...Child and Adolescent Psych Test 2 Chapter 5-9 a. Cephalocaudal Development: Upper part of the head to the lower parts of the body. Proximodistal Development: trunk outward- from body’s central axis toward periphery 1. Infants growth (slow and consistent or in spurts) b. Appears continuous but actually occurs in spurts c. Weight doubles at about 5 months, triples by first birthday 2. Failure to thrive: identify what would cause it, and what it is d. Growth impairment during infancy and early childhood e. Causes may be organic or non-organic i. Biologically based or non-biologically based 1. Improper love, low birth weight, low BMI f. Linked to physical, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems 3. Identify different parts on a neuron (axon, dendrites, myelin sheath) g. Cell body, dendrites, axon: Receive and transmit messages 4. Understand what myelin sheath does h. Make messages more efficient: insulator of our electrical system 5. Understand how we unfold as far as our locomotion (sit up, crawl, etc.) understand progression of those i. Roll over, sit, crawl, creep, walk (supported and unaided), climb steps, run, walk backward, kick a ball, jump 6. Creep and craw is not the same thing!^ j. Creep: belly does not touch ground k. Crawl: drag belly on ground 7. Visual cliff: why would we use that test, what is it, etc. l. Gibson and Walk (1960) ...
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...Psychology 100 April 11, 2013 Term Paper A problem of mine is that I never get enough sleep, usually because of the homework that I have to do. There are many things that cause this problem, as well as complications and solutions to it. One of the causes is lack of motivation to get to bed on time. I always wait until the last minute to complete my homework assignments, which causes me to stay up extremely late or wake up early in order to get everything done on time. This is because I never have the motivation to do my work unless the deadline approaches. Even when I do not have any homework to do, I can never get to bed at a reasonable time. I stay up doing unnecessary things on my phone and computer, even though I need to go to sleep. My lack of motivation is the reason that I do not get enough sleep. Motivation relates to the factors that direct and energize behavior. It explains variations in behavior as well as why people do what they do. It also explains why people behave in certain ways in order to reach a certain goal. One approach to motivation is the incentive approach. According to this theory, people are motivated due to the desire to obtain valued external goals. In my case, my incentive would be to get good grades. I realize that if I got more sleep or spent more quality time on my homework, the result would be that I would receive better grades. However, I do not possess this motivation. I continue to poorly manage my time even though I know that it will negatively...
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...Lena Davis Psych 2012 Class Topics Reaction Papers Table of Contents 1. From page 155 on topic of “Sleep” 2. From page 162 topic of “ Dream” 3. From page 165 on topic of “Hypnosis” 4. From page 167 on topic of “Meditation” 5. From page 168 on topic of “Drug Use” 6. From page 227 on topic of “Constructing Memories” 7. From page 252 on topic of “Reconstructing Memories” 8. From page 257 on topic of “Forgetting” 9. From page 432 on topic of “Stress” 10. From page 438 on topic of “Positive Psychology” Sleep When we get tired our bodies are almost in a drunken state. Our eyes began to open and shut, our head bobs up and down and we feel as though we can’t go anymore. This is definitely a sign that it’s time to get some rest. Sleep is a way our bodies rejuvenate itself after a long day or night. After reading this section on “Sleep”, I now have a better understanding of what my body goes through. I could never understand why some times when I would take long naps, I would feel more tired than before I went to sleep or why some nights I would wake up in the middle of the night and be super energized. Our bodies go through a cycle of four continuous stages and depending on what stage we are in, when we wake up, may determine how our body feels. I also found out that taking a 20 -30 minute nap or “cat nap” as some may call it, is better than taking a nap for a hour or longer. Waking up in Stage 3 or 4 is your deepest sleep, where your body...
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...The school I had the pleasure of doing my Practicum is Stephen Foster Elementary School. The school consists of about 600 students and 75 faculty members. Thirty of these are teachers and the rest are administration, teachers’ aides, or parent volunteers. The demographics of the entire school is fifty percent Hispanic, twenty percent white, and thirty percent black. My Clinical Educator’s name is Christine Leffel and she is the 4th grade team leader and she has worked in the school for eleven years. The school FCAT grade is amazing; they are an A school. All teachers must arrive at school at 7:30 am and leave at 3:00 pm. As far as I am told the teachers must abide by these rules with no exceptions. Stephen Foster seems like a great school with good morals, exceptional teachers and well rounded students. The school is in the processes of expanding and building new buildings to replace the old ones. The classroom I have been placed in is located in one of the newest buildings; the class had the opportunity to move into the new building less than two weeks ago. I am working with a lovely fourth grade classroom whose race and ethnicity vary. The classroom consists of twenty students; twelve Hispanic, four black, and four white. The class consists of seven girls and thirteen boys. Amazingly, the class has most of their specials on a weekly basis. Math, Art, and Physical education are given weekly; while Spanish and Music are given to the students on a bi-weekly basis. The students...
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...Psychological and Social factors that urges students spread gossip/rumors We should distinguish between rumor and gossip, as each appears to function differently in its pure state. Rumors have been described as public communications that are infused with private hypotheses about how the world works (Rosnow, 1991), or more specifically, ways of making sense to help us cope with our anxieties and uncertainties (Rosnow, 1988, 2001). On the other hand, as Wert and Salovey (2004b) noted, "almost as many functions of gossip have been argued as writers to write about gossip" (p. 77). More than rumor, gossip tends to have an "inner-circleness" about it, in that it is customarily passed between people who have a common history or shared interests. Popular usage defines gossip as "small talk" or "idle talk," but gossip is hardly inconsequential or without purpose (e.g., Gluckman, 1963; Goodman & Ben-Ze'ev, 1994; Rosnow & Georgoudi, 1985; Sabini & Silver, 1982; Spitzberg & Cupach, 1998). For example, it has been theorized that gossip played a fundamental role in the evolution of human intelligence and social life (Dunbar, 2004; Davis & McLeod, 2003) and that it continues to play an active role in cultural learning (Baumeister, Zhang, & Vohs, 2004) and as a source of social comparison information (Suls, 1977; Wert & Salovey, 2004a). To be sure, it is often noted that rumor and gossip can also be undeniably aversive and problematic-currently illustrated, for...
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...Individual Project 1 PSYC120-1201A-35: Psychology and Understanding Human Behavior: The Individual June 10, 2014 For the purposes of this assignment and the ones that follow, I have chosen to select Mike Tyson as my subject. It is my belief that his troubled childhood, meteoric rise to fame and fortune, and his often-controversial behavior in and out of the ring makes for an interesting character worthy of analysis. Michael Gerard Tyson was born June 30, 1966 in Brooklyn, New York. He was only two years old when his father, Jimmy Kirkpatrick abandoned the family, leaving his mother, Lorna Tyson to take care of Mike and his two siblings, Rodney and Denise. She had a great deal of financial difficulty in supporting her family, and eight years later, she was forced to move her family into the tough, crime-ridden Brownsville neighborhood of Brooklyn. Tyson, small and shy, was often the target of bullying. To combat this, young Michael began developing his own style of street fighting, and graduated from this to criminal activity. His gang, known as the Jolly Stompers, assigned him to clean out cash registers while older members held victims at gunpoint. He was only 11 at the time. He frequently ran into trouble with police over his petty criminal activities, and by the age of 13 he had been arrested more than 30 times. (Biography, 2012) His behavior eventually landed him in Tryon School for Boys, a tough reform school in upstate New York. It was here that he was introduced...
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...1. What is sport and exercise psychology, and what are its two general objectives? → Is the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise contexts as well as the practical application of that knowledge. Objectives: A. Understand the effects of psychological factors on physical or motor performance. B. Understand the effects of physical activity participation on psychological development, health, and well-being 2. Described the major accomplishments of the six periods in the history of sport and exercise psychology. What contributions did Coleman Griffith and Franklin Henry make to sport and exercise psychology? Period 1: The psychology of play starts to be discussed. Studies of football and Basketball players are studied in the University of Illinois. Norman Triplett conducts the 1st social psychology and sport psychology Period 2: @5 articles are published about sports psychology. Coleman Griffith conducts psychological profiles on players. in the Chicago Cubs. Period 3: Franklin Henry undertakes the position in the Department of physical Education at the University of California Berkeley and develops the 1st graduate program in psychology of physical activity. Period 4: The first NASPSPA conference is held and proceedings in NASPSPA are first time published. Period 5: The U.S Olympic committee hires first full time sport Psychologist as well as an advisory board is developed. Period 6: Europe publishes he journal Psychology...
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...What event kicked off the field of psychology as we know it? WWII * Who were some key players in the field? * What “schools” of psychology are they associated with? Introspection, functionalism, structuralism, humanists * What were their major accomplishments? * Why didn’t some of these schools of thought (e.g., structuralism) stick around longer? * What is the definition of psychology? The science and behavior of mental process * What is the Nature-Nurture question, and what is the currently accepted view on this issue? To what extent are our traits already set in place at birth (our “nature”) and to what extent do our traits develop in response to our environment/experience (our “nurture”) We are born with traits and develop traits from our environments * What is the biopsychosocial model of analysis? What are examples of factors that make up each of the 3 parts? Biology (genes, brain, neuro-transmitters, survival, refluxes, sensations) Psychology (thoughts, emotions, moods, choices, behaviors, traits, motivations, knowledge, perceptions) and Environment (social influences, culture, education, relationships) * What are some of the different perspectives within psychology? How might each interpret a clinical question (e.g., anxiety)? Biological influences: natural selection of adaptive traits, hormonal influences Social-cultural influences: presence of others, cultural, societal and family expectations...
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...BSHS/335 The family of Woodstock was founded because of the Woodstock Festival that took place in a city 115 miles away. Many people liked the idea of being on their own and living care free. Many young people were sleeping in the parks and roaming around. Many of these people brought very little with them and were looking for food, and shelter. Community people came together and Gail Varsi offered her telephone service and also her home to prevent problems with the people roaming the area and to keep them from being arrested. This was the start of the Family Of Woodstock. Now many volunteers and staff work to answer the phone lines and offer their help. The agency was built to help people. The founder’s committed that the staff would not tell people what to do and pass any judgments on them. Instead they would listen and encourage them to make choices that would benefit them. The staffs’ goal was to refer people to existing agencies, but was also able to fill the gaps when needed. Family of Woodstock has become a lead agency in Ulster and the surrounding areas of homelessness, domestic violence, emergency services, child services, and adolescent services. The Family of Woodstock has met the specialized the needs of the community. They provide many shelters and food programs. Such as Family House, a 14-bed runaway and homeless youth facility; the Darmstadt Shelter for the Homeless, a 19-bed shelter for men and women, primarily in recovery; the Family Inn, a 27-bed shelter...
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...What is Psychology? * Psychology – Scientific study of behavior and mental processes. * Behavior - outward or overt actions and reactions. * Mental processes - Internal , covert activity of our minds. * Psychology is a science * Prevent possible biases from leading to faulty observations * Precise and careful as they can. Psychology’s Four Goals * Description * What is happening? * Explanation * Why is it happening? * Theory - general explanation of a set of observations or facts * Prediction * Will it happen again? * Control * How can it be changed? Structuralism * Structuralism - focused on structure or basic elements of the mind. * Wilhelm Wundt’s psychology laboratory * Germany in 1879 * Developed the technique of objective introspection – process of objectively examining and measuring one’s thoughts and mental activities. * Edward Titchener * Wundt’s student; brought structuralism to America. * Washburn * Titchener’s student; first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology. * Structuralism died out in early 1900s. Functionalism * Functionalism - how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play. * Proposed by . * Influenced the modern fields of: * Educational psychology * Evolutionary psychology * Industrial/organizational psychology Gestalt Psychology * Gestalt – “ an organized whole ”...
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...The True Experiment Research Design A Clinical Research Study Juna Jean Kaplan University | There are so many different sciences in the world. Each one requires research in order to understand the reasons behind behaviors, illnesses, chemical reactions and so much more. True experiments help to test a theory or a drug and its effectiveness while explaining its effects in nature. Testing a new drug and its effectiveness would help scientists to understand, verify, or confirm the benefits of a drug. There are several other research designs that could be used to establish this result however a true experiment is the strongest. I thought of using the quasi-experiment but that design focuses primarily on the cause a treatment has on an entire population. There is little to no sampling involved and there are a great number of threats to the studies internal and external validity. The true experiment allows the research to be confident in the results because there is less threat to the validity of the study. For instance, the researcher is allowed to do random assigning where he places the participants of the study using a procedure like having them play rocks, paper, scissors (Zechmeister, Zechmiester & Shaughnessy, 2001). True experiments are made up of four key ingredients that strengthen its validity. The independent variable, the dependent variable, random assignment and the groups, both treatment and control group. The independent variable is the intervention...
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...AP Psychology, Mr. Kujawa Analysis Writing--Stanford Prison Experiment 13 minutes--www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwfNs1pqG0 29 minutes--www.youtube.com/watch?v=760lwYmpXbchttp 01. Consider the psychological consequences of stripping, delousing, and shaving the heads of prisoners or members of the military. What transformations take place when people go through this experience? 02. What are the effects of living in an environment with no clocks, no view of the outside world, and minimal sensory stimulation? 03. Compare the reactions of the visitors to the reactions of civilians in encounters with the police or other authorities. 04. What factors would lead prisoners to attribute guard brutality to the their disposition or character, rather than to the situation? 05. How and why did #8612, #819, and #416 break down emotionally? Do you think young adults from an urban class environment would have reacted in similar fashion as middle-class prisoners? Why or why not? Do you think women would have broken down emotionally in the same way as the middle-class prisoners? Why or why not? 06. What prevented “good” from objecting to the orders from the “bad” guards? 07. What were the dangers of the principal investigator assuming the role of prison superintendent? the former convict as head of the Parole Board? 08. Explain why it was and why it was not ethical to conduct this study. Was it worth to trade the suffering experienced by participants for the knowledge gained by the research? 09. In...
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...Chapter 14 talks about disorders of childhood and adolescence. Oppositional defiant disorder is argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and vindictive. The examples for this disorder is argue repeatedly with adults, ignore adult rules and requests, deliberately annoy other people and feel great anger and resentment. It is surprising to know that there are as many as 10 percent of children qualified for this disorder. The conduct disorder would be kids often aggressive and may be physically cruel to people or animal, destroy other people’s property, skip school or run away from home. This kind of disorder is more repeatedly violate the basic rights of others. According to the textbook, genetic and biological factors are the cause of those children problems. It is more likely for children become the disorder if their parents are antisocial, display excessive anger, or have substance use, mood, or schizophrenic disorders. We have discussion on whether the video games that feature violence contribute to oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or other childhood problems. My answer to this is yes. There are many scenes like sexual or extremely brutal methods of killing in those video games. Children observe those and will remember the image. As a result, they get numbness when they see it over and over. I have seen many reports about kids commit crime because of the motivation from those video games. I think when they play too much, the distortion concept...
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...Media Multitasking: A Lack of Social Skills? Many people in today’s society may look at multitasking as a harmless way of accomplishing multiple tasks at one time. For instance, one could be chatting with a friend online while listening to music and doing homework. Although multitasking can indeed be helpful in completing tasks in a timely matter, one must recognize the definite price that is being paid for this practice. Media multitasking is damaging today’s students by not only hindering one’s ability to fully absorb information, but by changing student’s understanding of what the term socializing means. In order to fully understand how media multitasking is damaging students, we must first realize what exactly is happening in the brain during multitasking. Those students who multitask during homework may be doing things such as browsing Facebook, checking email, texting, and instant messaging. Scientists believe that when a person is trying to complete multiple tasks like this, the brain is distributing low amounts of information to each task instead of concentrating on one task at a time. This creates a sort of “brownout” effect inside of the brain. University of Michigan Professor David Meyer states that “all the lights go dim because there just isn’t enough power to go around.” This means that even though you think you are giving most of your attention to that homework assignment, your brain is actually rationalizing instead. During this rationalization, the brain...
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...1. A) B) C) D) E) Midori's therapist suggests that she developed a dissociative identity disorder as a way of protecting herself from an unconscious awareness of her own hatred for her abusive mother. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective. cognitive social-cognitive humanistic biological psychoanalytic Michael’s sexual obsession with unusual and often inanimate objects, such as otters and dryer sheets, would best be described as which of the following sexual disorder:. Voyeurism Frotteurism Masochism Paraphilia Sadism Mr. Kalish, a long-term government employee, falsely believed that his supervisor was a communist agent who was putting poison in the employees' coffee. When Mr. Kalish was referred to a psychiatrist, he claimed to be the grandson of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Kalish is most likely suffering from: dissociative identity disorder. agoraphobia. schizophrenia. panic disorder. an antisocial personal disorder. Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from: an obsessive-compulsive disorder. schizophrenia. a panic disorder. a dissociative identity disorder. a dysthymic disorder. Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even...
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