...Name Subject Date Public Administration Public administration is to implement law. In the American system, authority flows from the people to those they vote to govern them. While a legislature passes a law and an executive signs it, the law does not implement itself. That is the task the legislature delegates to the administrator, and it is this chain of authority, flowing from the people through elected institutions to the public administrator, that makes public administration distinctively public. Faithful execution of these laws is the highest calling of public administrators and the core of administrative accountability. The Nature of Knowledge in Public Administration Public administration refers to two distinguishable but intimately related activities: (1) a professional practice (profession, occupation, field of activity), and (2) an academic field which seeks to understand, extend, criticize, and improve that professional practice as well as to train individuals for that practice. The simple meaning of the term is quite direct: it refers on the one hand to the administration or management of matters which have mainly to do with the society, polity, and its subparts which are not fundamentally private, familial, commercial, or characteristic, and on the other hand to the well-organized study of such matters. In this simplest meaning, public administration has to do with supervision the realm of governmental and other public activities. This simple...
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...Approaches of the public administration in: (a) The contemporary era Introduction The approaches to the study of Public administration in the contemporary era can be categorized from different angles such as normative approach and empirical approach. The main focus of these approaches is how public administration should be, and also to describe and to analyze the actual administrative situations. There different forms of public administration which are divide as follows; Philosophical approach Legal approach Historical approach Scientific approach Case Method Approach Institutional and Structural Approach Behavioral Approach Philosophical Approach The Philosophical approach takes within its purview all aspects of administrative activities. The main goal of this approach is to find out and enunciate the principles or ‘ideals’ underlying these activities. This is perhaps the oldest approach to public administration as of all other social sciences. Legal Approach This is a systematic approach which is formulated and it traces its ancestry to the European tradition of rooting Public administration in law. Public administration was considered to be a part of law, concentrating on legally prescribed structure and organization of Public authorities. Legal approach came into place at a time when the functions of the state were narrowly limited and simple in nature. The administrative law is an important branch of Public law which is conceived in quite broad terms to enable it...
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...Introduction Public administration is the execution of government strategies for Canada and any other nation for that subject. It also studies this execution and ensures that the civil servants work towards achieving the government goals and objectives. Public administration is both a field of performance and an academic authority that caters for the obligations of the government in Canada. As a field of analysis with miscellaneous scale, its elementary objective is to ensure that there is progress in policies and management that make the Canadian government function (Robert and Denhardt 213). This administration offers public programs management, translates politic into reality, and studies the decisions that the government makes. The Canadian administration also analyzes the policies, and the inputs that make the policies. Public administration works to organize the programs and policies plus the official’s behaviors. Private administration in Canada is responsible for the processes of retailing, manufacturing, and supply of products and services in exchange for currency (Dwivedi, Byron, Sheldrick and Tim 123). The Canadian public administration handles data in a different way from private administration. People who work in private administration do not have the right to get information regarding private industry or business. Canadian government agencies need the private administration to report data like times records, employee earnings and demographics, and other laws necessary...
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...PART I: THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER 1: THE MEANING OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION People form organization to accomplish goals which they cannot achieve individually. One such organization is the government. The people’s involvement with government becomes inescapable since its establishment. It has assumed not only coordination but also the control function or their society. What is Public Administration? * It is “government in action.” * It is “concerned with action in particular concrete situations, but in accordance with long-range objectives.” * It is “concerned with the institutional framework of government, its socio-economic and political milieu, and the behavior of individuals who man the bureaucratic machine.” * It is “that aspect of administration occurring under the formal aegis of government at every level.” Government is a term embracing the totality of all institution through which the state carries out its will. Administration refers to the aggregate of those persons in whose hands the reins of the government are placed for the time being while Administrative services refers to the aggregate of governmental agencies that are necessary to carry on government routine work. What is Management? * Management is the planning, deciding or exercising of control and supervision on some functions of the organization. * Management which is the organ of society specifically charged with making resources productive that is,...
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...been extended towards practical implications. Author stresses, that establishing a decision-making architecture, leaders of the organization can create learning and supportive environment, which encourages appropriate and limited use of discretion. Raktažodžiai: atskaitomybė, atsakomybė, diskretiškumas, etika, korupcija, sprendimų priėmimas. Keywords: accountability, responsibility, discretion, ethics, corruption, decision making. Introduction Few aspects of Public Administration engender more controversy than the idea of discretion. For most, the attitude toward the exercise of discretion must be described as ambiguous and even ambivalent. While the necessity of the exercise of discretion is not disputed, there is little agreement on the normative foundation (Bryner, 1987) for that activity. Yet without a normative foundation, there is little basis upon which to judge the exercise of discretion. Recent literature on ethical practices in the governments of Africa has boldly asserted that discretion leads to the breakdown of the rule of law and threatens the capacity to govern (Hope, 1999). Those who have witnessed the slow slide into corruption that has befallen many a nation make the reduction of official discretion a cornerstone of public sector reform. As Hope (1999) laments: Following independence, most African countries shamelessly transformed themselves from bureaucratic administrations that generally...
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...Introduction To Public Administration–MGT111 VU LESSON 01 INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The course on Public Administration/Management has following objectives: Understand the concept of public administration/ management/organization Understand the evolution of the concept of public administration and its importance Understand the role of government Understand the role and core functions of public manager Understand the structure of government /organizations Create understanding about the skills required by the public manager in imparting duties Understand the changing role of government and role of public managers. Importance of Course: The course on public administration/management is important as every citizen must understand the functioning of government. Besides, whether one works in private or public organization, or one is doing ones own business or whatever the profession, this course is useful as it helps understand organizations and their functioning. It also helps us understand the environment in which we are working. Introduction: definitions, concepts & setting At the end of lecture the students should be able to understanding: • The meaning of PA • The practice of public administration (PA) • Public administration as a subject of study • Definition of Public administration • Public administration, democracy and rights of citizens The Meaning The word ‘administration’ has been derived from Latin words ‘ad’ = to and ‘ministiare’ = serve and ‘Public’ =people or...
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...Professional Ethics Introduction Importance of Ethics in Public Administration The study of the foundations of ethical administration is an important topic to explore when working in a public organization, especially when pursuing a future role as a public administrator. Ethics in public administration is not a transient concept but has proven to be an approach which has shown a great deal of sustainability which is fundamental to the area of public administration. Ethics is gaining prominence in the discourse about governance today. Public organizations and public administrators should strive for high ethical standards and an ethical workplace. “The general goal of identifying ethical precepts is relatively straight forward—to develop standards of “right conduct” that are known and knowable beforehand and apply to more or less everyone—but maddeningly difficult to specify with precision, an even more onerous to practice (Martinez, 2009, p.1).” Organizations need to abide by ethics or rule of law and engage themselves in fair practices and competition; all of which will benefit the public and organization. Ethics is important because of the following: satisfying basic human needs, creating credibility, uniting people and leadership, improving decision making, long term gains, and securing the public. Ethics tries to create a sense of right and wrong in the organizations and often when the law fails, it is the ethics that may stop organizations from harming the society...
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...SUBJECT: Philosophy and Science of Public Administration Topic: Philosophy of Public Administration Public administration is vitally concerned with the efficiency and economy. By spending least resources, the administration becomes result-oriented and Productive. Alongside this efficiency approach, there has been growing Concern about what may broadly be Called ‘morality’ or ‘ethics in Public administration. Government has to serve the common good without making any distinction between Man and man. Efficiency in government thus has a moral tone. Against this background the broad theory of public interest has emerged to provide general framework for the functioning of public administration. There are several reasons for the Concern of for public interest. The members of the bureaucracy constitute Power elite. They are likely to take decision in self interest or under pressure from powerful interest groups. Further, the bureaucracy is a mindless machine that turns out decisions mechanically. The rule-bound administration may look very neat and tidy, but it may not be able serve the wide Cause of public interest and according to Herbert Simon administrative decisions are often based on the grounds other than those of efficiency and economy. Social and psychological factors greatly influence the way the decision see taken by the decision-makers. Thus the importance of a sense of public interest as a wider ethical Commitment in Public administration assumes significance in this context...
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...ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SERVICE CHARTERS ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN MALAWI – A CASE OF SOUTHERN REGION WATER BOARD BY RASHID FRIDAY NTELELA (201004511) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTERS DEGREE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE, BISHO CAMPUS SUPERVISOR PROF. E.O.C IJEOMA 20th January, 2012 1 DECLARATION I, Rashid Friday Ntelela, hereby declare that this research thesis is my own original work, that all reference sources have been accurately reported and acknowledged, and that this document has not previously, in its entirety or in part, been submitted to any University in order to obtain an academic qualification. Rashid Friday Ntelela 20th January, 2012 2 Table of Contents DECLARATION ............................................................................................................... 2 DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Introduction............................................................................................................ 9 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................. 11 Research...
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...Administrator is a Good Politician Renea Joseph American Public University Public Management PADM615 April 22, 2014 A Good Administrator is a Good Politician Introduction Executives do not achieve success in a ‘bubble’; hence, the ability to effectively juggle both the inherent good and potentially damaging aspects of his job requires a range of skills that work to influence and secure both short and long-term interests while avoiding negative outcomes. Furthermore, a successful executive also understands the entire scope of maintaining a sustainable enterprise, which could include the participation of external stakeholders such as elected officials. There have been efforts that attempt to explore the relationship between administrators and political institutions not new. To this end, Rourke, 1976 (as cited in Wilson, 1999) points out that as part of leadership power, one has to have the ability to accomplish the goals of the agency by “ensuring a favorable response to the agency from outside groups and organizations that control resources on which the agency depends” (pp. 241-242). Additionally, without the ability to anticipate change, an organization is incapable of influencing the future except by default (Kearney & Berman, 1999, p. 26) as new legislation and policy decisions have the potential to shape the future. As such, it is in the best interest of the executive to have policy makers decision-making processes based on organized and relevant information. ...
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...MG214 ASSIGNMENT 1 Assignment Question: Discuss the criticisms of the NPM model and what the new developments in the NPM model are The New Public Management (NPM) was formed in early 1980s and 1990s as a result of reforms or change public management styles that includes its structures and processes with the objectives of running them better. Before this new public management came into exist in management sector the early administrations were personal meaning that opportunity to have jobs or other positions was based on loyalty to a particular person such as a King. Hence innovations of ideas or theories came up to change traditional model of administration (old management) and developed what is known to us new public management (NPM). However, the formation of NPM or the use of NPM system creates criticisms from the traditional practitioners of public administration. Such as lack of specificity as to what is actually involved in NPM, there is no agreement as to what NPM actually is and different theorists put forward quite different lists of NPM characteristics( (Hughes, 2012). Now let’s go on by looking at four criticisms when developing New Public Management today. The first criticism of the NPM is the merit-base pay for all employees which means that payment will be paid according to qualification for job satisfaction (Whitford, 2013). Academics develop new ways of managing human resource development in organisation which were administered by the lines of managers. For example...
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...Decision Making in the Public Sector Power and decision-making go hand-in-hand. This is because, as our text points out, power determines who gets to decide. As there are countless strategies and structures in the power and command structure throughout organizations, so goes the multitude of decision-making models offered to those in the power to make decisions. While alike the private sector, decisions before public sector decision-makers require them to make the most appropriate decision in front of them, they uniquely have a higher demand for accountability and efficiency. The decisions to be made in the public sector generally are more complex, dynamic, and prone to interruption than their private sector counterparts. In an attempt to follow a standardized and consistent process in making decisions, public organizations follow formulated processes of making decisions. In this composition, I will offer a number of the models that can be found in utilization today when having to make a decision for a public entity. The principal backbone of making a decision is rational. When making a decision that would not question your “competence, ethics or sanity”, as the book points out, would be to use simple rational. The classic rational decision making model is focused on that the decision being made is the best one being made. Strictly rational decision making involves components including; the decision maker knows all the relevant goals, decision makers clearly know the values...
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...The IMPLeMeNTATION OF IFRS IN The UK DeVOLVeD ADMINISTRATIONS Ciaran Connolly Tony Wall The IMPLeMeNTATION OF IFRS IN The UK DeVOLVeD ADMINISTRATIONS by Ciaran Connolly Tony Wall Published by CA house 21 haymarket Yards edinburgh eh12 5Bh First published 2013 © 2013 ISBN 978-1-904574-94-1 eAN 9781904574941 This report is published for the Research Committee of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Council of the Institute or the Research Committee. No responsibility for loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any material in this publication can be accepted by the authors or publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Printed and bound in Great Britain by Garnett Dickinson CONTeNTS Foreword .................................................................................................................... Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. executive summary ...................
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...the major terms making up the subject, it will further discuss the meaning, nature and scope of administrative laws and administrative ethics. Finally a comprehensive conclusion will be given based on the discussion. There is no universally accepted definition of administrative law, but rationally it may be held to cover the organization, powers, duties, and functions of public authorities of all kinds engaged in administration; their relations with one another and with citizens and nongovernmental bodies; legal methods of controlling public administration; and the rights and liabilities of officials. In other words, administrative law is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government. Government agency action can include rulemaking, adjudication, or the enforcement of a specific regulatory agenda. Administrative law is considered a branch of public law. As a body of law, administrative law deals with the decision-making of administrative units of government (for example, tribunals, boards or commissions) that are part of a national regulatory scheme in such areas as police law, international trade, manufacturing, the environment, taxation, broadcasting, immigration and transport. Administrative law expanded greatly during the twentieth century, as legislative bodies worldwide created more government agencies to regulate the social, economic and political spheres of human interaction (Cooper, 1990). The law relating to public health, education...
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...Having ethics in a complicated environment as public administration is very crucial. Working in public administration a person decision-making is responsible for large group of people. With that said the person making those decisions has to have morals and values. These values are the leading cause of having good decisions makers and bad decisions makers. In Lewis Carol’s article on public interest he makes as strong point on how the government needs citizens to have interest in the government. This helps public managers understand what their citizens want and allows them to do their job better. Lewis brings up an interesting point stating “One critical problem with an approach to public interest that calls for balancing private interests...
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