...Chapter 20 Statistical Quality Control GOALS When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to: • Discuss the role of quality control in production and service operations • Define and understand the terms chance cause, assignable cause, in control, out of control, attribute, and variable • Construct and interpret a Pareto chart • Construct and interpret a fishbone diagram • Construct and interpret a mean and range chart • Construct and interpret a percent defective and a c-bar chart • • Discuss acceptance sampling Construct an operating characteristic curve for various sampling plans. W ter A. Shewhart (1891–1967) al W 1498 1548 1598 1648 1698 1748 1898 1948 2000 ith the advent of industrial revolution in the 19th century, mass production replaced manufacturing in small shops by skilled craftsman and artisans. While in the small shops the individual worker was completely responsible for the quality of the work, this was no longer true in mass production where each individual’s contribution to the finished product constituted only an insignificant part in the total process. The quality control by the large companies was achieved with the help of quality inspectors responsible for checking a 100 percent inspection of all the important characteristics. Dr. Walter A. Shewhart, called the father of quality control analysis, developed the concepts of statistical quality control. For the purpose of controlling quality, Shewhart developed charting techniques and...
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...Hypothesis Quality Associates, Inc. is a consulting firm that advises its clients about sampling and statistical procedures that can be used to control manufacturing processes. In one case, a client provided Quality Associates with a sample of 800 observations that were taken during a time when the client's process was operating satisfactorily. The sample standard deviation for these data was .21, hence, the population standard deviation was assumed to be .21. Quality Associates then suggested that random samples of size 30 be taken periodically to monitor the process on an ongoing basis. By analyzing the new samples, the client could quickly learn whether the process was operating satisfactorily. When the process was not operating satisfactorily, corrective action could be taken to eliminate the problem. The design specification indicated that the mean for the process should be 12. The hypothesis test suggested by Quality Associates follows: H0: μ=12 Ha: μ≠ 12 Corrective action will be taken when H0 is rejected. Samples collected during the first day of operation of the new statistical process-control procedure are in the file Quality.xls. The URL to this dataset is A. Conduct a hypothesis test for each sample at the .01 level of significance and determine what action, if any should be taken, Answer H0: μ=12 Ha: μ≠ 12 Test Statistic used is Z test Decision rule: Reject null hypothesis, if the value of test statistic is greater the critical value...
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...Introduction “Quality Associates, Incorporated (QAI) was established in 1986 to provide quality assurance and regulatory services to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. A corollary service offering was the archiving of scientific records, so it was not long before QAI developed strong capabilities in electronic document management. Today QAI maintains a broad client base that includes federal and state agencies, chemical and manufacturing companies, financial and accounting firms, law firms, and medical and research facilities. Currently, QAI provides services in these areas: Information Services, Quality Assurance & Scientific Support, and Archiving.” (Quality Associates Incorporated) They advise their clients about sampling and statistical procedures that can be used to control their manufacturing processes. The data required for the study giving to QA from the client, a sample of 800 observations taken during a time in which that client’s process was operating satisfactorily. The sample standard deviation was 0.21 and population standard deviation was assumed to be 0.21. QA suggested taking random samples of size 30 occasionally to monitor the process on an ongoing basis. The client could quickly learn whether the process was operation reasonably and if not, corrective action could be taken to remove the problem. The design specification indicated the mean for the process should be 12. The hypothesis test suggested by Quality Associates follows. H0: u...
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...1) Conduct a hypothesis Test for each sample at the .01 level of significance and determine what action if any should be taken. Provide the test-statistic and p-value for each test. Sample 1 1) H0: μ = 12 Ha: μ ≠ 12 2) α = .01, but for two-tail test will = .005 3) Z = (x-bar – μ) / (σ/√n) 4) Z Critical value at .005 = 2.575 5) Z = (11.9587 – 12) / (.21/√30) = -1.077187 The observed value lies outside the rejection region, so we fail to reject H0. 6) P –value is between .2814 for a two-tailed test Sample 2 1) H0: μ = 12 Ha: μ ≠ 12 2) α = .01, but for two-tail test will = .005 3) Z = (x-bar – μ) / (σ/√n) 4) Z Critical value at .005 = 2.575 5) Z = (12.0287 – 12) / (.21/√30) = .74855 The observed value lies outside the rejection region, so we fail to reject H0. 6) P-value is 0.4541 for a two-tailed test Sample 3 1) H0: μ = 12 Ha: μ ≠ 12 2) α = .01, but for two-tail test will = .005 3) Z = (x-bar – μ) / (σ/√n) 4) Z Critical value at .005 = 2.575 5) Z = (11.889 – 12) / (.21/√30) = - 2.895 The observed value lies inside the rejection region, so we reject H0. 6) P-Value is .0038 for a two-tailed test Sample 4 1) H0: μ = 12 Ha: μ ≠ 12 2) α = .01, but for two-tail test will = .005 3) Z = (x-bar – μ) / (σ/√n) 4) Z Critical value at .005 = 2.575 5) Z = (12.081 – 12) / (.21/√30) = 2.11264 The observed value lies outside the rejection region, so we fail to reject H0. 6) P-value is...
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...Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing Case Problem 1: Quality Associates, Inc. 1. The hypothesis testing results are shown below: Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample Size 30 30 30 30 Mean 11.959 12.029 11.889 12.081 Standard Deviation 0.220 0.220 0.207 0.206 Level of Significance (alpha) 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 Critical Value (lower tail) -2.576 -2.576 -2.576 -2.576 Critical Value (upper tail) 2.576 2.576 2.576 2.576 Hypothesized value 12 12 12 12 Standard Error 0.040 0.040 0.038 0.038 Test Statistic -1.027 0.713 -2.935 2.161 p-value 0.304 0.476 0.003 0.031 Only sample 3 leads to the rejection of the hypothesis H0: µ = 12. Thus, corrective action is warranted for sample 3. The other samples indicate H0 cannot be rejected and thus from all we can tell, the process is operating satisfactorily. Sample 3 with = 11.89 shows the process is operating below the desired mean. Sample 4 with = 12.08 is on the high side, but the p-value of .03 is not sufficient to reject H0. 2. The sample standard deviations for all four samples are in the .20 to .22 range. It appears that the process population standard deviation assumption of .21 is good. 3. With α = .01, z.005 = 2.576. Using the standard error of the mean =0.0383, the upper and lower control limits are computed as follows: Upper Control Limit = 12 + 2.576 (0.0383) = 12.0987 Lower Control Limit = 12 - 2.576 (0.0383) = 11.9013 As long as a sample mean is between these...
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...In-N-Out Burger Review | | | | | Santosh Gowda | | | IN – N – OUT BURGER 1. Feedback found on page 141. “. . . They were given specific on-the-job training during slow periods and a considerable amount of feedback on their performance.” 2. Communication found on page 136-137. “. . . Rich had relied heavily on verbal and visual communication techniques.” 3. Giving back to Community found on page 156 “. . . It came from Rich’s belief that improving the lives of children was the cornerstone to creating a better society.” Giving back to Community found on page 157. “. . . Rich looked to fund outlets that shared his desire to help, supporting several groups that aided victims of child abuse, organizing several fund-raisers. He was said to have denoted thousands of dollars to the Make-A-Wish Foundation, the organization that granted wishes to terminally ill children.” Giving back to community found on page 157. “. . . In 1984, they established the Child Abuse Fund specifically to raise awareness of and channel funds to abused and disadvantaged children in the cities and counties where in IN-N-Out Burger did business.” Giving back to community found on page 93. “. . . Harry and Esther believed in serving the communities in which In-N-Out operated. The Snyder’s made any number of charitable donations, and their efforts at promotion were often connected to grassroots community and philanthropic endeavors.” 4. Rumors found on page 197. “. . . Following...
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...network devices that data packets must travel to get from server to remote user’s device and back to server. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length. 2. Provide an equipment list of network security devices that would be needed to ensure the integrity and sensitivity of private information. In this list: a. Propose at least two (2) vendor brands per each device and the associate costs required to procure these items. b. Identify the functionality each device serves and the expected benefits the government agency should experience upon the successful installation of this equipment. 3. Develop a maintenance plan that should be recommended to the government agency to ensure having the latest security measures available within the network in which you: a. Describe the risks associated with not fulfilling the activities outlined within your maintenance plan. b. Indicate specific activities, personnel / resources required, and frequency of execution. More Details hidden... Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of SEC 402 WK 8 Assignment 2 Implementing Network in order to ace their studies. SEC 402 WK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 IMPLEMENTING NETWORK To purchase this visit here:...
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...textbook is time off and leave, Geico’s total rewards program’s package, associate assistance program (AAP), family and life benefits, and health and wellbeing program. Chapter 2 in the WorldatWork Handbook of Compensation, Benefits & Total Rewards has increased flexibility listed as one of the top five advantages of a total rewards approach. Geico’s time off and leave, and family and life programs are aligned with the increased flexibility approach in that they allow their employees paid vacation and holidays, sick and leave time, dependent care FSA, adoption assistance, long-term care insurance plan, and associate assistance program (AAP), which includes three phone and/or in-person counseling sessions at no cost. The family and life benefits include: work-life balance programs, "baby welcome" program; day care and elder care referrals, counseling for stress, anxiety and depression, and financial counseling, aid during crisis situations and legal consultation. Geico realizes that their employees need time off and programs to help make their work-life experience a little easier as in having a balance between the two (WorldatWork, 2007). Geico’s total rewards program package offers a great deal of improved recruitment and retention as stated in Chapter 2 of the text book in that they offer a benefits package to help insure their employees’ future. This organization totally understands their employees’ quality of life, which is why they offer a comprehensive Total Rewards Program...
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...Services department for an Assistant Team Leader. A careful job analysis has been conducted through job performance review and associate interviews. Before the elements of the Assistant Team Leader are discussed, a quick background for the need for the position. Within the past three months, out processing rate to meet the SEC standards was down 3%. After reviewing the items that did not meet the turnaround time, it has been determined that 58% of these items would have met standard if the unit leader was not out of the office for an extended period of time. Many of these transfer requests were escalated for management review to the unit leader. Normally the unit leader would review the item the same day for disposition. With the unit leader out of the office, the items stayed in the escalate queue for over a period of several days. This caused the item to miss the turnaround time for a transfer. It is understood that if Computershare does not meet turnaround standards for two consecutive months, the fines levied by the SEC are substantial. We are now into the second month and a continued decline in processing rate would cause serious financial implications for the company. What was done to determine if the position would be successful is we had several experienced associates handle escalated items instead of the unit leader. Each associate was given the authority to make basic business decisions in regard to transfers only. When a processor had a...
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...trends so they can make informed decisions about where their business should be in a certain market. According to Opara (2003) “Information is the life blood of modern organizations.” Without information organizations would be making decisions blind. Information in a modern organization flows in a circular motion. For an example of how a major car dealership uses information it gathers. A customer who is prospecting for a new vehicle enters a car dealership not sure of what kind of vehicle he or she may want. An associate greats the new customer and asks a few question to discover what the customer is looking for. This would be the input information that the associate will use to enter into an information system (IS) from this system the associate can help the customer choose what vehicle he or she may be looking for. The information is presented to the customer, after looking at the information the customer chooses a vehicle he or she wants to purchase. The associate inputs his or her personal information into an IS to qualify the customer for financing the vehicle. The information is used by the finance department to set up the financial obligation that the customer will have to pay. Once again the information is cycled back to the customer for his or her input. After the sale of the vehicle the information used is stored into a database that can be accessed to contact the customer about his or her experience and used for future sales. When the vehicle leaves the sales department...
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...Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education ISSN: 0305-7925 (Print) 1469-3623 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ccom20 International education policy transfer – borrowing both ways: the Hong Kong and England experience Katherine Forestier & Michael Crossley To cite this article: Katherine Forestier & Michael Crossley (2015) International education policy transfer – borrowing both ways: the Hong Kong and England experience, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 45:5, 664-685, DOI: 10.1080/03057925.2014.928508 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2014.928508 Published online: 27 Jun 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 364 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 3 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ccom20 Download by: [The University of Manchester Library] Date: 01 December 2015, At: 11:00 Compare, 2015 Vol. 45, No. 5, 664–685, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2014.928508 International education policy transfer – borrowing both ways: the Hong Kong and England experience Downloaded by [The University of Manchester Library] at 11:00 01 December 2015 Katherine Forestier* and Michael Crossley Graduate School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK This paper analyses how the impact...
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...Excess Assessment Approval Form All 5th or beyond attempts are submitted by Senior Program Managers to the Associate Provost for Academic Services Student Name | Ric Johnson | Student ID # | 467966 | Mentor Name | David Moll | Assessment | QRT2 | Assessment Code | QRT Task 1 | STUDENT PORTION OF FORM Student, please complete the sections below related to your attempt request. Please type name and date at end of form after completing your portion. | Do you have all available learning resources (check the course of study for confirmation)? | YES or NO If NO, please explain | Please list the specific textbooks and any other resources you used to prepare for this assessment. | | How did you use the competencies/topics from the coaching reports and/or scoring notes to your preparation for this attempt? | | How have you used the learning communities to gain competence related to this assessment? | | Please use this portion of the form to explain what you have done to prepare to retake/resubmit this assessment including what you have done to prepare for this attempt that you have not done in the past. Be as detailed as possible. | | After completion of your section above, please email this form to your student mentor for approval. COURSE MENTOR PORTION OF FORM Course Mentor, please complete the sections below related to the student’s attempt request. Please type...
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...smoothly. If not, it can hurt customer service. The technology used at the department store is top of the line. We have a device that can be used for nearly activity we perform from inventory, on hand count, pricing and customer pick up. It is the most important tool we used on a day to day basis. We are currently learning about the new devices which are iPod related. This will be interesting when we receive the devices, because we are hearing bad things about them through our new social media site. The department store has a new social media for the associates. It has different sites for each department and general knowledge site as well. An associate who may be looking for a quick answer to a problem can ask the question and either an administrator or another associate can properly tell the associate the proper procedure. They also can vent a complaint. Every message posted to the site is automatically sent to the associate manager and district manager in case they need to solve it on a...
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...Demonstrative Communication Paper Saksitt D Udtana University of Phoenix Business Communication and Critical Thinking BCOM/275 Mr. Ken Edick July 29, 2012 Demonstrative Communication Paper Envision a recently born child and new parent. The child is being held by the parent and crying for a cause which is, at present, unknown. The parent, in concerted effort to determine the child’s need begins to gently rock the child from left to right. This action alone does not avail any more information to the parent other than it is not what the child desires. It is only upon eye contact between child and parent that a realization of possible hunger may exist for the child. The parent musters a bottle of formula and makes initial offerings of small drips on the child’s lips. The child in profound hast, engulfs the nipple of the bottle and begins suckling excitedly, thus both parties have crossed a threshold in their ability to communicate without word or written language. Unspoken Desires The type of communication exhibited between the child and parent is of a type which does not require language to be spoken or written. The communicative process between child and parent began as the child, without cognition of language, determines a need for nourishment. Whether out of instinct or other rational, the child cries to draw attention of the parent. The parent, assuming the mantle of caregiver to the child, attempts to understand the need of the child for cause that the...
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...- One a week, before the Associate Office Manager do a weekly statistics, one girl (secretary or receptionist) will take the intake binder and check all child intakes. She will type at the document (the document will save at the staff folder and all the staff have access to work in) a list of child’s name, therapist’s name, DOB and intake date. - The Associate Office Manager will check that everything is correct and she will complete the rest of information. They can use the census in order to fill the admission date. - All administration staff will be informing about the form and procedure. - When the case is closed the chart review will remove the chart from the doer and give the chart to the associate office manager before to check. The Associate Office Manager will use to complete the information at the computer form (discharge date and reasons).For the discharge reasons she fill the form using the legend they appeared at the top of the form. - Senior Office Manager will coordinate the work at the both Mental Health Clinics. She also is responsible to have everything ready at the time the general report will be done (quartile).Also she will check with the Associate Office Manager of Clinic Plus the official report is done at time and correctly. - At Clinic Plus Program the clinicians are responsible to complete the form and the Associate Office Manager will control and check everything is done before to complete the official report. - The Administrator...
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