...the public health industry, it is a difficult task to align all efforts in a framework that promotes the overall health of populations. During the late 1970s, hundreds of public health experts collaborated to confront high-priority community health issues. This grand dialogue amongst researchers resulted in the publication of the Healthy People report, which emphasized the impacts of health determinants and personal behavior on the health of individuals. By focusing on preventative health services, health protection, and health promotion, the Healthy People reports challenge public health services to meet specific, population-based health objectives by the end of the decade. Whether the objectives might be to reduce the prevalence of a communicable disease or improve birth rates, all the objectives are intended to meet these overarching goals of the report: eliminate health disparities and promote quality of life for all population members. In the most recent report, Healthy People 2020, the new national health agenda added new focus areas to its objective list; some of those focus areas are LGBT health, healthcare-associated infections, and global health. In addition, the report outlined four health measures to evaluate progress in efforts that meet the objectives of the report: general health status, health-related quality of life, determinants of health, and health disparities. The objectives of the Healthy People reports provide a national standard that public health...
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...UNISA Pyc4811 Assignment 1: Unique no: 805932 2016 2016 Write an essay in which you critically compare and contrast the community psychology and public health approaches to social problems. At first glance, there seems to be a fine line between community psychology and the public health approach, however on further examination it is more than semantics that separate these two principles. Both, community psychology and the public health approach, started as a result of the frustration of main stream psychology not being able to address broader social issues. The realisation that psychology needed to focus a great deal more on community and social change in order to address mental health and illness. Although community psychology and the public health approach seem to share the same intrinsic values, the focus of community psychology seems to be more aimed at the cultural and political aspect of social behaviour and outcomes, whereas the public health is focused more on health and prevention of diseases and self actualisation within the social context. “Whereas public health considers physical health and well-being as paramount to successful living and aims to reduce the individual's engagement in high-risk behaviour and dangerous environments, community psychology is more concerned with the social and political context of mental health” (S. Van Niekerk,2013) Treatment...
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...Public Health Layers NUR 408 April 23, 2012 Deborah Nallo Public Health Layers The focus of Public Health continues to shift with time because of various social, economic, and political forces. Exploring the public health layers of history in the Los Angeles County, State of California, and the United States, and a comparison between public and community health nursing is the beginning to increasing our knowledge toward resources available. The history of public health in the county of Los Angeles, California, was established in 1903 when the Board of Supervisors passed an ordinance for the provision of a county health department (Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 2012). It became a freestanding department in 2006 when it separated from the Department of Health Services. They provide 39 programs, 14 public health centers, and four area health offices in the county of Los Angeles only. Types of services provided are grading restaurants and food markets, inspecting hospitals and nursing homes, monitoring ocean water and providing services through public health centers (Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 2012). Public health nurses help with preparing residents of Los Angeles for emergencies, providing laboratory services to identify disease, and the collection and analysis of data on the health of the community. Los Angeles County Department of Public health updates the residents regarding the changes with the environment after the recent damage...
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...nd, 2015 Community and Public health care is the best avenue in promoting health and prevention of illness in a community based setting. Usability of Pender’s Health Model and Health Belief Model in a community or public health program is Pender’s research focus on health care activities that will promote wellness of people. Health promotion, disease prevention can be more easily established and practice through community mobilization. People in rural areas practice holistic medicine, this may be due to socio-economic, culture and demographic where access to health care is limited or too expensive. Health Belief Model is a cognitively based model that focus health promotion, etiology of the identification of the disease process as it affects the community. This was one of the first health care theories, developed by Public Health Nurses to improved community health programs, in order to improved community participations in health and wellness programs. Healthy behaviors maybe identified by a person perception and behavioral modifications. For example high risk sexual behaviors and the possibility of acquiring the disease process.( Croyle RT, 2005 ) They differences between these two Model – a. Pender’s Health Promotion Model aimed to educate Public Health Nurses, in order for these nurses to become professional patient advocate in the disease process to educate their clients. Through education it will promote healthy behaviors, Pender’s (1987) saw health promotion as...
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...Concepts in community and public health Safaa Soueid Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V-0191 March 16,2014 Communicable disease is a disordered caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Many organisms live in our body, normally they are unable to cause harm, but under certain circumstances may cause diseases (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The mode of transmission may vary; some infectious diseases may be transmitted via contact from person to person, or caused by bites from insects or animals (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Signs and symptoms may vary but very often include fever and chills (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The communicable disease chosen for this paper is chickenpox or varicella. Varicella is an infection caused by a virus called varicella zoster virus or VZV (CDC, 2012). The mentioned infection also is well known by herpes zoster and dates to the ancient civilizations; it was reported in 1888 that a relation between herpes zoster and chickenpox was suggested (PubMed, 2000). In 1954, Thomas Weller isolated the VZV virus from the fluids contained in the vesicles of both chickenpox and herpes zoster lesions in cell culture (CDC, 2012). In the 1970 a varicella vaccine was developed in Japan (CDC, 2012). The vaccine was licensed to use in the United States of America in 1995, and the vaccine that helps reduce the risk of herpes zoster was licensed in 2006 (CDC, 2012). VZV is a DNA virus and one of the herpes virus group, VZV persists in the body after the first infection, that...
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...COMPARISON OF PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY HEALTH Comparison of Public and Community Health University of Phoenix NUR/408 Michelle Hogsed July 7, 2014 . Comparison of Public and Community Health Public and community health work simultaneously as well as separately to protect the populations of the world. Public health focuses on the health of an entire nation and community health focuses on health and wellness of various communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that the primary health care setting within communities should be the first point of contact when looking at the health of the world (2014). This paper will research information about county, state, and national public health resources, describe the history of public health, discuss the differences between public and community health. Information about county, state, and national public resources County, state, and national resources play an important role in the resources available to the public health system. It is crucial for these agencies to work together for all areas to have access to the resources, financial, and personnel, and to address the health of populations (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). Resources at the national level operate under the supervision of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The USDHHS supervises the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Center...
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... * Historical Background & Development pg.3 * Similarities between Community Psychology and Public Health pg.4 * Limitations and Differences between Community Psychology and Public Health pg.6 * Conclusion pg.7 * Reference List pg.8 Introduction According to Perkins (https://my.vanderbilt.edu/perkins/2011/09/intro-to-community-psychology/) community psychology (CP) can be defined as the relationship between social systems and individual well-being in the community context. Thus, community psychologists grapple with an array of social and mental health problems and they do so through research and interventions in both public and private community settings. PH on the other hand according to Last (cited in Gilbert, 1995) can be defined as one of the efforts organised by society to protect, promote and restore the people’s health. It is the combination of science, skills and beliefs that are directed to the maintenance and improvement of the health of all the people through collective or social actions. The goal of this essay will be to critically compare and contrast these unique disciplines with...
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...GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM FORMULATION ANDTHE APPLICATION OF THE QUALITATIVE PROCESS 1.1General introduction and problem formulation Most authors on research methodology stress the importance of pinpoint specific problem/problems, questions or hypothesis/hypotheses as soon as researchable topic has been identified (De Vos, 2005:100). In this document the researcher reported the realities of street hawkers on street corners. According to Lund, Nicholson and Skinner (2000:10) “people who work in the informal economy are those who earn an income outside the formal economy. The researcher chooses to investigate this topic because so little is known. The researcher noticed that poverty is one of the causes that lead people to be street hawker. She also discovers that working as a street hawker is challenging unstable for example sometimes street hawkers experience harassment or abuse. She also discovers that the term “street vendors” in English is typically used interchangeably with “street trader” “hawker” and “Peddler” (Inclusive cities.2012). The researcher also noticed that street hawkers contribute to the economy of the country. For example they alleviate poverty by treating their own jobs. The researcher used qualitative research approach to investigate the topic. Qualitative research approach is when the researcher attempt to study human action from perspective of the social actors...
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...Community Assessment and Analysis of the Hispanic Population in Dallas Introduction Most of Texas’ phenomenal growth over the last decade followed the route of Interstate 35 from the Rio Grande Valley to San Antonio, Austin and Dallas-Fort Worth, a broad swath that included seven of the ten fastest-growing counties in the state. And much of that growth was fueled by the fast-growing Hispanic population. Hispanics account for two-thirds of Texas' growth over the past decade and now make up 38 percent of the state's total population, according to new local U.S. Census figures. And forty-two percentage of the general population in Dallas is Hispanic. "As Census figures show, Texas is becoming more ethnically and racially diverse. Without the tremendous growth of the Hispanic community, Texas would have had very little growth," said Sen. Many Hispanic-Americans have many common heritage traits, but they also have many differences depending on their country of origin. For example, Mexican Americans make up the largest Hispanic subgroup with over 350,000 of them residing in Dallas which contributes to this being the ninth most populous city in America and the third most populous city in the state of Texas. In addition, the Dallas area economy is the sixth largest in the United States. Geopolitical features Dallas is located in north Texas, and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United...
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...COMMUNITY AND HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY – PYC4811 PYC 4811 UNIQUE NO: 657794 Assignment 01 Critically compare and contrast the community psychology and public health approaches to social problems. Introduction to Community Psychology and Public health approach Community psychology is essentially concerned with the relationship between social systems and individual well-being in the community context. Public health refers to all organized measures to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases. Thus public health and community psychology are both concerned with a population at large and not an individual alone. (http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story076/en/). Both approaches have a shared belief that effective treatment should focus on preventative measures that address the causes and effects of diseases as opposed to curative measures which merely treat the incidences and symptoms. (Guernina, 1995). Characteristics of both approaches Community psychology places emphasis on principles and strategies that can prevent social, emotional and behavioral problems and wellness and health promotion at the individual and community levels, borrowed from public health and preventive medicine, rather than a passive, and treatment-based medical model. Early identification and intervention...
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...A COMPARISON OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH. In this assignment the key differences and similarities of community psychology and the public health approach will be examined and critically compared. Community Psychology is a branch of psychology which is concerned primarily with achieving positive mental health in the broader context of the community rather than the individual. Public health is primarily concerned and focused on changing behaviours within the context of the public in order to lower the incidence of disease and lower the workload placed on professional medical practitioners. Community psychology is a relatively new field as far as the behaviour sciences go and was only established as a solution to the capitalistic and individualistic approach psychology had become after the Second World War. It does not stand as a unique and recognised field at the moment as there is little research and theories available in order to support further development. It is for this reason that when faced with challenges community psychology often reverts back to methods of individual psychotherapy. This damages the ultimate process and outcomes the initiatives. Community psychology also criticises conventional psychology for being elitist and only catering to the wealthy portion of the community as well as ignoring the low income groups who require the services. Community psychology strives to create equality to all social groups and therefore can often seem over...
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...Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection NUR/405 Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection My family lives in Encanto, which is an underserviced community with very little resources for theses lower income diverse families, which have many vulnerabilities. In this paper we are going to identify how community, public health nursing and community partnerships can be of service to this community. We will also take a look at epidemiological influences in Encanto as well as look at some nursing diagnosis that apply to this community. Role of Community and Public Health Nursing and Community Partnerships In Encanto the role of community and public health is not in the forefront of the community. Although services are available though the city of San Diego for those in need at no to little cost depending on your income very few residence are aware. There are other community resources and partnerships that can refer families of my community such as the second chance that helps homeless, ex-drug addicts, felons, adults, veterans, youth (16-18). Second Chance offers programs for reducing unemployment; repeat crimes and homelessness, empowering our clients to make sustainable personal changes that positively impact society. “Second Chance also delivers wrap-around services that include rehabilitation, housing, mental health and financial literacy, to get people off the streets and into the workforce” (Second Chances Program, 2014). Another public health partnership...
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...Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing University of Phoenix NUR/405 Sandra Byrd 3/10/14 University of Phoenix Material Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing Identify a minimum of 3 major events (or influences) in the evolution of community and public health nursing and describe how each event led to advancement of the field. For each event, describe the following: Key health issues at the time Perspectives and goals of community and public health nursing Roles and functions of community and public health nursing Community and public health partnerships at the time |Event or Influence: | |Key health issues | | | |1-Events such as the anthrax attacks on the US soil (GAO, 2014). | |Perspective/goals |1-Protecting the public from unhealthy and unsafe environments. | |Role/functions |1-Evaluating health trends and risk factors of population groups and helping to determine priorities for | | |targeted interventions. | | ...
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...Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Cynthia Clayton NUR/405 January 14, 2012 Sandra Winters Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Community and public health nursing provide health education, care management and primary care to individuals and families who are members of vulnerable populations and high risk groups. Public health nurse integrate community involvement and knowledge about the entire population with personal clinical understandings of the health and illness experiences of individuals and families within the population. Community and public nurse focus on the prevention of illness, injury or disability, the promotion of health and maintenance of the health of the populations, they work with communities, target health promotion and disease prevention, they act as teachers, counselors and plays an important role in preventing wide spread illness and disease. Community and public health nurses’ goal is to promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations through the delivery of personal health services to individuals, families, and groups, and also the prevention of disease and disability, to promote and protect the community as a whole. According to Stanhope & Lancaster (2012), nursing has numerous roles including identifying vulnerable individuals and families through outreach and case findings, encouraging vulnerable groups to obtain health services, developing programs that respond to their needs and teaching vulnerable individuals...
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...Progression in community and public health nursing Kristine Porritt NUR/405 April 5, 2014 Karen Wilson Progression in community and public health nursing There has been much advancement in the nursing profession over the centuries but three key points in time stand out; The Marine Hospital Service Act of 1798, The Port Quarantine Act of 1878 and the National Health Department establishment in 1879. These three separate acts improved our medical and nursing system to what it is today; the introduction of pre-paid medical plans, isolation/quarantine for those that are infected and the beginning of medical research. These have been an influential part of how the community and public health nurse can provide the best care for the public. Event or Influence: Quasi War 1798; Marine Hospital Service Act 1798 | Key health issues | Navy seamen fighting in the Quasi War against the French were coming back with injuries, diseases and disabilities. How would these men be treated? What should the procedure or protocol be? There needed to be a way for Naval personnel to be treated medically for wounds, sickness, disease and other ailments. | Perspective/goals | The goal of this act was to provide medical treatment to seamen that had been injured, sick or become disabled. | Role/functions | Hospital services were provided to marine personnel. This hospital became a component of the Treasury Department. The service provided to the seamen had a price tag, 20 cents was deducted...
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