...[pic] 本科生毕业论文文献综述 （2012届） |论文题目 |A Study on Racial Discrimination in Crash | | | | | | |学生姓名 |谢薇 |学 号 |0808031004 | |专 业 |英语 |班 级 |085 | |指导教师 |颜钟祜 |职 称 |教授 | 杭州师范大学外国语学院 文献综述基本要求 |一、文献综述 | |含本选题国内外研究现状、研究主要成果、发展趋势、存在问题等内容，字数不少于3000字，力求内容切题，具综合归纳性。 | |综述正文须用本专业语种撰写。 | |二、查阅中外文献资料目录 | |所查阅的中外文献资料不得少于15篇（其中外文资料至少8篇），含作者、书名或论文题目、出版社或刊名、出版年月或期号及页码等，未经本人查阅的文献 | |资料目录不得列上。 | | ...
Words: 3088 - Pages: 13
...Hispanics than among whites and may explain the higher prevalence of obesity among racial/ethnic minority children. Eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care is a national priority, and obesity is a prime target. During the last 30 years in the United States, the prevalence of obesity among children has dramatically increased, sparing no age group. Obesity in childhood is associated with adverse cardio-metabolic outcomes such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type II diabetes and with other long-term adverse outcomes, including both physical and psychosocial consequences. By the preschool years, racial/ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence are already present, suggesting that disparities in childhood obesity prevalence have their origins in the earliest stages of life. Several risk factors during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of offspring obesity, including excessive maternal gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and smoking during pregnancy, antenatal depression, and biological stress. During infancy and early childhood, rapid infant weight gain, infant feeding practices, sleep duration, child’s diet, physical activity, and sedentary practices are associated with the development of obesity. Studies have found substantial racial/ethnic differences in many of these early life risk factors for childhood obesity. It is possible that racial/ethnic differences in early life risk factors for obesity might contribute to the high prevalence...
Words: 1514 - Pages: 7
...IF You Want To Purchase A+ Work then Click The Link Below For Instant Down Load http://www.hwspeed.com/Devry-SOCS-350-Final-Exam-2015-OCTOBER-04040444120.htm?categoryId=-1 IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM Question SOCS350 final exam age 1 Question 1.1. (TCOs 1, 2, and 8) The form of discrimination based on the belief that some group or groups are innately inferior or superior is called _____ discrimination. (Points : 5) ideological or individual gender or racial egalitarian or unequal institutionalized or structural Question 2.2. (TCOs 1, 2, and 8) A category of people distinguished by inheritable physical characteristics that sets them apart from other groups in the society is called _____. (Points : 5) an ethnic group a racial group White ethnics culturally different Question 3.3. (TCOs 3 and 4) Cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality, is/are _____. (Points : 5) values norms ideology symbols Question 4.4. (TCOs 6 and 7) Intermarriage or interbreeding between persons of different racial groups is _____. (Points : 5) discrimination polygyny monogamy miscegenation Question 5.5. (TCO 8) Becoming a nurse or physician is an example of a(n) _____ status. (Points : 5) socioeconomic achieved gender ascribed Question 6.6. (TCO 8) The ability to enforce one's will on others over their resistance is the _____ dimension of social stratification. (Points :...
Words: 926 - Pages: 4
...Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race? Racial segregation was a concept that began in early history and is still prevalent in some societies today. It is often seen as a destructive forceful tactic of separating individuals based on their racial background. However, many new immigrants voluntarily choose to live in a segregated society. Segregation can be easily seen in certain communities where there is a concentration containing a particular racial group. The area where one lives significantly influences their overall quality of life as well as their job, education opportunities, formation of social relationships and networks or access to a mortgage. These aspects have an impact on socio-economic status and the accumulation of assets, and this makes housing crucial for the integration of minorities into society. Neighbourhoods that have a higher poverty rate are not able to support as many retail establishments, leading to inadequate access to quality of goods and services. When the neighbourhoods are geographically isolated it “may limit access to employment or social contact with other urban residents” (Walks, 2010). Segregation is defined as the policy or practice of separating people based on their race, class, ethnic group, religion or gender, especially as a form of discrimination. Racial segregation is not an isolated phenomenon. There are examples of segregation that can be dated back through history, most notably the racial segregation of African Americans...
Words: 1658 - Pages: 7
...Racism consists of both prejudice and discrimination based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. It often takes the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. It may also hold that members of different races should be treated differently.[1][2][3] Among the questions about how to define racism are the question of whether to include forms of discrimination that are unintentional, such as making assumptions about preferences or abilities of others based on racial stereotypes, whether to include symbolic or institutionalized forms of discrimination such as the circulation of ethnic stereotypes through the media, and whether to include the socio-political dynamics of social stratification that sometimes have a racial component. In sociology and psychology, some definitions only include consciously malignant forms of discrimination.[4][5] Some definitions of racism also include discriminatory behaviors and beliefs based on cultural, national, ethnic, caste, or religious stereotypes.[2][6] One view holds that racism is best understood as 'prejudice plus power' because without the support of political or economic power, prejudice would not be able to manifest as a pervasive cultural, institutional or social phenomenon.[7][8][9] While race and ethnicity are considered...
Words: 353 - Pages: 2
...Racial Harmony in Singapore Name: Lerong Ke Due Date: 12/02/11 Instructor's Name: Trang Cao Course Code: SSEASN R5A "I think the Muslims socially do not cause any trouble, but they are distinct and separate." This quote, found in the latest publication Hard Truths to Keep Singapore Going, by ex-Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew sent shock waves throughout the society. Lee called for Muslims to be less strict on Islamic observances, which enraged the Muslims, who feel that they have already compromised on many grounds, an example being the illegality of the practice of polygamy in Singapore’s constitution, a practice allowed in Islamic Law[1] Singapore's society is primarily made up of four different races: Chinese (74% of the population), Malays (13% of the population), Indians (9.2% of the population), and Eurasian (3.8% of the population)[2], and as acknowledged by Githu Muigai, UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance during his visit to Singapore from 21st to 28th April 2010[3], has always been thought to be in a unique social state of racial harmony, Ever since the 1964 Sino-Malay riots and the 1969 racial riots, Singapore has not seen any significant violence between the various ethnic groups. However, while it might look as though Singaporeans live in harmony, inherent differences exist and a certain degree of racial discrimination remains prevalent. Despite the...
Words: 2824 - Pages: 12
...society to categorize according to importance. I’ll discuss how one’s position in the racial hierarchy encourages and permits prejudice and discrimination. Today’s society is structured in a way by the dominant group that prejudice and discrimination comes across more subtlety and even at times unintentionally. This wasn’t always depicted that way in the past. For instance, in the 1930’s and 40’s the Nazi Party, the dominant group, was very open about their prejudice and discrimination toward the subordinate groups which included Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, and Jehovah Witnesses. Not only did they express their feelings of hate, but also acted upon them by taking away their civil rights and perused them with violence. The terms race and ethnicity are often used synonymously to each other. The definition of race has altered by society and time. These terms need to be independently defined in order to fully understand when and how to use the terms race and ethnicity correctly. Race is socially defined as a category based on people’s distinctive physical characteristics that are inherited, such as color of skin, shape of eyes, facial structures. Many groups have identifiable characteristics that don’t make the foundation for one’s racial distinctions. These specific characteristics can be significant in one region or overlooked in another, depending on one’s social criteria. An example of racial distinctions from different regions could be a person with dark colored skin; in...
Words: 2463 - Pages: 10
...Administration Sociology Key words Racial inequality, ethnic inequality, geographic location, discrimination, cultural orientation Causes of racial and ethnic inequality This discussion looks at the causes of racial and ethnic inequalities in the world. There are a number of causes of inequalities. Some causes are geographical location and discrimination. However inequality is on the decline on a global scale. Racial and ethnic inequality is found in many countries where there are either many races or ethnics or both. In Zimbabwe there is racial and ethnic inequality. There are various reasons for that. Whereas my discussion covers what is basically in my country, I have also researched on ethnic and racial inequalities in United States of America as from 1950s to 1970s, and the current situation. One main cause of inequality is the geographical location. Some people who are located in most remote areas of the country normally become marginalized. There is poor transportation system, poor education and far of from urban centers where technology and industrialization is mainly found. These people who live in remote areas are cut of from the rest of the world. They do not access quality education. Hence they remain marginalized and backward. In Zimbabwe a number of ethnic groups are found at the borders of the country. That is the reason for the inequality. Another cause of this disparity is cultural orientation. Various ethnic groups have varying values. Some cultures...
Words: 683 - Pages: 3
...|Definition | |Ethnic group |People of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture. | |Anti-Semitism |The intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people. | |Islamophobia |Prejudice against Muslims. | |Xenophobia |A fear of foreigners or strangers. | |Persecution |The act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion) | |Religious group |A set of individuals whose identity as such is distinctive in terms of common religious creed, beliefs,| | |doctrines, practices, or rituals. | Definition of Ethnic Group, Anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, Xenophobia, and Persecution: WordNet. (2012). Retrieved from http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ Definition of Religious Group: The 'lectric law library. (1995 - 2012). Retrieved from http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/q028.htm Part II Select at least 1 religious and 1 ethnic/racial group not your own from the list below. • Religious groups (based on http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions...
Words: 3055 - Pages: 13
...Disparity and Discrimination Ilka McCoy CJS/221 November 02, 2015 Ben Harm Disparity and Discrimination Disparity in criminal justice means inequity of arrests and sentencing for certain groups of people based on race, religion, color or sexual preference; it almost always refers to racial and ethnic disparity. Racial disparity has been definitively verified, though it may not always be related to intentional discrimination but due to the impact of the media and social networks this seems to be the main focus. Some of the stronger legal factors involved in racial disparity include severity of the offense and previous criminal record and personal history of the offender in question. Discrimination is an ugly factor of today's society, because it is the unfair treatment of one group opposed to another. For example one may dislike a person based on the color of their skin, sexuality or gender. In current situations that we have all witnessed in the media we have seen many incidents that involved white police officers and African American victims. I say victims because this is what has been presented to us by the media, and all we had for information was what was written in the paper or reported on T.V., there was no information that would show a timeline of the events that led to the situations. Recently in current events we have seen several cases in which white officers have been accused of using extreme force and in most cases the victims have been African American. The...
Words: 750 - Pages: 3
...Religious Group: Jehovah Witness Jehovah Witnesses are members of a Christian-based religious movement. They base their beliefs solely on the words written in the Bible and disregard any personal theories. Witnesses separate themselves from the outside world living, working, and educating themselves in a secular way. Celebrations of Easter, Christmas, and Birthdays are non-existent as well as participation of military service, voting and certain civic commitments. Jehovah Witnesses congregate in a structure referred to as Kingdom Hall. They complete extensive hours of missionary work visiting homes door-to-door delivering their messages. Jehovah Witnesses believe in living “properly” (i.e. honest, truthful, and sober). They strongly value medical intervention and refuse blood transfusions even in the case of near death. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/witnesses/ * Jehovah Witnesses believe that traditional Christian churches have strayed from the true words * of the Bible and keep a level of isolation between non-believers and themselves. Witnesses * believe that all other religions are “false” and choose to associate with those who are in the * “truth” just like them. In conclusion, Witnesses are basically discouraged from relating with * anyone outside the religion. * http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/witnesses/ * Jehovah Witnesses have entered into multiple court cases to fight for their religious freedoms...
Words: 1089 - Pages: 5
...Prejudice and Discrimination Tiffany Gibson Sociology November 25, 2012 Matiko Bivins Prejudice and Discrimination When reflecting on my six-month expedition to South Africa, I recognized various aspects of prejudice and discrimination. Although racial categories in South Africa have been abolished, many native countrymen still view themselves and others according to these categories. Race is the classification system to categorize people based on physical characteristics, but has not scientific significance. “Blacks are the largest racial group in South Africa (approximately 79% [of the total population]) (Shutts, Kinzler, Katz, Tredoux, & Spelke, 2011)” consisting of several ethnic groups, such as Khoi-San, Xhosa, Zulu, Ndebele, Sotho, Venda, and Shangaan. Ethnicity is cultural traits shared by a category of people; religion, language, and national origin are types of ethnic classifications. However, the minority of white South Africans have more freedom and opportunities because of the unspoken racial separation within the government and workforce. Khoi-San is the unified name of two ethnic groups, who share physical characteristics and languages of the Bantu region. They are known to have small, short frames, copper-brown skin, high cheekbones, and slanted eyes differentiating them from their dark African counterparts. They are native to the semi-desert regions in...
Words: 1171 - Pages: 5
... |Definition | |Ethnic group |Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | |Anti-Semitism |Prejudiced against or hostile to Jews | |Islamophobia |Prejudice against Muslims | |Xenophobia |A person unduly fearful or contemptuous of that, which is foreign, especially of strangers or foreign | | |peoples. | |Persecution |To oppress or harass with ill treatment, especially because of race, religion, gender, sexual | | |orientation, or beliefs. | |Religious group |A set of individuals whose identity as such is distinctive in terms of common religious creed, beliefs,| | |doctrines, practices, or rituals. | Part II Select at least 1 religious and 1 ethnic/racial group not your own from the list below. • Religious groups (based on http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions...
Words: 741 - Pages: 3
...Racial Diversity: Historical Worksheet Donald K. Morgan Building Organizational Capacity Juancho A. Lim June 5, 2013 Throughout most of U.S. history, in most locations, what race has been in the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group? According to "The Changing Racial And Ethnic Composition Of The Us Population" In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the classification by race expanded to include the measurement of “mulattos”—persons of mixed black and white ancestry—and the “blood quantum” (percent of white ancestry) of American Indians. By 1890, the census racial classification reflected a growing preoccupation with identifying persons with slightest hint of African ancestry, adding categories for “quadroon” (persons with one-fourth black ancestry) and “octoroon” (persons with one-eighth or less black ancestry). In 1930, Mexicans were added to the growing list of “nonwhites.” Fearing the move as an effort to stigmatize (and possibly deny naturalization to) Mexican Americans by labeling them a nonwhite racial group, the Mexican American population (and the Mexican government) strongly protested the change, and the racial category was soon disavowed by the director of the Census Bureau What are some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each become a significant...
Words: 705 - Pages: 3
...Appendix D Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Ethnic group |Pertaining to or characteristic of a people, especially a group sharing a distinctive culture, | | |religion, language, or the like | |Anti-Semitism |Discrimination against or prejudice, or hostility towards Jews | |Islamophobia |Hatred or fear of Muslims or of their politics or culture | |Xenophobia |An unreasonable fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers or of that which is foreign or strange | |Persecution |A program or campaign to exterminate, drive away, or subjugate a person based on their religion, race, | | |or beliefs | |Religious group |Belief in, or the worship of, a god or gods | Part II Select at least 1 religious and 1 ethnic/racial group not your own from the list below. • Religious groups (based on http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf) o Christianity • Evangelical...
Words: 1241 - Pages: 5
