Ecosystemtic Psychology
Table of contents
Plagiarism declaration-------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

PLAGIARISM DECLARATION
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Ecosystemic Psychology (PYC4808)
Assignment: 01
Unique number: 199603
Introduction
Ecosystemtic is an ‘‘approach that presuppose a way of looking at human functioning where the focus is on systems and where ecological and cybernetic principles provide the point of departure’’ (Becvar & Becvar.2013). This branch of psychology helps us understand the abilities and limitations of the human mind. Epistemology refers to ‘‘a particular way of thinking which determines how we know and understands the world around us’’ (Bateson; 1979). This clearly means that it helps us to think beyond our thinking capabilities and acknowledge the diversity of the world. This assignment is based on the Ecosystemtic approaches such as epistemologies, theories, models and techniques.
Newtonian epistemology is “based on ontology or set of views on what exists and what humans can, therefore know’’ (Becvar & Becvar.2013). The theory behind this epistemology general system theory which states that “systems consist of small elements but in turn are also part of larger supra-systems” (Becvar & Becvar.2013). The main model is that “ there is an objective reality that can be discovered and that the world is therefore understandable, controllable and predictable ”. It has various techniques such as the reductionism or atomism, linear causality and neutral objectivity. Reductionism or atomism refers to “objects can be reduced to their most basic elements as a means of understanding the whole object”(Bateson.1979). Linear causality is defined as the “the elements are bound to one another by cause and effect” (Bateson.1979). Neutral objectivity refers to “the truth can only be discovered if the phenomena or objects are observed in an objective way and are not influenced by observer”(Bateson.1979).
Cybernetics is also part of the epistemology and it refers to “the basic principles underlying the control regulation exchange and processing information” (Becvar & Becvar.2013). It goes along with the Bateson (1972)’s theory that states that “if you want to understand phenomenon or appearance you must consider that phenomenon with the context of all completed circuits which are relevant to it”. Cybernetics has different models such as the first-order cybernetics, second-order cybernetics and lastly third-order cybernetics.
First-order cybernetic is based on the “objective observation of the patterns from outside the observed system” (Becvar & Becvar.2013). In this order it all about subject matters about our thoughts and how we know what we know and which kind of knowledge we have acquired. Second-order cybernetics “observation are not objective but are coloured by the observer’s behaviour and how he or she observes”(Becvar & Becvar.2013). This order is based on participant-observer meaning that the observer can punctuate differences and distinctions from the observation. Lastly third-order cybernetic refers to “Semiotic systems” also known as the meaning systems. It based more on the social identity, for instance identity such as profession. In all division of the cybernetics the observer becomes the participant of the system
Conclusion
According to the constructivism “People create their realities through the meaning they link” (Efran &Lukens 1985). This clearly means that people relate to their problems from past experiences not from what they observed. It also plays a role in culture context. Punctuation refer “to the activity whereby events or experiences are organised in a particular way”(Keeney,1983). Punctuation also go hand in hand with second-order of the cybernatics

References
1 Bateson,C.J (1979).Mind and Nature: A necessary unity. New York: Dutton.
2 Bateson, G(1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. San Francisco: Chandler
3 Becvar, D.S & Becvar,J(2013). Family therapy: A systemic integration (8th ed).Boston: Ally & Bacon.
4 Efran, J& Lukens, M.D.(1985). The World according to Humberto Maturana.The family therapy networker.
5 Keeney, B.P (1983). Aesthetics of change. New York: Guilford Press.