...Effects of Stress and How We Manage Emmanuel A. Rios Community College of Aurora Abstract The paper was written to explore stress and effective ways of managing stress since so many people suffer from its ill affects. A general guideline for an abstract has five sections or areas of focus: why the experiment was conducted; the problem being addressed; what methods were used to solve the problem; the major results obtained; and the overall conclusions from the experiment as a whole. The first two sections are very similar and can be grouped together, but do not have to be. If you decide to address them separately, make sure that you do not repeat anything. Often a section can be mentioned in only one sentence. Remember, brevity is the key to a successful abstract. Each section is addressed below to help clarify what needs to be included and what can be omitted. The most important thing to remember when writing the abstract is to be brief and state only what is pertinent. No extraneous information should be included. A successful abstract is compact, accurate and self-contained. It also must be clear enough so someone who is unfamiliar with your experiment could understand why you did what you did, and what the experiment indicated in the end. An additional note is that abstracts typically are written in the passive voice, but it is acceptable to use personal pronouns such as I or we. . http://writing2.richmond.edu/training/project/biology/abslit...
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...Julie Psychology Assignment Psychology and Management of stress Task 1 Outline and evaluate (i) Selye’s (1956) General Adaption Syndrome of stress. The General Adaption Syndrome (GAS) is Selye’s belief that that the body has physiological ways in which to deal with long term and short term stress and its and that prolonged exposure to stress can result in illness. He started this in the 1930’s and based this on researching hormones of rats and found that the rats had stress response to his research. He believed that regardless of the type of stressor, the reaction of the stressor was always the same. (Rice et al 2010p100) Selye’s model has three stages: Alarm stage – This is where the environmental stimuli is viewed as a stressor and the ‘fight or flight’ instinct is aroused and the first reactions are aroused. This is where the automatic nervous system (ANS) is activated and the sympathetic branch of the nervous system to release adrenaline and noradrenaline, which in turn raises the heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration and digestion, slows. This stage is usually disappears quickly through the parasympathetic branch which returns everything to normal. If it continues we then move to the next stage Resistance stage – This is where the environmental stressors are still there, and the body physiologically starts to adapt and adjust. Arousal is still high and the high level of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is still in the body. ACTH will...
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...Stress is a widely debated aspect of psychology; this is due to a number of reasons such as a higher awareness in psychology of its importance to good mental health, and mediated attention in society. In 1998 1 in 5 of the British workforce deemed their jobs stressful, and further studies in 2005 found that 15.2% of British workers believed their jobs were extremely stressful (HSE, Government Statistics). This demonstrates the reason for and extent of research in this area. Dill and Henley’s study compares the differences between the stressors that affect traditional and non-traditional students. This is an important area to research as the performances of future students may be relieved by understanding the stressors that affect them. This review will view the different components of the study so that its significance can be understood and improved upon for future research. This study starts by introducing previous research in the same area of study and explaining reason for the research to be expanded. The two main previous studies they report are Yarbrough and Schaffer 1990, and Chartrand 1990. Chartrand’s study mainly used women rather than men and was on non-traditional students, and looked at personal distress and its effect on academic performance. While Yarbrough and Schaffer 1990 compared school related anxiety of traditional and non-traditional students, they found non-traditional students were under less stress than traditional. The study proposes therefore taking...
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...Outline and evaluate research into the relationship between the immune system and stress related illness (12 marks) Taylor McAndrew AO1 Cohen et al (1993) investigated the role of general life stress on vulnerability to the common cold virus. He found that the chance of developing a cold, i.e. failing to fight off the infection, was significantly correlated with stress index scores. Cohen et al. concluded that life stress and negative emotions reduce the effectiveness of our immune system, leaving participants less able to resist viral infection. A02 Support for research into the relationship between the immune system and stress related illness came from studies such as Evans and Edgington (1991) who found that the probability of developing a cold was significantly correlated with negative events in the proceeding days. Research findings from Cohen et al. and Kiecolt-Glaser et al. both demonstrated that life stress could reduce or impair immune function eventhough they used didfferent methods. This would indicate that stress does have a negative effect on the immune system. However other research evidence indicates that stress does not always have a negative effect on the immune system. In a major meta-review by Segerstrom and Miller (2004), they concluded that acute short-lasting stressors lead to an unregulation of natural immunity which indicates that short-lasting stressors is beneficial to the immune function which does not support Cohen et al. and Kiecolt-Glasers...
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...B.A. Program: B.A. Course: Psychology Semester III & IV (As per Credit Based Semester and Grading System with effect from the academic year 2012–2013) 2 Programme – Bachelor of Arts (B. A.) Credit Based Semester and Grading System S.Y.B.A. Psychology Syllabi To be implemented from the Academic year 2012-2013 Semester III Course Course Code Title UAPSY301 Social Psychology: Part I UAPSY302 Developmental Psychology: Part I Units 1. The Field of Social Psychology 2. Social Cognition 3. Social Perception 4. Attitudes 1.Introduction - Beginnings 2.The Start of Life; Birth and the Newborn Infant 3.Physical Development in Infancy 4.Cognitive Development in Infancy Credits 3 Marks 100 ( 60 +40) 100 ( 60 +40) 3 Semester IV Course Course Code Title UAPSY401 Social Psychology Part II Units 1. Stereotyping, Prejudice and Discrimination 2. Social Influence 3. Aggression 4. Groups and Individuals 1. Physical, Social and Personality Development in the Preschool Years 2. Cognitive Development in Pre-school years 3. Physical, Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood 4. Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood Credits 3 Marks 100 ( 60 +40) UAPSY402 Developmental Psychology: Part II 3 100 ( 60 +40) UAPSY 301 Semester III. Social Psychology: Part I (Credits = 3) 3 lectures per week; 45 lectures per Semester Objectives: 1. To impart knowledge of the basic concepts and modern trends in Social Psychology 2. To foster interest in Social Psychology as a field of study and research...
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...Stress in Clinical Psychology Trainees (CPTs) is based on looking at past research articles by reputable psychologists and suggesting and implementing future training that will provide “self-care” for CPTs’. The article written by Kenneth I Pakenham and Jeanie Stafford-Brown shares current concerns on stress, stress management, burnout, and clinical practices with a need for developing more improved methods that will provide self care practices for native Australian CPTs. “Overall, the discussions in this article targets different aspects of psychology training and finding new developing and enhancing learning experiences that will be favorably welcomed amongst the CPTs in Australia”, as implicated in the Editorial piece of this article written by the Australian Psychological Society publication (doi:10.1111/j.1742-9544.2012.00070.x). According to this article, there has been some inadequate studies on stress surrounding the areas of subjected vulnerability to elevated stress; “incorporated self-care strategies in psychology training”; and ““third-wave” cognitive behavior therapy stress management intervention” and the need for this type of training “is of high priority” (Pakenham & Stafford-Brown, 2012). This is not a research article, per say, but an article that points out the current status of literature provided, due to previous research of reputable psychologists, related to developing stress in CPTs without new self care training implemented in their studies...
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...Abstract Information from Introduction to Psychology can be very useful in real life. Information regarding stress can help a person adjust the level of stress. He can find the best coping method if he knows the basic coping methods and how they work. He will also realize the importance of happiness, and the useful methods to improve the happiness set point. The class also gives the information on several mental disorders, and their symptoms so that students can aware and help those who are suffering from such disorders. However, a person has to aware of the extreme fear of stress and become hesitant in making decisions. The knowledge of stress, happiness, and disorders together with the awareness of extreme fear of stress can improve a person’s life significantly. While every class can provide information and knowledge, receiving that information as lessons, especially useful lessons, is not always applicable. While almost everybody would believe that they are familiar with psychology, most of them have misunderstood or underestimate the meaning of psychology. Psychology is more than a therapy which is used to treat mental disorders and social problems (Weinkauff, 2014). In fact, psychology is a very huge field with many subfields, and its applications are used in not only in therapies, but also in other practical applications (Wade & Tavris, 2014). People can improve their lives by understanding the basics of psychology because psychology can explain both genetic and environmental...
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...Environmental Psychology Analysis Dan McKinney PSY/460 May 07, 2012 Aixa College University of Phoenix Environmental Psychology Analysis The article that is discussed in this report is the reduction of posttraumatic stress disorder following natural disasters. There is a lot of stress, fear, and behavior issues that following a traumatic event like a natural disasters. Most adults have difficulty coping with fear or stress while experiencing a natural disaster but it is especially challenging for children because of the lack of developmental stages of coping with stress and natural disasters. After such disasters children can show signs of distress and emotional disturbance, so acquiring parents, guardians, and teachers provide emotional support is essential for aiding in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder. In me cases children need professional help, therefore educating parents and loved ones to facilitate adaptive coping strategies and interventions is the first step with posttraumatic stress disorder. One must understand the signs after such a traumatic event like a natural disaster in which case executing the proper proven interventions that incorporate play with aid in developing coping skills for children who have PTSD. Many different therapies like Cognitive Behavior Therapy Family Play Therapy are usually the best fit for PTSD. Smith (2011), “After...
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...The Journal of Psychology, 2005, 139(4), 369–382 The Prediction of Stress by Values and Value Conflict DAVE BOUCKENOOGHE MARC BUELENS Department Of People and Organization Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, Belgium JOHNNY FONTAINE Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology Gent University, Belgium KARLIEN VANDERHEYDEN Department of People and Organization Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, Belgium ABSTRACT. The authors investigated the relationships among stress, values, and value conflict. Data collected from 400 people working in a variety of companies in Flanders indicated that the values of openness to change, conservation, self-transcendence, and self-enhancement were important predictors of stress. Participants open to change reported less stress, whereas participants who had high scores on conservation, self-enhancement, and self-transcendence perceived more stress. People who reported high value conflict also experienced more stress. Separate analyses for men and women showed that there were gender differences in the relationships observed between the 4 value types and stress. These data have noteworthy theoretical and practical implications. Key words: stress, values and value conflict CONSIDERABLE SKEPTICISM AND CONFUSION exist in research on values because of the plethora of questionnaires and definitions that have been used in the past (Hofstede, 1984; Kluckhohn, 1951; Rokeach, 1973; Schwartz & Bilsky, 1987; Super, 1980)...
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... Psychology of Health in the Workplace Paper Health and Psychology are overlapping concepts that describe the well-being and mental influences that motivate to respond to their health psychologically and physically. Health can be explained as optimal wellness or type of illness (Sarafino, 2011). In other words, health is whether someone is experiencing symptoms or simply how their current state of their body. This essay will take a look at the interrelatedness of health and psychology, health in the workforce, and lifestyle choices that can be done to deter illness and chronic diseases. Psychology and Health relationship Psychology and health provides a reasoning that an individual personality and mental process influence their health (Sarafino, 2011). For instance, health might be pre-determines biologically such as genetics and DNA. Psychological factors such as negative emotions, conscientiousness, anxiety, stress, hostility, and pessimism may impact an individual health. For example, an individual may become depress and utilize high-fat foods to deal with depression, which in turns contributes to obesity and weight gain. Another aspect on how health and psychology relationship combines is through behaviorism to impact health positively. Few examples of the goals through behaviorism, for health and psychology is motivating health and wellness, averting illnesses, classifying the...
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...HCA/250 Health Psychology Committee Report By Lynda Joy Green Instructor Remo Obertello 2/6/2011 Health psychology is a specialty area that focuses on how biology, psychology, behavior and social factors influence health and illness (about.com, 2011). The field of health psychology is all about promoting healthy lifestyles as well as prevention and treatment of disease and illness. Gadsden Regional is establishing a committee of five specialists in different fields of psychology: a substance abuse counselor, inpatient-only psychologist, child psychologist, adult psychologist, and a clinical psychologist. This committee will work together to study the mental and health illnesses that arise within the Psychology Department and provide specialized treatment in each area of recovery. The Psychology Department will provide treatment and care for a wide range ages and different abuse areas. Everyone from children to older adults, drug and alcoholic abusers, and people with psychological disorders or those just having problems coping with everyday stress will be able to obtain the help they need. The substance abuse counselor will be responsible for coordinating the use of recovery and structured programs substance abuse. The substance abuse counselor will coordinate with a social worker in order to research the patient’s addiction, addiction habits, frequency of abuse, abuse patterns, and identify thinks that might trigger the patient to abuse whatever...
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...Value of Psychology Psychology Abstract This essay contains information based upon the value of psychology in my life. The biggest thing I struggled with is stress. Things stressed the most about, is school, sports and the future. Psychology is basically the science or study of mental life. When I took my first Psychology class I thought that it was going to be all about mental disorders and stuff related to that, but was surprised to find out that it had everything to do with everyday life; mental portrayed into physical and every other dimension of health. The biggest thing that I’ve struggled with in my life is stress. Never have I been able to find a solution as to either erasing it or controlling it to a point to where it didn’t affect me in a major way. Because of this reason, everyday became an obstacle and things just became so much more difficult to deal with than they truly had to be. It’s still something I struggle with to this day, and it will always be there in my life, but through this class I have learned that it is something that CAN be dealt with to a point where it doesn’t control my happiness. Senior year in high school we were assigned to find a topic for an informative speech. I was so lost in finding a topic until I thought about something that I could relate with very well. Then it hit me that even though stress wasn’t or at least didn’t sound like an interesting topic, it turned out to surprise me with everything that I learned about it. There...
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...Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD- Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health problem that can occur after one goes through a traumatic event in their life. Today, military people or people who struggled with challenges, such as injuries caused by the attack on September eleven, could have been experiencing the PTSD. Doctors, families, Psychologists, and scientists are very concerned about this disorder and are finding right ways to resolve this problem. Some scientific studies have been completed over the past few years. The studies were regarding the impacts of combat deployments and their relation to spouse abuse. Research in the article “Psychology of Violence” shows that numerous psychological and behavioral outcomes are related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The most common symptoms were depression, alcohol intoxication, and spouse abuse. The September eleven, terrorist attack, serving in military, and being deployed into a war has a direct impact on soldiers and their families. The article gives us three studies that examined the effects of deployment on spouse abuse. The first study discovered that returning Army soldiers report abuse rates that lasted longer than six months (McCarroll et. al.,2000). The second and third study found no association between deployment and self-reported spouse abuse during a post deployment period neither wives nor soldiers reported it (McCarroll et.al., 2003). In this essay I would like to talk about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder...
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...Health Psychology Committee Report The health psychologist working in the hospital today should have a broad spectrum in which they can treat many different illnesses that will be present in the future as the population grows, and the life expectancy rises. Because the field of health psychology is new, the profession is still in its early stage. They provide a variety of emotional and social changes in the life of a patient who is ill or disabled. They can help in the area of depression, and pain management and anything that can have a positive impact on the patient that is dealing with a major illnesses (Sarafino,2006). In addition, in order to apply psychology to hospitals we would need to create new titles for the needs of the patient. The titles are substance abuse counselor, inpatient-only psychology: child psychologist; and adult psychologist. There have been tremendous advances in medicines that can treat a variety of diseases, but the mental and physical need of many patients suffering long term with chronic pain, terminal illnesses, and stress disorders. There are also many other issues that the psychologist can be involved with at the hospital for example, there is a need for programs that would treat drug and substance abuse, and helping patients to deal with terminal illness and to also provide and prepare patients prior to surgery. Furthermore, there are many different kinds of pain and illnesses that an individual endures everyday of their lives. The pains...
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...Environmental Psychology Article Analysis Introduction to Article Analysis For the majority of the human population there has been an event or events that possibly produced an occurrence that had a large impact upon the persons’ overall perception and ability to function regularly. In some instances individuals are able to overcome the occurrence or event, but for some such events can trigger a potent impact that can create an eruption in their cognitive response, when this occurs it is usually diagnosed as being Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. The following brief analysis was written from context to an article titled “Ecological Analysis of Early Adolescents’ Stress Responses to 9/11 in Washington, DC Area. The following analysis of the article in mention will include a brief description of the article and its contents as well as the 9/11 events. Lastly, a discussion on some of the influences that this specific event may or may not have had on the field of environmental psychology will be briefly looked into. Summarization of Article September 11, 2001 was a day that will be remembered here in America for many centuries to come. On that horrific day back in 2001 terrorists’ high jacked multiple airlines and began their rain of terror upon the U.S. Some of the planes were flown directly into the twin towers in New York City, while others were flown directly towards our nations capitol in Washington DC. Many individuals were greatly affected...
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