...important ideas. 4. Avoid "empty" sentence frames that say little or restate the obvious. 5. Use present tense when referencing details in a literary work except for passages written in the past tense. 6. Incorporate short, key quoted phrases into analytical sentences. 7. Avoid the use of such words and phrases as "you" and "the reader" that often lead to wordiness. 8. Avoid the phrase, "In conclusion," when opening the concluding paragraph. 9. Avoid gratuitous complements and superlatives. Paragraph Development 1. Use Pattern 1 paragraph frames for most paragraphs in the body of academic essays. 2. Begin body paragraphs with claims as topic sentences that repeat key concepts from the thesis sentence. 3. Always introduce the speaker, context, and/or significance of block quotations. 4. Always follow block quotations with a response that clarifies the significance of the quoted passage. 5. Avoid lengthy quotations. 6. Use a balanced reference to the readings of a text, including combinations of allusions, paraphrases, summaries, and quotations. 7. Enhance the discussion of the topic sentence with both primary development (explanation of the main idea in the topic sentence) and...
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...a political poem that needs to be understood contextually for its full meaning to be revealed. Write a 5 paragraph essay (introduction, 3 paragraphs in the body of the essay and a conclusion) in which you discuss the following: 1. The relevance of the history of slavery to understanding this poem. Your answer should include a discussion of the images and repetition that Marley uses to make this point. 2. The poem says: “Emancipate yourselves from mental slavery; None but ourselves can free our minds.” Discuss how these lines encapsulate the main message of this poem. Your paragraph should connect to Marley’s broader context. 3. Bob Marley was a deeply religious man. He uses many references to divine intervention in this poem. Discuss the effect that these lines have in creating the overall message of the poem. Your answer should include a discussion of the figurative language he uses to make his point. Your answer must include quotations from the poem that you reference by counting the lines (i.e. number the lines for referencing purposes) and by using the following in your bibliography: Marley, Bob. 1980. “Redemption Song.” Uprising. London: EMI Records. When quoting from the poem within your paragraph, make sure that your sentences are grammatically consistent with any quote that you embed. Also make sure that you reference your quotations correctly within the paragraph. Your answer should conform to the following structure: Paragraph 1: Introduction...
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...purpose of a literary analysis essay is to carefully examine and sometimes evaluate a work of literature or an aspect of a work of literature. As with any analysis, this requires you to break the subject down into its component parts. Examining the different elements of a piece of literature is not an end in itself but rather a process to help you better appreciate and understand the work of literature as a whole. For instance, an analysis of a poem might deal with the different types of images in a poem or with the relationship between the form and content of the work. If you were to analyze (discuss and explain) a play, you might analyze the relationship between a subplot and the main plot, or you might analyze the character flaw of the tragic hero by tracing how it is revealed through the acts of the play. Analyzing a short story might include identifying a particular theme (like the difficulty of making the transition from adolescence to adulthood) and showing how the writer suggests that theme through the point of view from which the story is told; or you might also explain how the main character‟s attitude toward women is revealed through his dialogue and/or actions. REMEMBER: Writing is the sharpened, focused expression of thought and study. As you develop your writing skills, you will also improve your perceptions and increase your critical abilities. Writing ultimately boils down to the development of an idea. Your objective in writing a literary analysis essay ...
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...* Introduce the topic * Make a general statement about the overall topic you will discuss. Create a “hook” or an attention getter, which briefly explains the broad aspects of the topic. Remember, the hook often does not discuss the texts you are analyzing specifically, but addresses the topic of the texts more generally. Below is a list of different types of attention getters: * Ask a question * A quotation from a different text * An interesting or shocking fact or statistic * A pertinent example * A personal anecdote * Vivid description * Definition (considered very cliché, and possibly “boring”) * Introduce the text/texts and modes of interpretation * Introduce titles and author names * Briefly provide a one sentence summary of the text/texts * Briefly explain the concept, method, theory of interpretation you will use * Provide a clear argument * Define your paper so as to demonstrate the specific interpretation you intend to articulate (Use “metadiscourse” such as “Through the lens of queer theory, I will contend that the short story…” “In this paper I intend to show how poetic devices illustrate X about the poem.”) Body: During this portion of your paper, you must present your central analysis. All paragraphs should be highly structured. Summarize information for an unfamiliar reader, but emphasize analysis. The following example can be used as a model for each body paragraph: ...
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...teacher (or the examiner)... a pleasure to mark (and that’s no bad thing!!). It’s important to get one thing out of the way at the outset: an essay question has no ‘right’ answer. You can breathe easy on that one. It’s just not like that. This is English and we leave those kinds of ‘right answers’ to the mathematicians and scientists. An English essay is not an ‘answer’ in that way at all, rather, it’s an informed opinion; but, like all opinions, it’ll require explanation, argument and support. It requires you to argue your case. What’s the first thing you do when you set about starting an essay? Many people start by searching through the text on which their essay is based in the hope of finding suitable quotations to help ‘answer’ the essay question. Well, there’s no getting away from this basic process, but there are ways to make it altogether more efficient, useful and most importantly, more likely to earn a higher grade. More on this later. The Argument Essay The secret of a good essay? Write it as an argument for what you believe! What is there to argue about? Plenty! You’ll be arguing to support your point of view on the essay question - one that you’ve boldly stated in the opening lines of the essay! “This is what I believe and I’m going to show you why I believe it..!” This is a view you’ll have developed after careful reflection and consideration on what the essay question or title asks or states. The trick is to be able to condense this view down into a brief and succinct...
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...more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.......................................................................... 3 3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas.......................................... 3 4. Place a comma before and or but introducing an independent clause.............. 4 5. Do not join independent clauses by a comma. ................................................ 5 6. Do not break sentences in two. ....................................................................... 5 7. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject......................................................................................... 6 8. Divide words at line-ends, in accordance with their formation and pronunciation.................................................................................................. 7 a. Divide the word according to its formation: ............................................. 7 b. Divide "on the vowel:" ............................................................................. 7 c. Divide between double letters, unless they come at the end of the simple form of the word:.......................................................................... 7 ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION............................................ 7 9. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each...
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...Quarter 2 (7th)‐ “Melting Pot” and “How I Learned English” Stage 1 – Desired Results Standards LRA 3.2 (Fall EOC) Identify events that advance the plot, and determine how each event explains past or present actions or foreshadows future actions. ARG LRA 3.4 (Fall EOC) Identify and analyze recurring themes across works (e.g. the value of bravery, loyalty, and friendships; the effects of loneliness). ARG V1.1 (Fall EOC) Identify idioms, analogies, metaphors, and similes in prose and poetry. V 1.3 (Fall EOC) Clarify word meanings through the use of definition, example, restatement or contrast. WA 2.5‐ (STAR) Write summaries of reading materials. SUM WA 2.2 (On Demand/ STAR) Write Responses to Literature. ARG WS 1.2 (On Demand) Support all statements and claims with anecdotes, descriptions, facts and statistics, and give examples. REF WS 1.3 Use strategies of note‐taking, outlining and summarizing to impose structure on composition drafts. AN, SUM, REF WS 1.4 (Fall EOC) Identify topics and evaluate questions and develop ideas leading to inquiry, investigation, and research. AN, ARG WS 1.7 (On Demand, Fall EOC) Revise writing to improve organization and word choice after checking the logic of ideas and the precision of vocabulary. ALANG WOC 1.4 (On Demand) Demonstrate the mechanics of writing (e.g. quotation marks, commas at the end of dependent clauses) and appropriate English usage (e.g. pronoun reference). ALANG Big Ideas & Understanding(s): Students will understand that: ...
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...Plagiarism………………………………………………………………. Plagiarism Statement - Middle School……………………………..... Plagiarism Statement - High School……………………………….... English Research Requirements…………………………………….. Middle School Requirements…………………………………... 9th Grade Requirements………………………………………… 10th Grade Requirements………………………………………. 11th Grade Requirements………………………………………. 12th Grade Requirements………………………………………. Frequently Asked Questions…………………………………………. Annotated Bibliographies……………………………………….. Citation Formats…………………..……………………………... Common Mistakes………………………………………………. Documentation and Plagiarism…………..…………………….. Internet and Databases…………………………………………. MLA Manuscript Form…...……………………………………… Note Cards…..…………………………………………………… Outlines…………………………………………………………… Paraphrases and Quotations..…………………………………. Parenthetical Documentation……………………………...…... Quoting Poetry……………………………..……………………. Research Papers..………………………………………………. Research Process……………….……………………………… Research Projects……….……………………………………… Source Cards..…………………………………………………… Works Cited Page……………………………………………….. Research Glossary……………………………………………………. Online Resources……………………………………………………… Works Cited…………………………………………………………….. Documenting Sources Using MLA Format………………………….. 3 4 5 6-11 7 8 9 10 11 12-49 13-14 15 16-19 20 21 22-24 25-26 27-31 32-35 36-38 39-40 41 42-43 44 45-46 47-49 50-62 63 64 65-71 -2- Research Paper Survival Guide Plagiarism Plagiarism is the representation of another’s ideas or writing as his own. There are two common types of plagiarism:...
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...Formatting Essays Using MS Word Revising and Proofreading Essays JBHS Proofreading Symbols Proofreading/Editing Worksheet MLA Quoting and Citation Guide Quote Integration FAQs Work Cited Page Why Did I Get This Grade? JBHS Academic Honesty Policy List of Resources and References Academic Honesty Contract 14 15 © JBHS English Department 2009 19 27 28 30 32 33 35 38 40 43 44 Glossary of Writing and Research Terms Annotated Bibliography: Includes a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources used for researching a topic. Audience: Those whom you want your writing to reach. A writer needs to choose the appropriate words and style for his or her intended audience. Body Paragraph: Makes up most of an essay and has three main parts: a topic sentence, concrete detail/commentary, and a concluding sentence. Citation: [also known as parenthetical or in-text citation] Names a source and page number for text which quotes from, uses specific details from, or paraphrases source/research materials used for the writing of an essay or research paper. Claim: [also point or argument] A statement a writer makes that presents his main point or idea, the argument he/she is trying to prove. A thesis is the main claim, but topic sentences make claims related to the thesis. Cluster: [also Map or Tree Diagram] A type of prewriting designed to help a writer generate ideas and...
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...DeVry University APA Handbook ii Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................ 2 Avoiding Plagiarism .................................................................................................. 3 What Needs to Be Cited? ........................................................................................ 3 What Does Not Need to Be Cited?............................................................................ 3 Using Sources ......................................................................................................... 4 Quotations ........................................................................................................... 5 When to Quote .................................................................................................. 5 Tips and Suggestions.......................................................................................... 5 Paraphrases ......................................................................................................... 5 When to Paraphrase ........................................................................................... 6 Tips and Suggestions.......................................................................................... 6 Summaries .......................................................................................................... 6 When to Summarize .............................
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...a term paper. Introduction Introduce the topic of your term paper about which you have to write the term paper and proceed to write thesis statement. Thesis statement Thesis statement is an essential part of any term paper. Develop a thesis statement which clearly states the point you are discussing. Body of the Term Paper The body of the term paper has all the points to discuss and support with favorable evidences, experiments or examples. Present the collected data in a way that supports the thesis statement. Conclusions It is the final part where you have to present all the results you got from the research and make suggestions for further development in the field. Bibliography It is the list of references of the sources of information. There are different formats of referencing the information resources such as APA, MLA, Harvard, etc. So use the one instructed by your supervisor. CONTENTS: STEP 1. CHOOSE A TOPIC STEP 2. FIND INFORMATION STEP 3. STATE YOUR THESIS STEP 4. MAKE A TENTATIVE OUTLINE STEP 5. ORGANIZE YOUR NOTES STEP 6. WRITE YOUR FIRST DRAFT STEP 7. REVISE YOUR OUTLINE AND DRAFT Checklist One Checklist Two STEP 8. TYPE FINAL PAPER STEP 1. CHOOSE A TOPIC Choose a topic which interests and challenges you. Your attitude towards the topic may well determine the amount of effort and enthusiasm you put into your research. Focus on a limited aspect, e.g. narrow it down from "Religion" to "World Religion" to...
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...Modern Language Association as of 2009 General Format/Reference List: Basic Rules Margins must be all one inch around Font must be Times New Roman size 12 Lines are double spaced And indent to a paragraph is one tab/five spaces There are two spaces after any end punctuation Commas use one space after them Works Cited Page Has its own page at the end of the paper Continue page numbering from the body of the paper Center the title “Works Cited” Alphabetize entries by the author’s last name If no author, alphabetize by the title (ignore A, An, The) Use a hanging indent In-Text Citations: The Basics: Author/Authors An in-text citation is the author's last name and a page number in parentheses that comes from the works cited page. If the author’s name is already used in the sentence, do not repeat it in the citation. The end punctuation to the sentence goes on the outside of the in-text citation. Author’s name in text: Sellers had expressed that the market changed in the 17th century (91-92). Author’s name in reference: … Sellers view on economic growth is not widely embraced among Historians (Cassell 9). Multiple authors of a work: The literature also indicates (Hamilton and Spruill 231) that modest improvements have been made to training programs. Two locations: Sellers market and democracy theory does have merit (91-92, 261). Two works cited: (Salzman 38; Sellers 198) References to volumes and pages: (Crowell 4: 19-22) Corporate authors:...
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...and organized into coherent, time-bound units with sample activities and classroom assessments to guide teaching and learning. The units in the curriculum have been arranged so that the content to be assessed will be taught before the state testing dates. While teachers may substitute equivalent activities and assessments based on the instructional needs, learning styles, and interests of their students, the Comprehensive Curriculum should be a primary resource when planning instruction. Grade level expectations—not the textbook—should determine the content to be taught. Textbooks and other instructional materials should be used as resource in teaching the grade level expectations. Lesson plans should be designed to introduce students to one or more of the activities, to provide background information and follow-up, and to prepare students for success in mastering the Grade-Level Expectations associated with the activities. Lesson plans should address individual needs of students and should include processes for re-teaching concepts or skills for students who...
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...University of Roehampton Referencing Style Guide Harvard Version 2012 Learning Services Supporting innovation in teaching, learning and learner development The Green Room, Library rm 217 www.roehampton.ac.uk/Learningservices Contents INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 DISCLAIMER ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 ABOUT THIS GUIDE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 WHAT IS REFERENCING, AND WHY SHOULD I DO IT? .................................................................................... 1 PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................................................. 2 QUOTING ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 CITATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 . BIBLIOGRAPHIES OR CITED WORKS/REFERENCE LIST ..........................................................................
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...TOPIC............................................................1 PREPARING A WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY AND EVALUATING SOURCES…………….2 READING AND TAKING NOTES........................................................................3 DEVELOPING A WORKING OUTLINE/PLAN…………………………………………………….5 DOCUMENTING AND CITING SOURCES USING MLA STYLE……………..……………..7 WRITING THE PAPER…………………………………..…………………...........................18 MLA STYLE OF PARENTHETICAL/IN-TEXT CITATIONS………………………………….19 PLACING CITATIONS IN THE PAPER…………………………………………………………..21 FORMATTING AND TYPING THE REPORT USING THE MLA STYLE…………………26 TYPING THE WORKS CITED PAGE AND SAMPLE TITLE PAGE..........................29 PREPARATION Research is the process of gathering information from different sources on a particular topic. In daily life students may research buying a song on the Internet, buying a new MP3 player, an iPod, or any other product of interest. At school, students may have to research a historical topic, an author or literary work, or a contemporary issue and present their findings in a paper, PowerPoint presentation, or in a movie format. All of this is part of the process of asking questions, looking at the available information, and coming to a conclusion based on the information found and then documenting the information used. While the process of researching varies, the following steps are useful in preparing the research paper: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Selecting and limiting the topic ...
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