1. How is reality seen by each approach?
In first order cybernetics, reality is discovered through observation without the observer being influenced in process. To ensure such, the observer place themselves outside the system, where they can observe what is goes into and comes out of it so that they can initiate change (Becvar & Becvar, 2009). In second order cybernetics, the observer is recognised as a part of, or participant in that what is observed. Perception of both the observer and the observed is recognised. Reality is constructed other being recognised as something that is out there. Becvar & Becvar (in Baron, 2007) is cited as stating that, first and second order cybernetics are consistent with each other in the assumption that, reality is understood as perceptually constructed or created. Baron (2007) noted that, reality from first cybernetics approach maybe explained and interpreted from an isolated remote position, while a second order approach is aware that it is not possible to understand other’s reality without being a part of it during the process. The focus on context and communication is of utmost relevance in both approaches. The therapists attempt to understand the context through examination of individual perceptions, meanings and prevailing social system within which the relationships are included. Becvar & Becvar (2009) emphasized that, from a cybernetics perspective, meaning is derived from the relation between individuals and elements as each defines the order. But second order cybernetic therapist believes in …”many equally valid observer-dependent realities which raise an objection to objectivity.

2. How is health and pathology addressed by each approaches?
From simple cybernetics perspectives, health and healthy family is defined from the viewpoint of the functionality of the system. From this standpoint, therapists can understand