...Philosophy and Psychology Case Study Case 7. HIT AND MISS MANUFACTURING: A Star is Born The head of HR department, Atty. Mila Bravo was directed by the company president to act as leader of a committee whose task is to revise and update the current compensation scheme of the company. The President designated the following as members of the committee: 1. the accountant 2. the executive secretary 3. an employee in one of the operating units 4. an officer of the labor union 5. the internal auditor 6. a representative from the public During the first meeting, the seven members were all present. The president made a briefing regarding the purpose of the group, the circumstances that lead to the formation of the group, and his expectations about the group’s output. The group proceeded to determine the various factors relevant to the determination of the rates of the various jobs. Most of the members of the committee, however, cannot devote the time required to finish the job within the time frame indicated by the committee’s effectiveness. The first two meetings were held without much fuss. Everybody was given the opportunity to air his or her views about the various matters forwarded for discussion. For one reason or another, the accountant failed to appear in the succeeding meetings. He never attempted to explain his position to the committee leader or to any member, but his body language indicated that he was too busy doing...
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...Case Study: Janet Name College Case Study: Janet A case study is an in-depth analysis of a person, event, decision, period, project, policy, institution, or other system that is studied holistically by one or more methods. By gathering data and variety of sources and using these different methods, researchers can use scientific methods and perspectives to relate with various patterns and causes for behavior. In the field of psychology, case studies are widely known to help Psychologist’s and researchers with the assistance to help understand and overcome a person’s illness. While examining the “Case Study: Janet’, the use of psychology’s four goals and the modern perspectives were used to help determine the interpretation of the cause. Description Janet was a young girl that grew up in an abusive household that was beaten by her father as a part of a discipline process. Her father never explained why he used such drastic measures, so she grew up thinking that this was acceptable. She presumed that the only way to earn his love and respect was to do better. There was only one positive influence in her life; an aunt, who was rarely around because of the distance between them. Janet learned early to associate love with fear and trying with failure. As Janet grew older, she began to learn that her father might have been wrong. She began to see the regret coming from those actions, and soon realized that she had control. Janet started to guilt her father into...
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...Case Study Method by Saul McLeod email icon published 2008 Case studies are in-depth investigations of a single person, group, event or community. Typically data are gathered from a variety of sources and by using several different methods (e.g. observations & interviews). The case study research method originated in clinical medicine (the case history, i.e. the patient’s personal history). The case study method often involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing ‘the case history’ of a single participant or group of individuals (such as a school class or a specific social group), i.e. the idiographic approach. Case studies allow a researcher to investigate a topic in far more detail than might be possible if they were trying to deal with a large number of research participants (nomothetic approach) with the aim of ‘averaging’. The case study is not itself a research method, but researchers select methods of data collection and analysis that will generate material suitable for case studies such as qualitative techniques (unstructured interviews, participant observation, diaries), personal notes (e.g. letters, photographs, notes) or official document (e.g. case notes, clinical notes, appraisal reports). The data collected can be analyzed using different theories (e.g. grounded theory, interpretative phenomenological analysis, text interpretation (e.g. thematic coding) etc. All the approaches mentioned here use preconceived categories in the...
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...A Case for Case Studies Margo A. Ihde Liberty University Author Note Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Margo A. Ihde, Psychology 255-B05, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Va. 24515. E-mail: mihde@liberty.edu A Case for Case Studies Case Studies are utilized across many disciplines including but not limited to medical science, political science, social science and psychology. There is however some confusion as it relates to the use of case studies. The first such confusion that must be clarified is what the definition of a case study is and what constitutes a case study. The second clarification is to identify the reasons for using a case study. A third area is outlining the advantages and disadvantages of using a case study. Lastly, when a researcher concludes a case study would be the best option they then must determine where and in what ways would the data and information be sourced. Identifying the answers for these four areas is imperative to understanding and utilizing a case study. Case Study – Defined The definition for a case study within all many disciplines is very similar. A case study is usually described as an investigation into a real situation involving an individual, a group, an organization, or a society focusing on a single subject or object (Pegram, 2000). To begin, identifying a case studies purpose would contribute to determining what would and should be investigated. The study could focus on the “history...
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...SS3150 – Six Approaches to Qualitative Research The chosen qualitative research approach that I chose to use for my research is Case Study. The particular type of case study that I decided to use is the critical instance case study. These examine one or more sites for either the purpose of examining a situation of unique interest with little to no interest in generalizability, or to call into question or challenge a highly generalized or universal assertion. This method is useful for answering cause and effect questions. Some of the strengths of case studies are as follows; they are a good source of ideas about behavior, they give good opportunity for innovation, they are a good method to study rare phenomena, they provide good method to challenge theoretical assumptions, and also are a good alternative or complement to the group focus of psychology. Some of the weaknesses of case studies are that they can be hard to draw definite cause-effect conclusions; they are hard to generalize from a single case and also the possible bias in data collection and interpretation (due to it being a single person that gathers and analyzes the information). In my opinion the case study approach best fits my research paper because it will allow me to look at both the causes and effects that domestic violence has on children. Although, there have been several scholarly reviews that have been conducted of this literature there is still more research that needs to be done in order to fully...
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...Case Study Paper by mvp007202 Psychology Student Liberty University Online for PSYC 255, Research Psychology Professor Jesse Winn April 21, 2014 Case Study Paper A case study provides valuable scientific information that enables researchers to further advance the world around us. There are various methods researchers use to perform case studies and each method serves its own purpose. There are advantages and disadvantages of conducting a case study, and various ways to collect the data needed. What is a Case Study A case study is an in-depth analysis of someone’s complete life history where the researcher seeks causes and patterns for behavior. Case studies can be both qualitative and quantitative, depending on the method used to gather information. A case study could also be done on a group, community, or an event. The goal of a case study is to find how one’s case can be a generalization for others, to find common ground per se, and to advance research previously conducted. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to generalize these subjective studies to a large population of people. (Case study as a research method, 1997) Case studies can be both qualitative and quantitative, depending on the method used to gather information. The most known case studies came from Sigmund Freud. He conducted detailed investigations into the lives of his patients, attempting to provide insight to their illnesses and help them overcome the challenges their illnesses brought....
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...Case Study Question 1 What is a Case Study? “A case study is an observational method that provides a description of an individual” (Cozby & Bates, 2012). The sample size in a case study usually only consists of a single person or organization, but by design only studies one single social phenomenon. They typically use field-related research to produce qualitative data and help to prepare for future qualitative research. Question 2 What are Some Reasons for Using a Case Study Approach? Case studies are useable within the social sciences to help explain rare circumstances or behaviors. In the world of music, the ability to name correctly and consistently an audible pitch without relating it to any other pitches is an extremely coveted talent. One case study by Lucinda Pearl Boggs (1907) provided qualitative data on a participant known as Miss C. Disinukes, who possessed the gift of perfect pitch. Boggs discovered that Miss Disinukes began learning about music at an extremely young age, and that she had very talented, musical grandparents. This research sparked further quantitative research to test whether having early musical education aids in the development of perfect pitch. Question 3 What are Some Advantages and Disadvantages of Using this Approach? Like pilot studies, case studies are very helpful in exploring a topic on a smaller scale initially and beginning a larger product using the data gathered in the case study. For example, a researcher may be studying...
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...Case Study Research Method Definition of a Case Study: * “Investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident.(Case studies focus on understanding the dynamics present within a single setting. (Eisenhardt, 1989)). * “A case study is an empirical enquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon in depth and within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident.(Robert K.Yin)” Historical background: Case study method emphasizes the study of a single individual. And it comes in the category of single-case research designs. Single-case designs have been used since scientific psychology began in the19th century. Psychophysical methods had their origin in the work of Gustav Fechner and were described in his 1860 book, Elemente der Psychophysik. Fechner,and countless other psychophysicists since, relied on data obtained through experiments with one or two individuals. Hermann Ebbinghaus is another major figure in the early history of psychology who used a single-case design. In fact, the single case that Ebbinghaus studied was himself. He was both the participant and the experimenter for the research he published in his monograph on memory in 1885. Over a period of many months he learned and then attempted to relearn hundreds of series of nonsense syllables. His data provided psychologists...
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...Promiscuity- A Self-Destructive Behavior in Correlation with a Lack of Paternal Authority: A Single Case Study Rebecca M Bauman 2015 MAR LIB-495-GS001 Abstract Paternal authority, according to the existing literature, is of upmost importance to the healthy psychosexual development of a child. Women who were raised with a lack of paternal authority can often face significant setbacks when dealing with everyday life issues. Promiscuity as a self-destructive behavior has substantial consequences often resulting in mental and physical suffering. This qualitative single case study was designed to explore the correlation of promiscuity- as a self-destructive behavior with women who were raised in single-mother households where there was a lack of paternal authority. A single intrinsic case study was used to explore one woman’s battle with promiscuity. The data obtained formed a narrative generated by the triangulation of psychoanalytical therapy sessions, a client intake form and the woman’s journal. A case analysis was performed and later reviewed by an attending mental health clinician. The results indicated the woman manifests the self-destructive behavior of promiscuity at the expense of poor self-esteem which directly correlates with a lack of paternal authority. The disruption of the woman’s psychosexual development in childhood negatively altered her self-image. The woman uses transference in her intimate relationships as a desperate attempt to gain control of her...
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...Grenoble Graduate School of Management Behaviors at Work and Psychology Organizational Behavior Segment English Track Year 2 Dr. Joseph C. Santora, Affiliated Faculty October-November 2013 Course Module Description This 12 hour organizational behavior segment of Behaviors at Work and Psychology focuses on leadership. It begins with a definition of leadership, differentiates the concepts of leadership and management, offers insights about leadership traits, and ends with a discussion about various leadership styles. Lecture, discussion, case analyses and experiential exercises are instructional methods used in this highly interactive module. Objectives 1. To establish a definition of leadership through a historical review. 2. To differentiate between the concepts of management and leadership. 3. To present trait theory and discuss various leadership traits. 4. To evaluate and analyze the different styles leaders use. 5. To apply leadership concepts through case study analyses and experiential exercises. . Session 1 Introductions: Personal and Team Arrangements Powerpoint Presentation: Leadership Activity: Moon Survival (do not complete) Case Analysis: Barry Town: A time to lead, a time to manage (read) Video Vignette: Xerox and Ann Mulcahy (do not read) Session 2 Powerpoint Presentation: Leadership Traits...
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...4 DQ 1 Case Studies and Small-n Experimental Studies Chapter 10 of our text (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009) focuses on a SPECIFIC type of methodology. It uses only one participant (case study) or one subject (small-n single-case experimental study).Whereas the case study is a descriptive design, small-n studies study one subject (usually) but within experimental design methodology. This means case studies are a description of something (they are qualitative research because they do not attempt to analyze data with numbers). Single case experimental designs, on the other hand, are a regular experimental design BUT using only one subject or a small number of subjects or one group that is treated as one subject. To illustrate this, how about going to the library in one of the psychological databases (e.g. Proquest, PsycINFO, etc.) or going to Google Scholar and finding an article that reports on either a case study or a small-n experimental design study? Share with us a brief synopsis of the article and a reference so we can all look it up if it’s of interest, or a link to the article. What was the value of the study? How did it help the field of psychology and its knowledge base? I hope some of you at least will choose to do this little project so we can use them as starting points for discussions about these two methodologies. Reference: Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B., & Zechmeister, J. S. (2009). Research methods in psychology (8th ed.)...
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...University of Melbourne Web: www.harzing.com Department of Management & Marketing Faculty of Economics & Commerce Parkville Campus Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON INTERACTIONS: SIX LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Anne-Katrin Neyer1) Anne-Wil Harzing 2) 1) University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Information Systems I, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Lange Gasse 20, 90403- Nuremberg, Germany, Anne-Katrin.Neyer@wiso.uni-erlangen.de 2) University of Melbourne, Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, harzing@unimelb.edu.au Acknowledgements This study was supported by funds from the 'Jubiläumsfondsprojekt Nr. 11618 of the Oesterreichischen Nationalbank'. We thank Professor Gerhard Fink and Dr. Markus Pudelko for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. Abstract Using data collected from 25 interviews with Austrian employees in the European Commission, we explore the conditions under which cultural differences do and do not influence interactions. Previous experience with culturally-determined behaviour and experience working in a foreign language is found to foster norms that reduce conflict based on cross-cultural differences. Time pressure, on the other hand, makes cultural differences, specifically the way that criticism is delivered and the extent of relational-versus-task ...
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...Psychology G544 Revision Notes Psychology G544 Section A Revision Notes Hypothesis Experimental hypothesis – predicts the effect of the IV on the DV. Operationalised hypothesis – shows how variables are going to be tested, by describing them. Null hypothesis – states that there will be no effect of the IV on the DV. One tailed hypothesis – predicts the direction in which results are expected to occur (directional) ie, revision improves exam performance. Two tailed hypothesis – states there is some kind of difference between two events (non-directional) ie, revision will affect exam performance. Experiments Independent variable – the variable that you manipulate (cause) Dependent variable – the variable that you measure (effect) Experimental design |Design |Repeated measures |Independent measures |Matched pairs | |Explanation |Performance of participants in one condition |Performance of participants in one condition |Participants in each condition matched to eac| | |compared with performance of the same |compared with performance of different |other on variables, such as age, sex, IQ, etc| | |participants in another condition |participants in another condition |(so it’s like they are the same person in | | ...
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...Case Study Kimberly Greenway Liberty University What is a case study? In psychology a case study is an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. A case study analyzes the subject’s life to understand pattern and causes of behavior. What are some reasons for using a case study approach? Case studies can be used to collect data that involves a person’s individual behavior. This allows a person to obtain a detailed profile of the person being studied. This can provide clear insight for further or future research. Case studies allow researchers a possibility to investigate which is impossible in a laboratory where other research may be conducted. What are advantages and disadvantages of this approach? Some advantage of case studies can help generate new methods that may help or be tested later by other research methods. Case studies can provide detailed information, as wells as in depth information on individuals. Also, some unusual cases can help give a clear understanding on some situations or problems that are unethical so they may be studied in other ways. Some disadvantages of this approach are that vital information may be missing, or may be difficult to interpret. Someone’s memory may be selective or even inaccurate. The case study may also be difficult to replicate and can be very time consuming. Another disadvantage is it may also be difficult to draw definite cause-effect conclusions from your...
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...A Case Study by any Other Name Cathy Foster Liberty University A Case Study by any other Name Researchers have different methods of observing their subjects. Among the most popular is the case study. Case studies are used a lot in psychology and one of the most famous psychologists that used case studies to detail the private lives of his patients was Sigmund Freud. What is a Case Study? “A case study is an observational method that provides a description of an individual” (Cozby & Bates, 2012). During a case study the individual is usually a person however that’s not always the situation. The case study can also be a setting, which can include a school, business, or neighborhood. A naturalistic observational study can sometimes be called a case study and these two studies can overlap (Cozby & Bates, 2012). Researchers report information from the individual or other situation, which is from a “real-life context and is in a truthful and unbiased manner” (Amerson, 2011). What are some Reasons for Using a Case Study Approach? There are different types of case studies. One reason to use a case study is when a researcher needs to explain the life of an individual. When an important historical figure’s life needs explaining this is called psychobiography (Cozby & Bates, 2012). The case study approach help answer the “how”, “what”, and “why” questions (Crowe, 2011). What are Some Advantages and Disadvantages to the Case Study Approach? Some advantages...
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