...Critique #1 | Racial Inequality after Racism: How Institutions Hold Back African Americans | Melissa Bolton 5-15-2016 | Harris, F. C., & Lieberman, R. C. (2015). Racial Inequality after Racism: How Institutions Hold Back African Americans. Foreign Affairs, 94(2), 9-20. Harris, F. C., & Lieberman, R. C. (2015). Racial Inequality after Racism: How Institutions Hold Back African Americans. Foreign Affairs, 94(2), 9-20. The article chosen for critique is titled Racial Inequality after Racism: How Institutions Hold Back African Americans published March 2015, this article suggests "institutional racism" is a primary contributor to racial inequality in America today. Coined by Stokely Carmichael, a leader in the Black Power movement of the 1960's, the term institutional racism is used to define discrimination that "originates in the operation of established and respected forces in the society, and thus receives far less public condemnation than individual racism". The article sites recent social unrest in the African American community regarding the use of deadly force by police officers as a stark reminder that racial inequality is an ongoing social...
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...Race and racial inequality has powerfully shaped American history from its beginnings. Racial inequality has integrated into American culture and simulates a false presence of true freedom and equal justice for all. From the assassination of early Native Americans, slavery, black codes, Jim Crow laws, segregation, the civil rights movement, mass incarceration, to present day black lives matter movement, racial inequality is a hard barrier for the United States to overcome. The true impact of racial inequality in America is belittled. Racism in America is the unjust treatment of collective individuals based on the color of their skin due to historical contexts and systematic oppression (Baber 1). Racism roots from the belief of one race has qualities that defines it as inferior or superior to other races. Inequality is the...
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...Social Issues Position Paper Racial and Ethnic Inequality Amongst Blacks : A Economic Problem of Society Tameekah Myers SOC 1000-Comtemporary Social Issues Thesis Statement In this essay one will come to a better understanding of racial and ethnic inequality and why it exists. It is evident that Inequality amongst certain races is evident however it also linked to a variety of perspectives that account for the continuation of racial, ethnic discrimination and inequality. Inequality amongst Races and Ethnicity ▪ What is race and ethnicity? ▪ Should race exist ▪ Inequality among races Racism against African Americans ▪ Slavery ▪ Racial Profiling ▪ Stereotypes ▪ Causes and Effects of Racism Social status and race inequality ▪ Social/Racial classification ▪ Education inequality ▪ Labor/income Inequality Laws and Policies ▪ Affirmative action policies ▪ Equal Opportunity Policy ▪ Civil Right Act The social stance of American Minorities Now ▪ African Americans Conclusion In this essay one will come to a better understanding of racial and ethnic inequality and why it exists. It is evident that inequality amongst certain races is evident; however, it also linked to a variety of perspectives that account for the continuation of racial, ethnic discrimination and inequality. The story of race is intricate and may challenge how we think about human differences and race as...
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...Mashell Chapeyama Business Administration Sociology Key words Racial inequality, ethnic inequality, geographic location, discrimination, cultural orientation Causes of racial and ethnic inequality This discussion looks at the causes of racial and ethnic inequalities in the world. There are a number of causes of inequalities. Some causes are geographical location and discrimination. However inequality is on the decline on a global scale. Racial and ethnic inequality is found in many countries where there are either many races or ethnics or both. In Zimbabwe there is racial and ethnic inequality. There are various reasons for that. Whereas my discussion covers what is basically in my country, I have also researched on ethnic and racial inequalities in United States of America as from 1950s to 1970s, and the current situation. One main cause of inequality is the geographical location. Some people who are located in most remote areas of the country normally become marginalized. There is poor transportation system, poor education and far of from urban centers where technology and industrialization is mainly found. These people who live in remote areas are cut of from the rest of the world. They do not access quality education. Hence they remain marginalized and backward. In Zimbabwe a number of ethnic groups are found at the borders of the country. That is the reason for the inequality. Another cause of this disparity is cultural orientation. Various ethnic groups...
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...Racial Inequality does still exist in schools today because colored students get less access to experienced teachers, receive more discipline than their white peers and get deprived from educational...
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...Racial inequality a topic completely relevant today. The African American people have experienced all sorts of inequality for centuries. From being forced into a different country to becoming slaves for hundreds of years. It is proven that if you are born African American you will live a much harder life than somebody who is white. From police brutality, financial inequality, and social injustices. For years, African Americans have been fighting for their equal rights. The movie SELMA (2014) shows how the Civil Rights Act legally desegregated the South. Even with the ending of slavery blacks struggled to live a civilized life in the United States. The movie shows us the 3-month campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led. King, believed that a second bill was necessary in all places buts mostly places like Alabama where only a short percentage of blacks were registered to vote. With such low amounts of registered black voters King as well as other SCLC members began protesting. On February 1st, Martin Luther King and Ralph Abernathy started a march of approximately 250 people. They all protested to the Selma courthouse for slow voter registration. At that point both King and Abernathy were arrested and had to spend five days in jail. Another activist Malcom X visited Selma and wished the best for King. It is after that visit...
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...targeting the ongoing issues with racial inequality. The target audience in my poster is any person or people have the opinion that not everyone belongs here if they aren’t all the same. Racism and discrimination is the major issue that is addressed in the layout of this poster, the poster is designed to allow the audience to appreciate that all people make the world whole, no matter race or gender. Racial equality is an ancient issue that links back to before anyone remembers, movements are directed to create a general respect for all races and to abolish the derogatory actions against humans of different races. Two different races are portraited in the layout of my poster, one is black and the other white. Although I chose these two specific colours I am aiming to reach out and address racism against all races. My choice to use hands holding the world come from the thought that we use our hands as we work and that an equal world can be reached if we all work for it, hands also represent the things we use to cradle what we love, and therefore this represents that despite the difference in skin colour, all of us love the world we live in....
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...Today in the United States, there is a constant race to get to the top. Whether that be economic, social, or political in nature is up to the individual. However, many people competing fiercely for these exact reasons do not see that large flaw in our system: racial inequality. Racial bias is running rampant throughout the country us U.S. citizens call home, and it needs to be eradicated. The issue is not that some are doing less work than others to achieve the same goal, it’s that as of right now, minorities are being discriminated against in almost every regard - whether it comes to finding a job or simply living life, there is another challenge around every corner. This atrocity in our society must be identified and dealt with accordingly, before it overpowers our common sense. In today's world, there is a large fallacy that minorities cannot find jobs due to them “not trying hard enough” or, “not having the will to work.” Not only is the struggle to find a job not their fault, it’s absurd how medieval the data sounds. A study by the National Bureau of...
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...When it comes to medicine certain individuals are not treated fairly for various reason, it could possibly because of your race, age, gender, and social status. I feel like when it comes to health care they always find a category to place you in for example maybe your not rich enough so your on the waiting list, or maybe your race is not as relevant enough, maybe since you’re a women your less important, or maybe your just too old. There's always an excuse for a person being placed in a particular category and treated unfairly. So society and your health care all depends on your social class and the color of your skin. Due to the fact that there racial inequalities in medicine, which is also know as prejudice. "Emphasizing the gradient should...
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...For the greater good of this nation, the education system has to be reformed, as racial inequality is evident and the discriminatory educational system is becoming a self destructive factor on the citizens of the United States of America. In the U.S, public education funds rely on taxation of local property. These property taxes vary between different districts and locations. This variance of property tax revenues often leads to inequality of education due to lack of financial resources in the school to provide opportunities, facilities and programs for the students. This inequality of opportunities is evident and often leads up to broader, much larger social problems in the long run. According to the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights, racial minorities are more likely, than their white counterpart, to be suspended from school, receive less access to math and science classes, and are usually taught by lower-paid teachers with less experience. (Rich 2015) Statistics from the date proved that based on the data collected during the 2011-2012 academic year, black students face harsher discipline than other students and are three times more likely to be suspended than white students. Young African-American students are also suspended and expelled at disproportionate rates, even students as young as preschool-level. Students of color also lacks the access to schools that offer a full range of math and science courses, which undoubtedly impacts their chances of getting...
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...“Persisting Racial Inequality In The United States of America” When Thomas Jefferson and America’s founding fathers drafted the constitution, they envisioned a life of freedom and equality for themselves and every other citizen of the United States. Their vision had a huge caveat: only white men were created equally and held inherent rights. Our founding fathers immediately ingrained discrimination into the bones of this country and set the stage for years of struggle to achieve equal opportunity. After 185 years of denying equal social and economic opportunities to minorities and women, America’s leaders chose to act. The actions of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson brought forward a plan called affirmative action: to address the under-representation of qualified minorities and women in higher education and the workplace. With a foundation that contains discrimination in its core, affirmative action did not come without controversy. It has been the central topic of notable Supreme Court cases such as University of California Regents v. Bakke, Grutter v. Bollinger, and Fisher v. University of Texas. Many who oppose affirmative action argue that race-conscious programs lead to reverse discrimination and group preferences over individual merit. Through arguments, data and research, it will be shown that affirmative action is indeed an effective remedy for addressing racial inequality in higher education and other institutions. Without it in this current time, large negative...
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...Inequalities in Society P1 The society that we live in today isn’t equal, inequalities can be seen in every corner of the earth and there are a whole multitude of different explanations and factors that are causing this. When we talk about an unequal society we are referring to the why one person can and will achieve things such as obtaining their dream job and or fulfilling their lives ambition. But another person with just as much drive and determination, ability and intelligence as the previously stated, one who is equal to any other but does not live a life that holds the same opportunities as everyone else. For a very basic example we state that individuals of different ethnicity will have their thoughts and desires held at higher or lesser importance purely because of where they are from, this is called marginalisation. Stereotyping and prejudices are often interlinked but they are different and both play the part in inequalities, stereotyping being the act of assuming an idea and or image of something or someone while prejudice is a preconceived idea or perception that is formed without any actual experience. Discrimination and labelling are also major factors that can breed inequality, treating somebody different or valuing them differently based on a specific factor about them or assigning them to a category for the same reasons. From all of the above people can develop an attitude towards and person or thing, an example of this would be that say an individual is...
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...Assignment 5 Paper Both freedom and equality are political issues that have yet to be fully resolved and understood despite our nation being founded on both. Although we as a society have glamorized our country as being the “Land of the Free” and where “Everyone is created equal,” there are still social issues that give reason to believe that we as citizens of the United States aren’t so equal and not exactly all that free. In the Dialogue readings, I have selected four of which I feel could be strongly applied to the political beliefs of both freedom and equality. In the “Self and Society” book complied of different readings and philosophical authors, I have chosen Albert Camus, B.F. Skinner, Horace Miner, and C. Wright Mills as comparisons to the ideas on freedom and equality. In Camus’ reading entitled “The Guest,” the schoolmaster named Daru is visited by a horseman, Balducci. Alongside Balducci is his captive prisoner, an Arab who remains nameless throughout the reading. Balducci instructs Camus to take the prisoner to police headquarters to face accusations against a supposed crime he had committed. Throughout the story, Daru is seen living well in his furnished and heated home that looks over an impoverished, cold and often corrupt land. This demonstrates quite obviously that not everyone is considered equal, as the rest of the land is cold and freezing while Daru is kept warm. Daru, who goes against Balducci’s orders, and remains true to his own personal freedoms...
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...Abstract The concept of ethnocentrism is the practice of judging other cultures according to our own culture (Maciones, 2012); doing so inadvertently we use this as a racist and stereotype judgment. The movie “The Chaser” was filmed in South Korea; I will compare the movie with my culture as an Americanized-Hispanic. Introduction Ethnocentrism can be defined as our point of view of another culture; basing our opinion by comparing it to our own culture. Depending on how one uses this categorization we can easily come to a conclusion which becomes more of a stereotype or racist judgment. The effects of ethnocentrism can be negative and affect others in their life in great multitudes. We can use the example from 9/11. Since then many Muslims have been judged and put into a category simply because of their religion; not everybody who is Muslim is also tied into al-Qaeda. Just because woman/man wear head gear also make them an extremist who is out to bomb something. But because of this tragedy, we have done just that, accused and damned their religion and beliefs; because they are not like us and well because of 9/11. “The Chaser” The movie I chose was “The Chaser”; a movie filmed in South Korea about an ex-detective turned pimp who finds himself in financial trouble because two of his girls disappeared. After sending his last girl, he finds out that the customer is also the last customer of the other two girls who just went missing;...
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...Manhattan 语法—中文精简版 一、SC 的做题方法与原则 1、不是找对的，而是选最好的。 2、方法：排除法，首先在稿纸上写下所有选项，然后根据一些相似性将答案大致分组，根 据各组的不同特点划去错误的，比较剩余选项，针对区别进行判断，剩下最好的。 3、做改错题时，首先应通读句子，找出句子中能帮助做题的关键词。在很多情况下，句子 中帮助做题的关键词离划线部分会很远。 4、GMC 原则：grammar, meaning and concision, including：主谓一致，平行，代词，修 饰，动词时态、语态和主被动，比较和习惯用法 二、意思与句子简洁 GMAT改错题关键的三个要点，顺序依次为： STEP 1、首先看有无语法错误 STEP 2、看意思表达是否准确 STEP 3、是否简洁 （一） 意思 1、正确用词 ①Economic-经济的； economical-节约的；合算的；有效的 ②Aggravate-加重，恶化； aggravating-令人愤怒的 ③Known as –被认为是，很著名； known to be-被承认…；known for ④Loss of –失去；loss in-贬值 ⑤Mandate-命令；have a mandate-拥有选举权 ⑥Native of- （人）来自；native to –物种起源于 ⑦Range of –多种的； ranging-变化 ⑧ Rate of –速度或频率； rates for – 价格… ⑨Rise –上升,形容无方向，单纯上升； raise-（打赌或工资）上涨，有方向 ⑩Such as –比如； like-好像（举例只能用such as, 不能用like） ⑾Try to do –努力去完成； try doing –尝试去做 ⑿ impale-刺穿；impel-逼迫 2、情态动词 （1）当原句意思上没有问题时，忠实原句，不做任何修改，即使修改过来也成立。 Actual: If Chris and Jed met, they DISCUSSED mathematics. Hypothetical: If Chris and Jed met, they WOULD DISCUSS mathematics. （2）当原句意思上有问题时，要替换为相对好点的那个。 EG：should 在GMAT中表示“道德上的义务”，而不是“好像”的意思。 3、词在句中的位置 （1）要关注一些重点词，all, only；位置不同句子意思也不一样。 EG: ONLY the council votes on Thursdays. The council votes ONLY on Thursdays. （2）关注句子的整体顺序，是否会产生歧义；EG：主被动语序强调的对象不同。 （3）在英语中，一般主语会放在谓语前面，因此一般不会用倒装结构，除非开头是否定词。 定语从句中，一般不用倒装。例如：OG129。 4、搭配 句子各成分是搭配在一起才有意义。 （二） 简洁 § 简洁是GMAT 最后考到的点，只有在语法和意思都无误的情况，才选择最简洁的；换言 之，如果语法无问题，即使很长也会比一个语法有问题，很短的句子好。 § GMAT语法题中，如果一个词可以搞定的意思，不要用一个短语，EG: differ好于have difference in Wordy: They HAVE DIFFERENCES over THE...
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