...Public Speaking and Self-Assessment COMM/110 August 7, 2012 Public Speaking and Self-Assessment * What are the four methods for delivering oral presentations? The four methods for delivering oral presentations are: 1. Manuscript/ or Verbatim Speaking - This is where you write the content of your speech out word for word. This method is better when you are presenting critical facts or statistics and do not want to make an error. Sometimes this method creates a feeling of disconnect with your audience. Practice, practice, practice in front of a mirror until you have a feel for what you are going to say. 2. Memorized Speaking - This is a manuscript speech minus the paper. This speech is practiced to the point that it is committed totally to memory. Using this method can improve eye contact and body language with the audience because your eyes are not looking at a card or paper; and you are free to use your body and hands to get across a point. 3. Extemporaneous Speaking - This speech is usually delivered from cards or a prepared outline. One of the main advantages of an extemporaneous speech is that it sounds spontaneous. 4. Impromptu Speech - is a speech delivered on the spot with no serious preparation. This type of speech is rarely used in formal settings, it usually occurs when you feel compelled to speak on an issue at a meeting. * What are the differences between the four methods for delivering oral presentations? When would it be appropriate to use...
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...------------------------------------------------- Workshop Two BIBLICAL WISDOM Proverbs 15:1 (NIV) “A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger.” Mark 11:25 (NIV) “And when you stand praying, if you hold anything against anyone, forgive him, so that your Father in heaven may forgive you your sins." Bobby Knight, the former coach of Indiana University’s basketball team, had an angry outburst and assaulted one of his players. The university sent him to “anger management” treatment. He subsequently had another major angry outburst and was fired—despite having been one of the most successful college basketball coaches in history! The correct way to stop the whistling teakettle is to turn off the burner. Likewise, the answer to ending angry outbursts is to find the root cause of the anger, and then “turn it off.” Forgiveness will turn off the burner. WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES By the completion of this workshop, the student will be able to: * Evaluate scenarios in which listening has been compromised. * Examine conflict management in the workplace. * Describe barriers of effective listening. * Compare ambiguous and specific language. * Investigate the use of praise and criticism in the workplace. * Create slides using a professional design selected in PowerPoint. ------------------------------------------------- Workshop Two Assignments The following assignments will be submitted prior to Workshop Two. Individual...
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...ANXIETY AND SPEAKING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE BUSINESS STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI INDUSTRI SELANGOR Ayu Rita Bt Mohamad and Nadhia Dalila Bt Ab Wahid Industrial University of Selangor Jln Timur Tambahan, 456000 Bestari Jaya E-mail: ayurita@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This study explores the nature and anxiety of speaking English as a second language among male and female Business Degree students in Industrial University of Selangor (Unisel), Berjuntai Bestari, Selangor. This study attempts to identify potential sources of anxiety relevant to the students’ affective needs or concerns in an institution of higher learning through the use of an in-depth qualitative questionnaire. As the pre-administered questionnaire findings indicate, the differences in the level of language anxiety exhibited by the participants seem to vary by gender. Using various studies by previous researchers of language anxiety as a theoretical guideline for data collection and analysis, this study also discusses some of the influences or impact of anxiety-provoking factors on second language learning, along with some implications for further research on language anxiety. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Anxiety is a negative way to present human feelings. When we are anxious, we feel nervous, worried, and fearful. We struggle, tremble, perspire, and our hearts beat quickly. In general, anxiety can be defined as a complex concept dependent upon not only on one’s feelings of selfefficacy...
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...An Experiment on Public Speaking Anxiety in Response to Three Different Types of Virtual Audience David-Paul Pertaub*, Mel Slater*, Chris Barker** *Department of Computer Science **Department of Psychology University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT 2 An Experiment on Public Speaking Anxiety in Response to Three Different Types of Virtual Audience Abstract This paper describes an experiment to assess the anxiety responses of people giving five minute presentations to virtual audiences consisting of eight male avatars. There were three different types of audience behaviour -an emotionally neutral audience that remained static throughout the talk, a positive audience which exhibited friendly and appreciative behaviour towards the speaker, and a negative audience, which exhibited hostile and bored expressions throughout the talk. A second factor was immersion: half of the 40 subjects experienced the virtual seminar room through a head-tracked head-mounted display and the remainder on a desktop system. Responses were measured using standard Personal Report of Confidence as a Public Speaker (PRCS) which was elicited prior to the experiment and after each talk. Several other standard psychological measures such as SCL-90-R (for screening for psychological disorder), the SAD and the FNE were also measured prior to the experiment. Other response variables included subjectively assessed somaticisation and a subject self-rating scale on performance...
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...Darlene Gil Winters 11:15-12:30 12/02/14 Anxiety Disorder For a huge amount of people, anxiety is a normal response to occasional stress. It’s a normal emotion that everyone experiences at certain points in their lives. Many people feel anxious or nervous when faced with any type of problems. Could be at work, school, before taking an exam, etc. Anxiety disorders however, are different. They can cause such distress that interferes with a person’s ability to live a normal life. Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological disorders in the United States. About 27.6 million people in the U.S. are suffering from different types of anxiety disorder. There are four different types of anxiety disorders: phobia, generalized anxiety disorder,...
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...wanted to bring in that would help reflect myself to the class I came up with three really good things in the end that ended up telling a lot about myself. I also have to admit I felt some anxiety before giving the speech to the class even though I feel as if I do not have much anxiety when it comes to speaking. I think the anxiety came from giving information about myself to a room full of people whom I am not familiar with. The thought of having a good first impression in front of all my classmates is where I believe most of the anxiety came from but after the first time getting through it I never found that to be the problem with the rest of my speeches. I have to admit that my public speaking skills have not gotten better as the more speeches were assigned. I am very disappointed in myself that I am currently not where I should be, especially being a senior in college. I need to prepare more thoroughly before speeches and make sure everything is not only organized on paper but in my head which involves having to practice over and over again by reciting my speech before class. I think this would help my speeches go smoother. I also need to pick topics to speak about that interest me, so that when I am up and speaking, I give off the impression to the audience that I am into the topic I am speaking about. I have failed to do this in my past speeches but I am determined to establish these qualities before my last speech being the ceremonial speech. I also have learned that I need...
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...American children are more likely to develop Social Anxiety Disorder if parents emphasize the importance of others' opinions and push their children outside their comfort zones when it comes to socializing (Chang, 1997). In Asian countries, shy-inhibited children are more accepted than their peers and more likely to be considered for leadership. When Asians migrate to America, there is conflict as they are unaccustomed to “keeping up” with the socialization of Americans (Chang,...
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...THE EFFECT OF AFFECT ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: A REVIEW OF THE ANXIETY RESEARCH Thomas Scovel University of Pittsburgh Although studies of the relationship between affective factors and language learning proficiency abound in the literature, the evidence to support such a relationship is difficult to interpret. Much of the problem resides in the fact that a wide range of variables are lumped together under the rubric “affect.” An attempt is made to ameliorate this situation by defining affective variables in terms of traditional psychological theory and classifying them as a subset of those variables intrinsic to the learner. The conflicting evidence dealing with one important affective variable, anxiety, is then examined, and it is shown that ambiguous experimental results can be resolved if the distinction between facilitating and debilitating anxiety is drawn. Further classificatory distinctions are discussed from the abundant experimentation undertaken by applied psychologists, and an attempt is made to consider the implications of some of this research for adult language learning-for some of the new methodologies in EFL as well as for future research opportunities. Affective Variables One does not have to delve deeply into the literature on the relationship between affective variables and second language learning to discover that “affect” is a cover term under which is swept a wide range of disparate constructs and behaviors. Included under the...
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...A person goes up to the podium to do a presentation. Even before he starts speaking his heart starts to beat and his mouth gets dry. He feels slightly nauseous. Once the person starts talking, the heart keeps beating rapidly and the person hears his voice tremble. The whole body starts shaking. He keeps on stammering and stuttering and prays to God for a quick end to his presentation.’ This is actually a common scenario we see everyday whenever people have to speak before others. By understanding the common scenario, I propose to inspect on glossophobia (fear of public speaking). “Glossophobia”, the fear of speaking in public is rated as only second to the fear of snakes and before the fear of dying. Symptoms include intense anxiety prior to or simply at the thought of having to verbally communicate with any group, avoidance of events which focus the group's attention on individuals in attendance, and may even include physical distress, nausea, or feelings of panic in such circumstances. You may also have shortness of breath, a shaky voice, rapid breathing, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, dry mouth, inability to think clearly, a feeling of loss of control, blushing, stuttering, trembling and sudden sweating. Many people report stress-induced speech disorders that are only present during public speech. In business, the cost is incalculable. Imagine missed business opportunities, being passed over for promotion, being reluctant to attend meetings or verbally report on your activities...
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...Presentations What is Communication? ❚ Nonverbal Communication -body language -eye contact Importance of Communication ❚ Class Presentations ❚ Field Research ❚ Business Communications ❚ Public Speaking Fear of Public Speaking ❚ Population ❘ No.1 fear=Public Speaking ❘ Fear No.2=Death ❚ Stage fright -In spotlight -unprepared -inexperienced Effective Communication ❚ Preparation ❚ Practice ❚ Presence Effective Communication ❚ Preparation ❙ research -non-research ❙ format -speak on what you know -Notes- outline main points -note cards vs. full sized paper Sample Speech Outline I. Introduction ❘ Thesis II. Body ❘ support arguments III. Conclusion ❘ review Effective Communication ❚ Practice - practice makes perfect - revision - get time right Effective Communication ❚ Presence -nervousness- fright is common -Body language -voice tone -gestures -eye contact -positive attitude Things You Shouldn’t Do ❚ Read directly from notes ❚ Read directly from screen ❚ Turn back on audience ❚ Slouch, hands in pockets ❚ No um, ah, you know’s ❚ No nervous gestures ❚ Talk too fast, ❚ Talk too quietly Things You Should Do ❚ Eye contact ❚ Can glance at notes ❚ Appropriate gestures ❚ Rhetorical questions to involve audience Ten Successful Tips Control the “Butterflies” ❚ Know the room- become familiar with the place of presentation ❚ Know the audience- greet or chat with the audience before hand. It’s easier...
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...Learning Experience Paper Brandie Logsdon PSY/103 January 26, 2015 Russell Sprinkle Phobia is where a person is afraid of certain things or situations such as being or speaking in public, snakes, spiders, dogs, clowns, or open spaces. Acrophobia is an informal learning experience of being afraid of heights. This type of phobia belongs to a specific classification of phobias known as space and motion discomfort. Acrophobia can be dangerous, as victims can suffer an anxiety attack in a high place and become too anxious to get down cautiously. I suffer from a severe degree of acrophobia that prevents me from renting an apartment on any floor other than the ground floor. When I did live on the second floor of an apartment complex, I had to keep my window blinds closed causing my claustrophobia to kick in, which in turn, caused a severe anxiety attack. People with acrophobia may also experience other phobias or types of anxiety. I suffer from several phobias like being in public, spiders, closed spaces, and heights but was also diagnosed with bipolar II, PTSD, and anxiety disorder. Acrophobia can have a negative effect on a person’s life by restricting their job possibilities or where to go for vacation and one’s regular day-to-day situations such as changing a light bulb in a ceiling fan or hanging new window curtains. One might ask, how could someone become afraid of heights? Some psychologists debate the cause of phobias claiming that they are instigated by early traumatic...
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...CBT to Treat Generalized Anxiety Cognitive Therapy (CT) or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) was pioneered by Dr. Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, while he was a psychiatrist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Before being hired for this job he had practiced psychoanalysis elsewhere and became interested in advancing the field. While at the University of Pennsylvania Dr. Beck designed and carried out several experiments to test psychoanalytic concepts that delta with depression. Through this research Dr. Beck was hoping to validate the fundamental concepts associated with psychoanalytic therapy, during his studies he was surprised to find the opposite. Instead of validating his previous studies he founded the concept of cognitive behavior therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a term that has a lot of different treatment umbrella under it. It’s a cross between behavior therapy and dynamic psychotherapy. It is centered on the idea that thought or cognitions have a big role in mood and behavior mostly due to false or morphed cognitions. Though cognitive therapy can be used to treat a variety of issues that are in the DSM people can also use cognitive therapy to treat personal issues that aren’t outlined in the DSM. The Farlex dictionary defines cognitive behavioral therapy as “an action-oriented form of psychosocial therapy that assumes that maladaptive, or faulty, thinking patterns cause maladaptive behavior and "negative" emotions. The treatment focuses...
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...Foreign Language Anxiety in in-Class Speaking Activities Two Learning Contexts in Comparison Alessia Occhipinti Written by - Hilde Hasselgård A Thesis Presented to The Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages The University of Oslo in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements Autumn Term 2009 Supervised by 1 Acknowledgments Writing this thesis has been a pleasurable process. I am grateful to my supervisor Hilde Hasselgård for her good advice and continuous support they offered. invaluable help throughout the process of writing this thesis, to the University of Oslo and to the University of Cardiff for useful information. I thank my family, mum, dad and Johannes for the University of Oslo, October 30, 2009 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………6 1.1 Motivation……………………………………………………………………………………………………7 2. Theoretical background…………………………………………………………………9 2.1 Foreign Language Anxiety……………………………………………………………………………9 2.1.2 Debilitating and Facilitating Anxiety…………………………………………………………..12 2.1.5 Components and sources of Foreign Language Anxiety ……………………………...16 2.1.4 Different perspectives: Trait, State and Situation Specific Anxiety……………….14 2.1.1 Foreign Language Anxiety in early studies……………………………………………….....11 2.1.3 Foreign Language Anxiety in later studies…………………………………………………..13 2.1.5.2 Test Anxiety………………………………………………………………………………………………....19 2.1.5.3 Fear of Negative Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………...
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...experienced some sort of anxiety feeling before an important event, such as an important exam, going on the 1st date, going on the roller coaster for the 1st time, and etc. during their lifetime. When this anxiety start to be an overwhelming thought in a person’s mind and causes nightmares, fears, and panic attacks, it becomes an illness, called anxiety disorder. It is the fear, apprehension, and often the expectation of unspecified danger. It is considered a normal natural response used everyday to figure out whether a situation is dangerous or not. How to differentiate a normal anxiety form an abnormal disorder: The intensity of the anxiety; whether or not the anxiety matches the circumstance. The length of the anxiety is inappropriate to what is causing the anxiety. Adequately respond to make a decision in what to do in that our body has alarm us to some danger. Anxiety is a total normal thing and is experienced daily. But when you have consistent anxiety you should start to worry. Anxiety is a reaction to stressful situations that helps rather than hinders daily functions. If we didn’t have anxiety we wouldn’t be motivated to do certain things in life that could be a good accomplishment or help us out. Anxiety Disorder is defined as the occurrence of anxiety without obvious external cause, intruding on daily functioning. Now I will discuss Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is the experience of long-term anxiety with no explanation. Symptoms...
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... I tried desperately to keep my paper from rattling while trying to remember it one last time, My heart dropped as I heard the dreadful words “next”. Now every nerve in my body seemed like a strained harp-string ready to snap at a touch.Every, and or any change in my behavior, and movement was being closely watched by my peers. The upset feeling started to cloud my thoughts, as I tried to scramble the next words to convey. This was one of the hardest things for me to do, but in my case, anxiety disorders happened to be more than limited concern or panic. Many often mistaken mental disorders for weakness or self-indulgence, and because of the serious interior functional impairment social phobia can cause, help is usually not amiable. For many people Infrequent anxiety happens to be a average part of their life, and may not go away. Basically, all phobias are anxiety disorders, clumped in the same catagory as post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder. Anxiety disorders are, essentially, based on fear(Winnerman6). Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia) “is the world’s third biggest mental health care problem today”(Richards1). Despite the brief anxiety, people with social phobia are typically introverts, silent, and not in favor of being the life of the party(Stein,Gorman1). Researchers have shown that there are “several parts of the brain that may be part of “anxiety, and fear; In fact, studies are looking for ways in which “anxiety, and fear” could be able to build...
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