are also other studies that support the use of mantras. Hypothesis/aim: I will be investigating the effects on performance in horse riders when using a mantra or not. The independent variable is the mantra and the dependant variable is performance of the rider Null hypothesis: there will be no significant difference in the performance of the riders when using a mantra. Any difference will be due to chance. Experimental hypothesis:. Riders will perform significantly better when using a...
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...PSYC 406 Quiz 5 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-406-quiz-5/ Question 1 of 18 2.0 Points As many as __________% of inpatients may be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. A.20 B.30 C.40 D.50 Question 2 of 18 2.0 Points ___________________ _disorder is prevalent in correctional settings. A.Dysthymic Personality B.Sociopathic Personality Correct C.Antisocial Personality D.Narcissistic Personality Question 3 of 18 2.0 Points DSM-IV-TR includes 12 individual personality disorders. A. True B. False Question 4 of 18 2.0 Points Converting DSM personality disorder to a dimensional model requires integration with the: A.Trait and Factor Theory B.5-Factor Model C.Sociopathological Model D.Social Constructivist Model Question 5 of 18 2.0 Points Personality disorders are generally believed to be untreatable. A. True B. False Question 6 of 18 2.0 Points And individual with the characteristics of aimlessness, unreliability, lax, negligent, manipulative, exploitative, aggressive, ruthless and hedonistic might be diagnosed with: A.Narcissistic Personality Disorder B.Obessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder C.Borderline Personality Disorder D.Antisocial Personality Disorder Question 7 of 18 2.0 Points The single most frequently diagnosed personality disorder is:____________ _______________ ___________. ...
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...PSYC 406 Quiz 2 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-406-quiz-2/ Question 1 of 17 2.0 Points In the journal article authored by Mittal and Walker (2007),__________ adolescents were considered at risk for psychosis, and of that number _________ participants converted to an Axis I psychosis over the _________ -year period. A.50; 6; 10 B.40; 10; 4 C.10; 2; 1 D.35; 10; 4 Question 2 of 17 2.0 Points According to Mittal and Walker (2007), neurocircuitry implicated in psychotic symptoms may be shared by: A.circuits controlling heart rate B.circuits controlling hearing Correct C.circuits controlling dyskinetic movement D.circuits controlling speech Question 3 of 17 2.0 Points Of interest to Mittal and Walker (2007) is the prediction of ______________ by assessing movement abnormalities. A.affective psychosis B.schizophrenia C.schizoaffective disorder D.dissociative fugue Question 4 of 17 2.0 Points Mittal and Walker (2007) assert the present findings support the theory that hyperkinesis and psychotic symptoms share neural mechanisms. A. True B. False Question 5 of 17 2.0 Points Consistent with the Mitall and Walker (2007 findings, the group that converted to Axis I psychosis exhibited significantly more movement in: A.feet and lower legs B.knee jerking motions C.face and upper body D.toes and fingers Question 6 of 17 2.0 Points The human...
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...PSYC 460 Full Class Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-460-full-class/ PSYC 460 Forum Week 1 Personal Introduction PSYC 460 Forum Week 2 Achievement Motivation PSYC 460 Forum Week 3 Do you tend to be an individual that struggles with stress and anxiety? If not, explain your general arousal personality. What are possible factors that influence your arousal, stress, and anxiety status before an event? What are strategies that you can apply to reduce stress and anxiety and maintain appropriate arousal levels? PSYC 460 Forum Week 4 Ways to enhance social support Ways to increase proximity Ways to increase group distinctiveness Ways to create a perception of fairness Ways to increase similarity PSYC 460 Forum Week 5 Psychology Skills Training PSYC 460 Forum Week 6 Goal-Setting PSYC 460 Forum Week 7 Exercise and Psychology Well-being PSYC 460 Forum Week 8 Part 1: Young athletes participate in and discontinue sport programs for a variety of reasons. Stress can also significantly affect a young athlete's sport participation. Addictive behaviors can influence both participation and performance. In this activity, you'll reflect on your childhood youth sport experiences and determine what factors played a role in your decision to participate in and discontinue participation in a youth sport program. Part 2: Stress and addictive behaviors can have a significant impact on youth sport participants. To help them cope with stress...
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...PSYC 406 Quiz 3 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-406-quiz-3/ Question 1 of 25 2.0 Points According to the authors of the journal article for Forum 3, recipients of social support are often: A.very pleased B.sometimes worse off C.resentful D.well-adjusted Question 2 of 25 2.0 Points According to the journal article for Forum 3, recipients of social support may experience: A.lowered self-esteem B.feelings of indebtedness C.receiving the wrong kind of support D.All of the above Question 3 of 25 2.0 Points The authors of the journal article for Forum 3 hypothesize: A.having insecure attachment history with parents causes one to benefit from emotional support in adulthood B.having secure attachment history with parents causes one to benefit from emotional support in adulthood C.having secure attachment history with parents causes one to benefit from instrumental support in adulthood D.having an insecure attachment history with parents causes no notable differences in response to emoational support in adulthood Question 4 of 25 2.0 Points According to Bowlby, as cited in the journal article for Forum 3, the earliest working models: A.are in response to interactions with signficant caregivers B.are formed while a fetus C.are formed during adolescence D.are in response to cultural prompts Question 5 of 25 2.0 Points Central to the study of psychopathology...
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...PSYC 305 Final Exam Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-305-final-exam/ Question 1.1. (TCO 3) Ethics is derived from the _____ word ethos, referring to a person's inner character and fundamental orientation toward life. (Points : 5) Hebrew Roman Greek English French Question 2.2. (TCO 3) The effective leader holds _____ as a central value and foundation for all other values. (Points : 5) Power Custom Success Truth None of the above Question 3.3. (TCO 3) In dealing with moral dilemmas, organizations typically reflect one of three ethical climates: (Points : 5) Strong central leaders; democratic leadership; no leaders Self-centered; other-centered; no-centered Law of the jungle; agrarian society; free market economy Profit-maximizing; trusteeship; quality of life management None of these Question 4.4. (TCO 7) Committee projects, employee involvement teams, and group activities are preferred by _____ personality types. (Points : 5) Traditional Participative Universal Individualistic Question 5.5. (TCO 4) Organizations must effectively manage five team processes for the team concept to work: (Points : 5) Buy in, accountability, learning, infrastructure, partnering Assembly, identification, organization, implementation, disbursement Conflict...
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