...Chapter 8 Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy CHAPTER OVERVIEW Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis, is a therapy that consciously uses cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques to help clients. REBT theorists stress that human beings have choices. The control of ideas, attitudes, feelings, and actions is specific to the person who arranges a life according to personal dictates. Having little control over what happens or what actually exists, people do have choices and control over how they view the world and how they react to difficulties. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Identify the philosophical assumptions associated with rational-emotive behavior therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy. 2. Explain the nature of people according to rational-emotive-behavior therapy. 3. Discuss rational and irrational thoughts and the three areas in which people hold irrational beliefs. 4. Describe the REBT process of teaching people to think and behave in more personally satisfying ways. 5. Summarize the "A, B, C, D, and E," approach to counseling. 6. Compare and contrast REBT with other theories. Evaluate the limitations and contributions of the REBT approach to counseling. CHAPTER SUMMARY Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy (REBT) has emerged from what Albert Ellis considered a limited rational-persuasive therapy...
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...Applying Anxiety to Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory Mizelle Hines St. Cloud State University Theories that can be applied to help clients cope with anxiety consist of Existential Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy and Gestalt Therapy. It should be noted that the focus of this essay will be on REBT. Anxiety is a feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, and experiences that emerge to the surface of awareness (Corey, 2009). However, anxiety is not only a feeling; anxiety affects your mind and body. If one’s anxiety level is too high, they may show physical symptoms. It may begin as chest pain, but result in the numbing of an entire limb or even half of a person’s body (Carleton, 2009). Anxiety is seen as a condition or disorder, but it is also noted as a metaphysical and spiritual problem (Costello, 2011). One can experience anxiety due to irrational thoughts that they have created through their cognitions. If a student has the belief that they need to ace every single class, they may become filled with anxiety when a lot of assignments are close to being due. Anxiety is fairly common amongst teens and young adults. The reason for that is because these groups of people are beginning to be brought into the “real world”; therefore there are a lot of changes constantly occurring. With changes there are also uncertainties as well, which can cause someone to experience anxiety. Anxiety can prevent people from fully living their...
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...Humanistic and Cognitive Behavioral Applications of Psychology with A Shout Out to Buddhist Psychology | |My perspective of History and Systems in Psychology | | | Psychology as a scientific discipline can be divided into four major historical forces. The first historical force being psychoanalysis, the second force behaviorism, the third force humanistic, and the fourth force multicultural. Each historical force represents the zeitgeist or prevailing school of thought for its historical time, and each school of thought brought about the development of different theoretical applications and ideological approaches. This paper will focus on theorists and theoretical applications of the second and third historical forces. Behaviorism is the school of thought founded by John B. Watson and is the second historical force in psychology. The basis of behavioral psychology suggests that all behaviors are learned and therefore can be unlearned and changed. Watson, like most other behaviorists were of the mindset that only observable, or overt behaviors, should be studied because concepts such as emotion and cognition were too subjective (Cherry, K. 2011). Cognitive applications of behavioral psychology known as Cognitive Behavioral psychology or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) differs from...
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...| | |The Humanistic and Cognitive Behavioral Applications of Psychology with A Shout Out to Buddhist Psychology | |My perspective of History and Systems in Psychology | \ | |Winter Quarter , 2013 | Psychology as a scientific discipline can be divided into four major historical forces. The first historical force being psychoanalysis, the second force behaviorism, the third force humanistic, and the fourth force multicultural. Each historical force represents the zeitgeist or prevailing school of thought for its historical time, and each school of thought brought about the development of different theoretical applications and ideological approaches. This paper will focus on theorists and theoretical applications of the second and third historical forces. Behaviorism is the school of thought founded by John B. Watson and is the second historical force in psychology. The basis of behavioral psychology suggests that all behaviors are learned and therefore can be unlearned and changed. Watson, like most other behaviorists were of the mindset that only observable, or overt behaviors, should...
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...Although their initial therapies differ, Albert Ellis, and Carl Rogers are widely recognized as two of the most influential psychotherapists of the twentieth century (Ziegler, 2002). Both contributed greatly to psychotherapy with their contrasting approaches and ideas on how to address those in need of psychological help. Ellis and Rogers were considered polar opposites in consideration to the differences in their theories and therapy methods, however; “what made them truly great, were other, more personal characteristics that empowered their chosen methods” (Kottler & Carlson, p. 19). Carl Rogers believed in Humanistic practices (and was the founder) and Albert Ellis adopted behavioral therapy principles. Although Rational Emotive Behavior...
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...Quiz 5 Study Guide 1. Private logic includes which of the following: a. lifestyle goals, b. hidden reasons, c. immediate goals. d. All of the above 2. Adler believed that problems that come to therapy are related to: a. Career, love relationships and friendships b. Attention, power, inadequacy c. Career, sex, and power d. Revenge, career, relationships 3. Adler believed people need to be educated to value and exhibit: a. superiority b. social interest c. achievement d. career competency 4. Adler’s concept of style of life refers to: a. A person’s picture album b. The way a person meets personal needs c. The direction in which the person is moving d. The family constellation 5. Which of the following is a personality priority according to Adlerians? a. Disputing others b. Emotional liability c. Seeking revenge for inferiority d. Pleasing 6. Which of the following did Adler consider a barometer of mental health? a. Social interest b. Goals of misbehavior c. Lifestyle d. Inferiority complex 7. Which of the following is an Adlerian concept? a. a few people develop some sense of inferiority b. masculine protest - a striving for power is common to both sexes c. sexual pleasure is the prime motivator of behavior d. individual interest is more important than social interest 8. Which of the following are true of Adlerian psychology? a. behavior is mechanistic b. one's level of social interest is not a good measure...
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...Slide 1: This portion of our presentation focuses on the use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy to dispute irrational beliefs. Slide 2: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, otherwise known as REBT, was developed when Albert Ellis combined humanistic, philosophical, and behavioral therapy in 1955. REBT is considered to be a Cognitive Behavior Therapy. REBT assumes that people contribute to their own psychological problems by the way that they interpret events and that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions. REBT assumes that thoughts, emotions, and behaviors interact significantly and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationship and that people are born with a potential for both rational and...
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...all a work in progress and it takes daily reliance on Christ to overcome our challenges. However, we can trust that “being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.” (Phil 1:6) When someone seeks out counseling it’s usually for help in dealing with pain, hurt, depression, or seeking counsel about situations in their life that need to be addressed. The intent of this paper is to compare and contrast the parallel between Dr. Larry Crabb’s biblical model of teaching in Christian counseling theories with scientific proven methods to counsel and treat individuals with these secular counseling models Cognitive- Behavior Therapy (CBT), Rogers’ Client-Centered Therapy (RCCT), and Ellis’s Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Goal of Christian Counseling When looking at the accepted counseling standards, theories, and techniques in Christian and secular counseling there are many commonalities and differences. The Christian counseling goal according to Dr. Crabb’s textbook, Effective Christian Counseling, “is to promote Christian maturity, to help people enter into a richer experience of worship and a more effective life service” (Crabb, 1977, p. 29). The process of this is developed in two parts (1)...
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...they have been effective tools in living and learning as an individual. Cognitive interventions are techniques used during a therapy session that replaces negative thoughts, emotions, and behaviors with positive ones (Robinson, 2007). Intelligent founders have implemented several cognitive interventions associated with theories such as rational emotive therapy (RET), collaborative empiricism, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that professionals use today. The primary goal of the therapist is to teach individuals to identify, challenge, and replace their self-defeating thoughts and beliefs with healthier thoughts that promote emotional well-being and goal achievement . Effective techniques are used along extensive therapy to focus on somehow implementing change into the client’s life. During week 3 several discussions and findings were gathered from readings pertaining to cognitive techniques used. Cognitive techniques are used by several therapists to implement change into one’s life and the way they live in the environment. As we all know a person can development negative behavior, thinking, and emotions to name a few. These types of actions may lead up to seeking the help of a therapist to further change how one’s life is lived. The goals of therapist are to replace the negative According to What Is Cognitive Therapy? (2013), “Cognitive Therapy is a focused, problem-solving psychotherapy that has been shown in over 400 outcome studies to be highly...
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...theory is one of hope and will provide encouragement to focus on feelings and behaviors. The following research will provide an insight into Adlerian and Reality, Cognitive Behavioral, Solution Focused, Person-Centered, Gestalt, REBT, and Existential therapy. Keywords: journey, chance, encouragement, relationships, communication Philosophical Assumptions At some point in life everyone wants to feel as though they are truly being heard and understood by others. I believe empathy is at the core of understanding and developing a relationship with the client. Elliott, Bohart, Watson, and Greenberg (2011) re-emphasize Carl Rogers’ definition of empathy as “the therapist’s sensitive ability and willingness to understand the client’s thoughts, feelings and struggles from the client’s point of view” (Elliott, Bohart, Watson, and Greenberg, p44, 2011). Once empathy and a trusting relationship are established the ideas and skills for change and acceptance can be introduced. Change is not always a welcomed entity and often brings about anxiety, stress, and conflict. In my theory I believe that hope, strength, and meaning are the building blocks for change. Artist Mary Engelbreit once said, “If you don’t like something, change it; if you can’t change it, change the way you think about it.” However, in a therapy session change can only begin to spark with the cooperation and trust of...
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...A Study Comparison of Biblical Counseling with Secular Counseling Theories Demetrius E. Hurt Liberty University CCOU 201 A Study Comparison of Biblical Counseling with Secular Counseling Theories In the world today issues surrounding mental illness are in the forefront of our healthcare systems, legal systems, social circles and yes, even in our churches. Though each of the aforementioned systems takes a different approach on how to tackle the problem of mental illness, one thing is for sure-the need for more qualified counselors is on the rise. Luckily, the counseling profession has grown and employs theories from the secular world as well as the religious world. Though the strategies and treatment goals may be different, both groups of counseling professionals work diligently to support those suffering from mental illness and bring them into a sense of well-being. To that end, the author of this paper will examine the theories and ideologies of both groups of counseling professionals, examine therapeutic remedies that are alike between the two and how they differ in the way they interact with clients and mental illness. The Goal of Christian Counseling The goal of any counseling professional is to assist the client with identifying skills and tools that will help them to achieve mental well-being. Each counselor no doubt uses a multifaceted approach with a wide menu of therapeutic options to achieve this goal. However, the Christian Counselor not only seeks...
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...A Theory in Progress Every theory begins with just a thought. One thought can change the course of history and the lives of many. Aristotle had a thought when he saw the shadow cast by the earth upon the moon. This thought led to the theory that the world is round, which people know to be true. There is no brilliance in coming up with a theory, only a thought that leads to a larger idea, which soon becomes a theory. Sigmund Freud's theories about the unconscious mind led him to what he calls psychoanalysis. In layman's terms, psychoanalysis is little more than a patient sitting in a room with another person discussing the issues that bother him or her in his or her life. When thinking about this on a broader scale, psychoanalysis is much more. Psychoanalysis with a well educated and trained individual can open the eyes to see deeper into the patients psyche. When the psychoanalyst gives the patient the right tools, he or she can help the patient overcome the obstacles that hold him or her hostage. Thought to Theory Some of the brightest minds in history made their theory into scientific data that people of all ages learn from. Each one; forming an idea in their mind and putting their idea into practice, and then ultimately becoming a theory. Theories are always changing and making better the ideas of the past. Not one person can truly know the human mind to its fullest, but with practice and theory people can learn more about the mind and obtain a better understanding of how...
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...Compare and Contrast Paper Frank A. Daniels JR Liberty University 169567 Thesis In my reading I find that Dr. Crabb is very intriguing a very intellectual writer and has a way of convincing the reader with his philosophies. I will discuss the four perspectives: Goal of Christian Counseling, Basic Concepts, Basic Strategy, and Developing a Counseling Program in the local Church as recorded in Effective Biblical Counseling. Then will Compare and Contrast the assigned articles listed in the course. Goal of Christian Counseling Dr. Crabb, stated, “many of us place top priority not on becoming Christ like in the middle of our problems but on finding happiness. People want to be happy but the paradoxical truth is that you will never be happy if you are concerned primarily with becoming happy. Your goal must be in every circumstance to respond biblically, to put the Lord first, to seek to behave, as He would want you to. The wonderful truth is that as we devote all our energies to the task of becoming what Christ wants us to be, He fills us with joy unspeakable and peace far surpassing what the world offers. We must reject the goal of becoming happy and adopt the goal of becoming more like the Lord” (Crabb, 1977, p20). Most people look for happiness in tangible things that you can feel touch or see and still find that they are coming up short and unhappy after the high has settled...
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...Cognitive Personality Approach Introduction Psychology definition is the study of the human mind and human behaviors. It is an theoretical discipline and is applied science in which seeks the understanding of individuals and groups by establishing overall principles, along with researching specific form of cases. There are many different approaches to psychology such as humanist, behavioral, and cognitive. One must understand the cognitive approach before truly understand the cognitive personality approach. Cognitive psychology “is the scientific investigation of human cognition, that is, all our mental abilities – perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning, and understanding”(Lu & Dosher, 2007, p. 1). As the term ‘cognition’ comes from the Latin word “cognoscere”. Cognitive psychology is the study in which how people obtain and apply knowledge or information to their everyday lives. It is a modern form that includes a set of new technologies in the field of psychological science. The study of human cognitive is traced back to Aristotle De Memoria in Hothersall in 1984. The overall concept of cognitive psychology began with the cognitive approaches to psychological issues in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s with the work of Wundt, Cattell, and William James. It claimed the first half of the approach during the 20th century with the behaviorism approach in cognitive psychology. Within this dissertation it will be covering different aspects of cognitive personality...
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...experiencing pain and tribulations. In this paper, we particularly compare and contrast Dr. Crabb’s ideas with that of scientific studies assigned for the class. More specifically, we point intersecting points there are in the areas of Christian Counseling and developing a counseling program that could be aligned with the church and religious experience. This paper also includes discussion on the similarities and differences there are on the basic concepts and strategies of Dr. Crabb and other authors from the secular counseling community. In conclusion, we note how Dr. Crabb’s Effective Biblical Counseling contains important points that are similar to the scientific studies relative to the importance of religious elements in mental health therapy as well as training counselors in order to provide effective counseling. However, Dr. Crabb’s views still differ from the secular counseling’s approach and strategic implementation. In order to present an organized context, we divide the paper in two four. Part 1 will discuss the goal of Christian counseling, while part 2 and 3 highlights the concepts and strategies of Dr. Crabb and other authors. Part 4 will discuss how these authors...
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