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Puerto Rico/ Federal Judiciary Paper

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La constitución es la principal organizadora del gobierno de los Estados Unidos y la misma describe las fundamentales tres ramas conocidas como la legislativa, judicial y ejecutiva. La rama legislativa también conocida como Congreso se compone de funcionarios elegidos de cada estado y responsables de promulgar las leyes. La rama ejecutiva está dirigida por el Presidente, este es el responsable de dirigir al gobierno y hacer cumplir las leyes establecidas. Por último la rama judicial es la responsable de interpretar las leyes o resolver disputas formales entre la gente o entre la gente y el gobierno. La rama judicial de los Estados Unidos consiste de tres etapas, la primera de ellas la corte federal también conocidos como los tribunales de primera instancia en Estados Unidos hay 94. Dichas son las encargadas de los asuntos de leyes o las disputas entre la gente de dos estados diferentes; las leyes federales se limitan a problemas de importancia nacional , tales como inmigración, medio ambiente, tributación federal, derechos civiles y por ultimo leyes federales contra el crimen y la Constitución de los Estados Unidos. Las decisiones tomadas en estas cortes se pueden apelar en el “tribunal federal de apelaciones”. Según la enmienda cuatro de la Constitución de los E.U.; “Los habitantes tienen derecho a que sus personas, domicilios, papeles y efectos se hallen a salvo de pesquisas y aprehensiones arbitrarias,…”. Por otro lado, la Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de P.R. indica en el artículo 2, sección 10 que; “No se violará el derecho del pueblo a la protección de sus personas, casas, papeles y efectos contra registros, incautaciones y allanamientos irrazonables. No se interceptará la comunicación telefónica. Solo se expedirán mandamientos autorizando registros, allanamientos o arrestos por autoridad judicial, y ello únicamente cuando exista causa probable apoyada…”. En otras palabras, todo ciudadano tiene derecho a la privacidad o intimidad. El problema es la interpretación de estos derechos en el diario vivir. Por ejemplo, en la empresa para la cual se labora: hasta donde puede un patrono verificar las horas de trabajo de un empleado, cuánto tiempo ha trabajo y cuánto tiempo ha utilizado para gestiones personales.

estados diferentes; las leyes federales se limitan a problemas de importancia nacional , tales como inmigración, medio ambiente, tributación federal, derechos civiles y por ultimo leyes federales contra el crimen y la Constitución de los Estados Unidos. Las decisiones tomadas en estas cortes se pueden apelar en el “tribunal federal de apelaciones”. Estados Unidos cuenta con 12 tribunales de apelaciones, los cuales su función es determinar si la ley fue aplicada correctamente. Las apelaciones del Primer Tribunal Federal de Apelaciones se llevan a cabo en la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos, el más conocido y poderos tribunal de los Estados Unidos. Dicho consiste de un Presidente de tribunal y ocho jueces asociados y cada año lleva un número determinado de casos para ser escuchados y resueltos a discreción de la misma. Los casos vistos en dicha corte se originan en los tribunales federales y estatales y generalmente tienen que ver con el derecho constitucional.

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Referencias

Cheeseman, H. R. (2010). The legal environment of business and online commerce: Business ethics, e-commerce, regulatory, and international issues. (6th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

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