...Rahman's film career began in 1992 when he started Panchathan Record Inn, a recording and mixing studio in his backyard. It would become the most-advanced recording studio in India,[19] and arguably one of Asia's most sophisticated and high-tech studios.[20] He initially composed scores for documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels. In 1987 Rahman, then still known as Dileep, composed jingles for a line of watches introduced by Allwyn. In 1992, he was approached by director Mani Ratnam to compose the score and soundtrack for his Tamil film, Roja.[19][21] Cinematographer Santosh Sivan signed Rahman for the Malayalam film Yodha, directed by Sivan's brother Sangeeth Sivan and released in September 1992. The following year, Rahman received the Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus) award for best music director at the National Film Awards for Roja. The films' score was critically and commercially successful in its original and dubbed versions, led by the innovative theme "Chinna Chinna Aasai". Rahman followed this with successful scores for Tamil–language films for the Chennai film industry, including Ratnam's politically-charged Bombay, the urban Kadhalan, Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar's debut film Gentleman (with its popular dance song, "Chikku Bukku Rayile").[22][23][24][25] Rahman collaborated with director Bharathiraaja on Kizhakku Cheemayile and Karuththamma, producing successful Tamil rural folk-inspired scores; he also composed the saxophone score...
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...Style plays a large part in the whimsy and charm of fantasy, especially in the context of children’s novels, therefore, the way in which an author writes affects the way the narrative flows and how the audience connects with the story. J.R.R Tolkien uses distinct stylistic choices to bring his writing to life and to enhance the fairy-tale-like magic of his books. The Hobbit is perhaps his finest example of using style to enchant and relate to an audience. Tolkien’s aforementioned novel draws on many of the same patterns that lend themselves to fairy-tales, one of the most prominent being the anaphora and parallel structure commonly attributed to riddles. Chapter 12 includes several examples of this: “I come from under the hill, and under the hills and over the hills my paths led / I am the friend of bears and the guest of eagles. I am Ringwinner and Luckwearer, and I am Barrel-rider” (Tolkien 222-223) Purposely writing in this way, Tolkien invokes a sense of intrigue that reflects the emotions of the characters involved and sprinkles in a bit of charm that appeals to the younger audience. The way a sentence is formulated in itself, whether its diction or grammatical choice, creates mood, tone, and purpose. Written primarily for children, The Hobbit’s word choice is semi-conversational and quite direct. “Smaug certainly looked fast asleep, almost dead and dark, with scarcely a snore more than a whiff of unseen steam, when Bilbo peeped once more from the entrance. He was...
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...Robin Hobb’s Assassin’s Apprentice and The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien clearly conform to the conventions of the fantasy genre in a number of ways. The main elements of fantasy are discussed in relation to the two texts, with examples provided. This essay will discuss several of the core characteristics of fantasy literature, including the concepts of magic, otherworlds, good vs. evil, heroism, special character types and talking animals. These characteristics of literature are all identified in the two texts, Assassin’s Apprentice by Hobb and The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien. Fantasy, as a genre of literature, is a story or series of stories, which exhibits certain definable elements that make the plot unreal and challenge the reader to suspend disbelief. There are many of these unreal elements, which feature in the fantasy genre. These unreal elements vary from mythical beasts roaming an imagined world to Earth-like natural settings in which animals take on human characteristics. There are also clearly recognizable conventions of fantasy, such as toys coming to life, miniature humans, magical powers, and time-warp stories. A fantasy novel would usually encompass more than one of these unreal elements. However, a fantasy story needs to possess only one of these unreal features in order to be classified as a part of the fantasy genre. Put simply, a fantasy story is one with at least one element that cannot be found in the human world. Magic is the most basic element of fantasy;...
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...Finance > R.J. Reynolds I nt er nat ional Financing ( HBS 9- 287- 057) . N O M ORE BRAI N FREEZE - j ust love ly ide a s j uice ! W e 've got 1 ,4 6 2 GCSE Gr e e n Pla n t s a s Or ga n ism s Essa ys on lin e r ig h t n ow t o in sp ir e you St udy t he w ork of t he bright est st u den t s in t h e u k , a ll for le ss t h a n 1 7 p a da y. Accoun t ing ( 513 Essays) Econom ics (1,080 Essays) Fina nce ( 1, 083 Essays) H um a n Re sour ce M a na ge m e nt ( 1,012 Essays) M a na ge m e nt St udie s ( 1, 723 Essays) - I n t e r n a t ion a l Fin a n cia l R.J. Rey nolds I nt er nat ional Financing ( HBS 9- 287- 057) The case is set in t he cont ext of RJR’s 1985 financing of it s $4.9 billion acquisit ion of Nabisco Brands I nc. To finance t he acquisit ion, RJR was pr oposing t he issue of $1.2 billion of 12 year not es and t he sam e am ount in pr efer r ed st ock . I t had alr eady funded $1.5 billion of t he acquisit ion leav ing $1 billion m or e t o finance. Challenges facing RJR: Of t he $1.5 billion t hat had been funded, $500 m illion cam e from cash and t he r em aining was t hr ough bank bor r owings and com m er cial paper. These borrow ings added t o t he debt t hat RJR had issued in 1984 and br ought t heir debt rat ings dow n t o A. The r em aining $1 billion financing w ould hav e t o k eep t his in m ind as w ell as t he $1.2 billion of 12 - y ear not es t o be funded. To det erm ine t he financing, w e need t o consider t he following choices: Debt...
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...J.R.R. Tolkien was an influence on many through his renowned fantasy novels, including The Lord of The Rings and The Hobbit trilogies. His work has inspired many and millions of copies of his work have been sold across the world. There were many aspects in Tolkien’s life that guided him in writing fantasy pieces for all ages. J.R.R. (John Ronald Reuel) Tolkien was born on January 3rd, 1892 in present-day South Africa. Both of Tolkien’s parents died of disease when he was just a child, and he was forced to live with another family member. He started taking courses in language, and soon enlisted in the Army and served in World War I. While fighting in the war, Tolkien caught trench fever, a deadly disease that killed many. While he was...
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...Case study Toys “R” Us JAPAN Case study Toys “R” Us JAPAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3. Japan Background and facts: 4. Background: 4 Facts: 5 Toys “R” Us Background 7. The Beginning: 7 Market Expansion 8 More ways to shop Toys “R” Us 8 Evolving business 9 Toys “R” Us in Japan 9 Case analysis: 10 Attractive factors of Japan toy market: 10 Barriers to Entry: 10 Success Factors for Toy's "R" Us-Japan 11 TRU Strategy 13 Our opinion: 14 Recommendations: 15 Conclusion: 16 References:: 16 Introduction: Toys R Us is the large distributor in the US and it is one of the more successful foreign retailers in Japan after overcome hard barriers. This successful is a result of right decision-making and strategy in overseas expansion by global retailer’s and gradual changes after entry into foreign markets. Also the strategy in respect of standardization adaption before and after entry has great effect in this successful. Coming lines, shows some factors that attract TRU to join venture in Japan. Then, we will discuss group of barriers that TRU had overcome, and how it’s overcome these barriers. In the end, we will evaluate Toys “R” Us in Japan market. Japan Background and facts: Background: Government: Parliamentary with constitutional monarchy Prime Minister: Shinzō Abe (elected Dec 2012) Capital: Tokyo Population: 127,368,088 Population Growth Rate: -0.077% (2012 est.), World Rank: 198th Birth Rate: 8.39 births/1,000 population...
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...Edward R. Murrow CBS has many famous reporters. Have you ever heard of Edward R. Murrow? He was a news broadcaster that was settled in Europe during World War ll. This project will be addressing the information about Edward R. Murrow broadcasting from the war and describing the terrible effects of the Nazi invasion. Edward was born on April 25, 1908. He grow up in the small town of Polecat Creek, North Carolina. When Edward was six he and his family moved to Washington State. Over the years of schooling and gradations, Edward was eligible to attend Washington State University. He was a major in speech and loved to participated in school clubs and activities. Such as Class President, Cadet Colonel of the Student Army and President of Student...
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...Defining customers as those people and organizations for whom R&R creates value, R&R serves the following customers: 1. TV Guide; 2. American board game players, i.e. adults and children; 3. Retail outlets, which can be classified as mass merchandisers and department/gift stores; 4. The game developer, i.e. ‘a professional inventor’; 5. TV guide employees who develop the questions; 6. Sam Kaplan; 7. Sales representatives; 8. Kaplan’s supplier; 9. Swiss Colony; 10. Heller Factoring. Arguably, TV guide is a supplier/ marketing channel/ licensor, yet R&R creates value for TV Guide in the sense of creating a business opportunity. A similar argument holds for the other customers of R&R as well. If we look at the final consumers of the product, then according to the definition of Osterwalder and Pigneur, R&R serves a mass market. Taking into consideration the remarks of Mr. Reiss, who mentions that his customers are the manufacturers representatives and the buyers of major chains, we can argue that he distinguishes between input and output in his firm. Thus making the business model multi sided, the suppliers need many retail outlets to have their products for sale; and vice versa: the retail outlets require large production. The value proposition describes what value is delivered to the customer. Or, to be more precise, what are the bundles of products and services that create value for R&Rs customers. Given the limited space of 1 page, I will stick to the customers defined by Mr...
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...Analysis of the Case R&R Date: September 28th, 2011 Bob Reiss was an entrepreneur. He saw an opportunity in the market to make a profit and he succeeded. The following describes his market transactions and whether they were right or wrong using transaction cost economics theories. I will use Oliver Williamson’s theories and rules to decide whether the transactions were correct. At the end I will have enough information to decide if every opportunity needs a firm and if there is room for entrepreneurs who depend on the price mechanism. Reiss’s first major market transaction was designing the game. He took this to the market and found a professional inventor, whom he knew. This was the right decision. This game only needed to be designed once. The frequency was low. Therefore there was no point in wasting time and incurring the costs of creating it. Also this product was unique. He would not have been able to create it as simply as the market, which had more experience. Since Reiss knew the designer the uncertainty of him defaulting on the contract was very low. He also knew that the designer would be motivated to complete the project because he aligned their interests together through a sales motivated contract. Next was Reiss’s responsibility to set up operations to take the game to market. He didn’t have the cash flow to do this. Instead of raising the money himself he established a partnership to create the firm Trivia Inc and went to the market...
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...Harvard Business School 9-386-019 Rev. November 15, 1987 R&R During the summer of 1983, Bob Reiss observed with interest the success in the Canadian market of a new board game called “Trivial Pursuit.” His years of experience selling games in the U.S. had taught him a rough rule of thumb: the sales of a game in the U.S. tended to be approximately ten times those of sales in Canada. Since “Trivial Pursuit” had sold 100,000 copies north of the border, Reiss thought that trivia games might soon boom in the U.S., and that this might represent a profitable opportunity for him. Reiss’ Background After his graduation from Harvard Business School in 1956, Reiss began working for a company that made stationery products. His main responsibility was to build a personalized pencil division, and he suggested that he be paid a low salary and a high sales commission. He was able to gain an excellent understanding of that market, and by 1959 could start on his own as an independent manufacturer’s representative in the same industry. His direct contact with stores that sold stationery products revealed that many of them were beginning to sell adult games. He decided to specialize in those products. In 1973, Reiss sold his representative business to a small American Stock Exchange company in the needlecraft business in exchange for shares. He then set up a game manufacturing division and ran it for that company, building sales to $12,000,000 in three years. Reiss decided to go into...
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...Analysis of the Case R&R Bob Reiss was an entrepreneur. He saw an opportunity in the market to make a profit and he succeeded. The following describes his market transactions and whether they were right or wrong using transaction cost economics theories. I will use Oliver Williamson’s theories and rules to decide whether the transactions were correct. At the end I will have enough information to decide if every opportunity needs a firm and if there is room for entrepreneurs who depend on the price mechanism. Reiss’s first major market transaction was designing the game. He took this to the market and found a professional inventor, whom he knew. This was the right decision. This game only needed to be designed once. The frequency was low. Therefore there was no point in wasting time and incurring the costs of creating it. Also this product was unique. He would not have been able to create it as simply as the market, which had more experience. Since Reiss knew the designer the uncertainty of him defaulting on the contract was very low. He also knew that the designer would be motivated to complete the project because he aligned their interests together through a sales motivated contract. Next was Reiss’s responsibility to set up operations to take the game to market. He didn’t have the cash flow to do this. Instead of raising the money himself he established a partnership to create the firm Trivia Inc and went to the market to gain the funding. His new partner...
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...R&R Case Write UP By: XXXXXXXXX Bob Reiss is an experienced player in the Toy/Game market. Currently he is deciding how to follow his successful TV Guide trivia game. He could try to create a spinoff of the TV guide game. He could launch a new proposed trivia game called Whoozit, where you guess people based on clues. Mr. Reiss has to make a decision launch Whoozit, a new trivia game, or try to spin off the TV Guide game. My recommendation is to launch Whoozit. The Whoozit game allows Trivia Inc. to leverage their skills developed in the launch of the TV guide game. Trivia Inc. has access to the channels, the manufacturers, and the pulse of the trivia market customer. The case indicates that Trivia Inc. had a preliminary royalty deal with the Bettman Archive, keeper of the images necessary for Whoozit. I think the addition of a magazine like People, Life, or Time would create a direct point of touch/access and lend more recognition to the endorsement. Another reason to launch Whoozit is the low cost of the endeavor. If analogous estimation holds true, Trivia Inc. could produce these units for about $5/unit and stand to make profits of about $2.00 per unit on 500,000 units. The total cost to launch The TV trivia game was $50K, but profits were over $2M net for Trivia Inc. If Whoozit could be executed as successfully as TV Guide TV game, it would be money well spent. Finally, the lessons that Reiss had gleaned from Trivial Pursuit’s US launch are incorporated...
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...1. What factors created an opportunity for Bob Reiss and the "TV Guide Game?” Reiss had previous experience on the game industry, which provided him with good understanding of that business. He knew about the popularity of trivia-based games in the U.S., the preceding Canadian success of Trivial-Pursuit and he envisioned the transferability of this success to the U.S. market. Reiss also hit the target by adding the TV element to the trivia-based game, in a time when the average U.S. family spent 7 hours in front of the television. Finally, Reiss’ good contacts in different industries allowed him to get a partner, to marshal funds, and to make further contacts to secure the required resources for his enterprise’s success, obtaining large benefits, involving low cost and risk levels. 2. What risks and obstacles had to be overcome in order to pursue the opportunity successfully? How did Bob Reiss accomplish this? Reiss had to confront several risks and obstacles. First, the presence of bigger players offering similar products, which Reiss handle by differentiating its product with the introduction of the TV element. Second, Reiss had to deal with seasonality of the toy industry, with the short life-cycle of game products, and with potential early market saturation. He managed to put its product in the market on time, finding the opportune associates to secure manufacturing inputs, and figuring out ways to simplify processes (i.e. replacing question-cards with printed booklets)...
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...R&R Case Study What factors created an opportunity for Bob Reiss and the “TV Guide Game?” In order for Bob Reiss to be successful with the “TV Guide Game,” he had to be aware of a multitude of factors that would lead to his success. For starters Bob had a background in business from Harvard Business School, one of the most prestigious school in the nation. This business education gave him many key insights into the market and how to conduct a successful business. For example the article cites that when he started his own company he “kept overhead very low, even in good years, and never own or be responsible for a factory.” He had great people skills. This was proven by the fact that he wanted to be paid a low salary and a high sales commission. This is not something that most people ask for when first starting off. He must have been confident in his intrapersonal skills and understanding what people wanted when being sold a product. Bob saw an emerging market, in Canada alone there were 100,000 copies sold of the trivial pursuit game. He knew the market well enough to understand that there were be 10x the sales in the U.S. that would be 1million copies merely starting out. He worked for a couple other companies before starting his own to understand the business and how to build sales. At the time there were not many competitors in the market-space so he was able to act quickly enough before all the major game manufacturers jumped on board. All of these factors combined...
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...Bob Reiss was a passionate entrepreneur with a strong background in the gaming industry. He was very successful with his new game venture with sales of $12,000,000 in three years. Once successful, Reiss decided to continue in this space and started his own business under the name of R&R. The toy and game industry was an established market with a very short lifecycle, frequently of no more than two years. Based on the case, I think Bob did the following things right which made him highly successful with his Trivia game: What did he do right? 1. Market awareness- He was an experienced professional when it came to the gaming industry. He acknowledged that entering an established market is going to be challenging and understood the pros and cons of launching the game in such a market. 2. Experience- Bob Reiss had been successful with his last two ventures providing him the necessary experience and strategic vision to start a new business. He was an operations guy with a clear understanding of how products are manufactured for a niche but steady market. He leveraged his experience and successful track record to connect with individuals who could play an influential role for his venture. 3. Realistic Execution- Bob was aware about his strengths and weaknesses from the beginning whether it was funding, resources, etc. When he decided to enter this market, it was very critical for him to execute the strategy for him to make this venture successful and profitable. He...
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