...have been rocked by reports of rape and sexual assault. Federal, state and local officials have become involved, as schools work to revise their policies and procedures to prevent further incidents. A survey commissioned by the Association of American Universities, the results of which were released in September 2015, found that more than 27% of female college seniors reported having experienced some form of unwanted sexual contact since entering college. Meanwhile, two high-profile lawsuits have kept the topic of college sexual assault in the national spotlight. In 2015, a former Florida State University student filed a lawsuit against the school for its handling of her sexual assault report and another against former Florida State football star Jameis Winston, who she has accused of raping her in 2012. The research on many facets of these problems is incomplete, but new reports and data-rich studies can help deepen perspective. In December 2014, the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics released a report focusing on nearly 20 years of data related to rape and sexual assault among women ages 18 to 24. In 2014, President Obama appointed the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assaults. During the research phase, the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network (RAINN) provided the White House with an extensive list of recommendations urging “the task force to remain focused on the true cause of the problem,” pointing out that rape is “not caused by cultural factors...
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...The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Word Count: 3,027 Abstract Acquaintance rape, commonly referred to as "date rape," is sweeping across college campuses throughout the United States. Described as nonconsensual sexual contact achieved by force, manipulation or coercion between two people who know each other, it is a form of sexual violence that had been given little attention prior to the 1980’s. Recent studies indicate that one in four female college students will be the victim of acquaintance rape at some time during four years of college making it the fastest growing crime against females in college institutions. However, because there are widespread false impressions among all college students that acquaintance rape does not exist, is not “really rape” or is not a serious crime, many believe that it is not as traumatic to the victim as rape by someone unknown to them. These erroneous beliefs often leave the victims of acquaintance rape more devastated than the rape action itself. The purpose of this paper is to examine the facts surrounding female acquaintance rape on college campuses and the role that crisis intervention techniques play in the recovery from an experience that many experts describe as crippling. The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Every two minutes someone in the United States is raped, and the chance of the victim being a female college student is four times greater than that of any...
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...community, local educators, students, and key staff from ContactLifeline Inc. to gather professional opinions and opinions of our fellow community members and educators to see how these service gaps may have affected them or may not have. We discovered that ContactLifeline is a nonprofit agency that provides specific services to sexual assault and rape survivors for the entire state of Delaware. ContactLifeline offers many options for survivors to receive multiple kinds of aftercare services, free of charge, but we noticed that their efforts in prevention were not being met on a full scale by our school system in an effective long term manner. We asked what is being done by our local schools to provide and promote education on this specific topic. What is being done to educate our youth on what healthy relationships and sexual behaviors are so that most importantly we see a decrease in victims and are not spending so much time and money on aftercare? This needs assessment addresses this service gap in depth and provides a possible policy change within our local school districts and potentially a state wide adaption of a sexual education program that includes a curriculum that teaches our youth what healthy relationships and sexual behaviors are and how to effectively maintain these. All of this is based on a hope to prevent the large amount of sexual violence and abuse we see in our society and start addressing it in our local communities. II. Nature and Extent of Problem Definition...
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...Crime Prevention CRJ 305 Michelle McMichael Professor Levit September 10, 2013 Crime Prevention “The ultimate goal of crime prevention is to reduce the risk of being a victim.” (SIU, par. 1) “Successful crime prevention efforts will promote a safer community by enhancing the perception of safety and the attitudes and behaviors that help people feel safe.” (SIU, par. 3) Reducing crime must be a community effort. It requires the work of not only law enforcement but also the community itself. Crime prevention programs can be instituted, but until everyone decides to work together on the effort, they can be futile. In this paper I will be discussing the jurisdiction of Oklahoma City, the portion of the criminal justice system my proposal addresses, an analysis of crime statistics in Tallahassee, Florida, San Francisco, California, and Cleveland, Ohio, and how they compare to the national average, what the SARA model and the Problem Analysis Triangle are, the crime prevention strategy I have chosen, my recommendations, and my anticipated outcomes. According to the Lectric Law Library it states that, “the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law and the Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him” (Lectric, n.d) par. 1)...
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...A reparation for women could take shape in form of the HR 40 bill that was exploring reparations for African Americans. In would study colonial rape and its effects that still remain, as well as possible reparations. The study would show colonial society allowing the complete exploitation of women and the cultural conditioning made a majority of America place the blame on the women. Further study would assert that despite women being more in control of their bodies and marital rape has been outlawed since the nineteen-eighties (CITE). The report rate of sexual assault is still low and stems from the same reasons from the past. In two-thousand-fifth-teen, a poll was taken that over hundred rapes, only thirty-two are reported. Out of those thirty-two,...
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...assault or rape. “1 in 5 women will be a victim of sexual assault during her academic career.” The amount of sexual violence that happens on American college campuses is appalling and, the even more appalling fact is the number of assault that go unreported. The issue has been brought up to college boards and administrators. While college rape prevention programs have been put into place, the programs are not working. The programs are not working because most rape or sexual assault cases go unreported completely. Many factors weigh into the issue of sexual assault on college campuses such as; the reporting system is flawed and unreliable; many of the...
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...offenses. Sexual offenses include sexual assaults, sexual harassment, sexual violence and sexual abuse. As an NCO we need to ensure the safety of our Soldiers and do everything in our power to prevent a sexual offense. If a sexual offense happens it is our responsibility to manage it in the proper way. The Sharp Program is a combination of two Army programs. The SAPR (Sexual Assault Prevention and Response) and the POSH (Program and Prevention of Sexual Harassment). On 6 February 2004, Acting Secretary of the Army Mr. Les Brownlee established a task force. The task force was responsible for reviewing Army policies on reporting and addressing allegations of sexual assaults. The finding of the taskforce led to the implementation of the SHARP program. In September 2008 the Army launched phase I of the Sexual Assault Prevention Strategy and in April 2010 the phase II Army wide roll out began. (SHARP Facts, n.d.) INTRODUCTION Sexual violence is an increasing problem in the armed forces, no matter your gender, age or race. The Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention (SHARP) has been a yearly briefing, since its inception in September 2008. The SHARP program was developed to ensure Soldiers understand what a sexual offense is, how to deal with a sexual offense and possible steps to prevent a sexual offense from happening. It also strives to eliminate the negative stigma that is attached to reporting a Sexual Offense. The Military has a “zero” tolerances policy for...
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...Lizbeth Padilla DeVry University Lance Arnold Intro to Criminal Justice 02/07/2013 I believe treating juveniles as adults is a good law to ensure that they can go to jail and receive time for a crime they committed. I think no matter what age a person is they should learn a lesson by doing their punishment or do hour services for the community. If a child that can pick up a dangerous weapon and harm an innocent person they knows what is right or wrong. They know that they can get in trouble for it. They should expect the consequences are going to be giving to them. My offer, point of view to prevent things like this is that children and adults should take delinquency programs. They can get counseling, get other services where they can get help to get their life straighten out, and prevent them from getting in trouble in the future. During the 1990s, nearly every state passed more punitive justice laws making it easier to try juveniles in adult court. More and more teens are doing time alongside adults in prison. This represents society’s recent shift towards taking a harsher view of adolescent’s culpability. When a juvenile is charge with certain felony offenses, his or her case may be transferred to the adult criminal division where a juvenile will be prosecuted in the same way as adults charge with laws violations. When a child is found guilty or pleads guilty in adult court and is sentenced as an adult, that child is forever considered an adult for the future violations...
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...CRJS 310-1202A-01 Abstract In this paper, the writer gives the definition of victimology along with its history and how it was developed. The writer also explains how it is different from criminology, sociology, and psychology. The writer also discusses who established the first safe houses for battered women as well as where and when those safe houses were established. The writer then goes on to tell who established the first rape crisis centers as well as when and where they were established. Next, the writer discusses how the civil rights movement contributed to anti-discrimination efforts and the establishment of hate crime legislation and policy. The writer also tells the role children’s rights groups have played in highlighting the problems child victims face in the criminal justice system. Finally, the writer provide the organizations that an individual can contact if he/she has been victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and homicide along with what services are not provided by government crime compensation programs. What is Victimology? Victimololgy is a sub-discipline of criminology concerned with understanding and explaining the patterning of criminal victimization (Victimology, 2008). Victimology draws together academics, activists, and policymakers from all different type of backgrounds. There are three different types of victimological thoughts. The three different types are positivist, radical, and critical. According to Miers...
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...The goal is to identify the risks associated with it, and establish an intervention or prevention program on campuses (Fedina et al., 2016). According to the authors, sexual assault of college students continues to rise in numbers, and make national news (Fedina et al., 2016). The victims of sexual assault suffer short-term and long-term physical and mental health problems such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (Fedina et al., 2016). College students in this predicament become vulnerable, causing a change in their behavior in a bad way (Fedina et al., 2016). A change in behavior includes but is not limited to excessive drinking (alcohol abuse), drug use and abuse, lower or failing grades, and a high risk of being victimized again (Fedina et al., 2016). National...
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...violence. Domestic violence is rampant across the nation. In this paper the subject to identify is the use of cognitive-behavioral practices within the setting of a woman’s shelter; known as “Turning Point.” The shelter mission is to provide programs and resources that enable victims/survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault to regain control of their lives (Turning Point, Inc., n.d.). Population Domestic and sexual violence is a global issue that does not discriminate culturally, socio-economically, race, gender, or age. Turning Point offers programs, shelter, and means for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. A domestic and sexual violence situation occurs when the abuser and the victim have an association, contrasting a stranger attack. Nearly 25% of surveyed women and 7.6% of surveyed men said that they were raped and/or physically assaulted by a current or former spouse, cohabitating partner, or date at some time in their lifetime. According to these estimates 1.5 million women are raped or physically assaulted by an intimate partner (US Department of Justice, 2000). Programs and Interventions Turning Point provides programs that address the origin of domestic violence and sexual assault. Turning Point offer services and interventions through the following: * 24-Hour Crisis Line-which provides assistance, information, and referrals from professionally...
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...Derrick L. Jackson Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice CRJS410 - 1304A - 01 Professor: Samantha Carlo Unit 1 Individual Project 1 July 25, 2013 Abstract Within this paper a report is written for the California Chief Attorney in efforts to support a presentation to the County Commission. Key components of victimology, history of victimology, theories, and differences between criminology and victimology are discussed. The flagstaff of safe houses for abused women and children, along with our nation’s first rape crises center are highlighted. The contribution from our history’s civil rights movement and how it has played a part in the U.S. laws are explained, along with children’s rights groups and the problems child victims face in the criminal justice system. In the conclusion of this paper, readers will be given a path to take in regards to advocacy groups for victims. Before we begin to understand the concept of victimology I feel it is important to first understand the definition of a victim, and the history in which victimology stems from. To be a victim means that you are a person who individually or collectively, has suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of your fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within member state, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power (UN Declaration 1985 on Basic Principles of Justice for Victims...
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...Juvenile Justice System Ruben Lopez, University of Phoenix CJA/204 – INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE ON13BCJ05 Judge Michael Sachs July 28, 2013 Juvenile Justice System In the middle ages, children were treated as adults and received the same punishment as adults, whether it be public shaming, corporal punishment or confinement. In our country, the early American Puritans changed the way children were viewed because they believed that children could not reason the same as adults, so they did not want to hold them to the same standards ("CJi Interactive", 2011). With the Puritans view of children and not holding them to the same standards as adults, it started the juvenile justice system in our country. This was the first step that lead to what the system is today. Delinquency and Status Offenses According to Schmalleger (2011), he defines delinquency as, “juvenile actions or conduct in violation of criminal law, juvenile status offenses, and other juvenile misbehavior.” and defines status offense as “An act or conduct that is declared by statute to be an offense, but only when committed by or engaged in by a juvenile, and that can be adjudicated only by a juvenile court.” (p. 543 and 547). The difference between children who are delinquents and those who are status offenders is the laws that are being violated. Delinquent children violate laws that are criminal and if they were adults, they would be labeled as criminals. Status offenders are children who...
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...Patriarchy is best defined as control by men. The opposite is matriarchy which means women are in charge and the head of families. Obviously, the culture of the United States and most other countries is patriarchal. Men have the power and control the women. If you don't believe that consider the basics of how our society functions. Women constantly must fight for their rights and sometimes they struggle just to survive without the power and domination of men threatening them. Whether an individual woman wants to conquer patriarchy will come from her desire to be independent and defined outside the context of men. Look to most world leaders to see how powerful patriarchy is. Women are certainly as capable as men to be President of the United States, yet they are not and probably won't be any time soon. Men have been in that role for so long that our country probably does not believe it is possible. Consider who is typically at the head of a company or leaders in local governments. While certainly more women are fulfilling these roles, it is a constant struggle for the ones who are able to achieve that success with men having much more power just by their biological nature. Men have not had to fight for their place in society like women have. It has been an expectation that they will become leaders because that is what patriarchy is about. Much of patriarchy also has its roots in Christianity. Religions which believe the Bible or other religious text often follow it faithfully...
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...WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Problem Definition Violence or the threat of violence that took place in the work setting, ranging from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and homicide. Coworkers, strangers, customers or even the personal relations, could do it. E.g. Shootings, Rapes, Suicides, phone calls threats Justification of the Problem 1- Lack of Pre-employment Screening Absence of the pre-employment screening could lead to the risk of hiring someone who could be prone to violence, or has a violent past. Running psychological tests during the hiring process is a good tool to lower the potentially violent candidates and should not be substituted for a thorough background check. 2- Personal and work Stress Stress of a workplace and personal nature besides the overworking employees can create a hostile work environment, causing an employee to snap and lash out at whomever the perceived enemy is. 3- Angry customers and former employees Customer who feels he was been cheated and an employee who was fired, laid off or wronged by a co-worker can lash off the company leading to a workplace violence. 4- Lack of an employee assistance policy By such policy, employees have an impartial party with whom they can discuss the stressors in their life and possibly receive the assistance or treatment their need before things escalate into violence. 5- Employer ignorance Ignorance of the potential for violence in an organization will cause an organization...
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