...Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Whenever you read an argument you must ask yourself, "is this persuasive? And if so, to whom?" There are several ways to appeal to an audience. Among them are appealing to logos, ethos and pathos. These appeals are prevalent in almost all arguments. To Appeal to Logic (logos) | To Develop Ethos | To Appeal to Emotion (pathos) | Theoretical, abstract language Literal and historical analogies Definitions Factual data and statistics Quotations Citations from experts and authorities Informed opinions | Language appropriate to audience and subject Restrained, sincere, fair minded presentation Appropriate level of vocabulary Correct grammar | Vivid, concrete language Emotionally loaded language Connotative meanings Emotional examples Vivid descriptions Narratives of emotional events Emotional tone Figurative language | | Effect | | Evokes a cognitive, rationale response | Demonstrates author's reliability, competence, and respect for the audience's ideas and values through reliable and appropriate use of support and general accuracy | Evokes an emotional response | Definitions Logos: The Greek word logos is the basis for the English word logic. Logos is a broader idea than formal logic--the highly symbolic and mathematical logic that you might study in a philosophy course. Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the intellect, the general meaning of "logical argument." Everyday arguments rely heavily...
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...3-12 Reading Strategies 3-12 Reading Strategies __________________________________________________________________________________ VIRGINIA P. ROJAS Language Education Consultant (732) 940-1860 VPRojas@aol.com 3-12 Reading Strategies Anticipation Guides (Barton & Heidema, 2000) - Anticipation guides have two columns labeled ‘me’ and ‘text.’ Before reading the text, students place a check next to any statement with which they agree. After reading the text, students compare their opinions with information contained in the text. Examples: An example for a math anticipation guide on statistics might look like the following: Me ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Text ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. There are several kinds of averages for a set of data. 2. The mode is the middle number in a set of data. 3. Range tells how far apart numbers in a data set can be. 4. Outliers are always ignored. 5. Averages are always given as percentages. An example for a science anticipation guide on matter might look like the following: Me ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Text ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Matter is made up of elements. An element is made up of many different atoms. An element is the same thing as a compound. Most compounds are made up of molecules. Elements are represented by chemical symbols. Check Those Facts! (Stephens & Brown, 2005) - This strategy serves a dual purpose: to help students become better judges of internet information and to allow students to explore an area of interest related to...
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...任何公司都应该送给客户，特别是银行、保险、电信、汽车、房地产 任何亲朋都应该送给好友，只要你真心喜欢他/她，关心他/她 任何国家都应该送给百姓，因为藏富于民，才能繁荣昌盛 I Believe……有什么比“我相信……”更重要呢？ 【作者简介】 乔治·寒缪尔·克拉森，1874年11月7日出生于美国密苏里洲的路易斯安娜市，他曾进入内布拉斯加州立大学就读，当美西战争爆发期间，他在美军服役。后来他在科罗拉多州的丹佛创立了克拉森地图公司，从而开始了长期的出版生涯，并出版了美国及加拿大第一本公路图册。1926年，他出版了一系列以古巴比伦为背景，用寓言体方式讲述了关于节俭和成功理财的小册子来解释他的每一个观点。这些小册子在银行业及保险业发行量极大，并很快成为数百万人耳熟能详的著作。后来这些小册子被集结在《巴比伦富翁的理财课》一书中出版面世，这本永恒不巧的作品已经影响了万千上万人的生活，而这些“巴比伦寓言”也因此成为了一本现代成功励志的经典名著。 【内容提要】 不计其数的读者已经从这些著名的“巴比伦寓言”中获得了帮助。在所有以节俭、理财计划和个人财富为主题的励志著作中，它被公认为最伟大的一本书。 它的语言就和我们阅读圣经时一样简洁明了，这些奇妙迷人的和富含信息的故事，使你在喜悦相伴的同时将带向一条通往繁荣富足的确认之路。作为广为称颂的现代经典之作，这本著名的畅销书为你的个人理财问题提供了理解和解决方案，将引领你穿越整个人生。 这本书揭示了如何获得金钱，保存金钱以及用金钱赚取更多金钱的全部秘密。 《巴比伦富翁的理财课》 巴比伦富翁的理财课 作者：克拉森 前言 大约12年前，伯父从美国回来时送给了我这本英文书，并一本正经地嘱我Read it over and over（翻来覆去地反复读），还唾沫四溅地大声号称会Change my life（改变我的人生）。看着他红脖子涨脸，又碍于情面，便装模作样地保证遵命。私底下草草地翻阅了不到一半，才第一次明白了什么叫做大失所望。于是，果断而明智地盖棺定论：死板老调，滑稽可笑！因为我当时研究生刚毕业两年，正踌躇满志，还稍微有点儿春风得意，如此这般的一本“小儿科”，与我的雄心大略相比，简直是笑死人了。 中文版序 英文版序 关于本书的赞誉(1) 关于本书的赞誉(2) 第一部分 来自诺丁汉大学的两封信 今天的人们如果能够穿越时空隧道，去追溯人类最为遥远的文明，那么令人叹为观止的“巴比伦（Babylon）王国”就会赫然跃入你的眼帘，给人无穷的悸羡和遐想……历史上的巴比伦的确是一座令人神往的古城，它位于幼发拉底河（Euphrate）和底格里斯河(Tigris)的交汇处。早在公元前1890年左右，阿摩利人就以巴比伦为都城，建立了古巴比伦王国。在古巴比伦最出色的国王汉谟拉比（Hammurabi）死后，巴比伦不断受到外族的进攻，历经了500多年的战乱，直到公元前7世纪末，才在尼布甲尼撒(Nebuchadnezzar)的领导下，建立了新巴比伦王国。 第1节 发现巴比伦的繁荣与荣耀 第2节 第一封信(1) 第3节 第一封信(2) 第4节 第二封信 第二部分 奴隶和自由人的灵魂 当一个人越饿的时候，他的神志也许就越清醒，也就越容易嗅出食物的味道。阿祖尔（Azure）的儿子塔卡德现在肯定就这么认为。因为他已经整整两天没有吃什么东西了，只吃了两颗从别人花园里偷偷摘下来的小无花果。他还来不及再多摘一颗，就被气急败坏冲...
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...Using the SQ3R Study Method A. Kent Van Cleave, Jr., Ph.D. Why use a study method? Perhaps you have noticed recently that everyone, especially in the news media, is talking about something called the information revolution. This term refers to some profound changes that have affected most aspects of our lives and that have been caused by computers. In the workplace, information technology has caused many work organizations to completely restructure themselves. Electronic data interchange has helped companies closely link themselves with their customers and their suppliers. Computers have made mass production obsolete by giving manufacturers the ability to customize the product exactly the way the individual customer wants it. (Look for the big auto manufacturers to have Websites soon where you choose nearly every feature on your car, apply for a loan to buy it, and then specify where it will be delivered, all without having to go to the showroom.) Computers have also automated many jobs, including those of many middle managers. The result of this has been fewer levels of management in large organizations and higher productivity in the production facility. For most products, the cost of the goods on store shelves has dropped dramatically over the last ten years. But this explosion of information technology has its challenges in the workplace, too. Because of it the pace of change has increased. Work organizations find that they must continually adapt as technology progresses...
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...How to write a Literature Review: Step 1: Read a lot. Sounds simplistic, but the fact is that you do have to read a lot, and read with care and purpose. There are things that you can do within the process to make your life easier, and the purpose of this short document is to point some of them out. Hopefully, this will help. However, there is no substitute for good, thorough, and hard work. When you start your reading, start broadly. If you have an area you are interested in, such as computers in education, multi-media, distance education, web-based instruction, or some other specific concentration, start your reading in those areas. Course assigned reading will help, but you will have to branch outwards and inwards. Don’t be afraid to follow an area that seems not to be related to your area. You are trying to define your interests. Allow yourself the freedom to do that. Here are some tips on how you might branch out, and/or focus in: A. Look carefully at the references. Should the author raise a salient point that interests you and they happen to cite somebody, look up the citation and read the original source. The original source will have its own references, follow these. Repeat as necessary. B. Read from tangentially related fields. Don’t be afraid to look outside of the literature in IT to other areas. Educational Psychology, Human Resources, Computer Science, and Communications Studies are but a few of the related fields with important information...
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...Vocabulary instruction and the impact it has on reading comprehension is a topic that appears to be discussed but is not researched as much as we previously envisioned. There are many articles discussing how to implement quality instruction to provide vocabulary development at the elementary level. There appears to be little research on how vocabulary directly impacts student reading comprehension. There is also little research on how word walls impact overall vocabulary development. Vocabulary is one of the five major components of reading along with phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency and reading comprehension. All components are essential when it comes to reading but we believe that vocabulary plays an important role both in learning to read and in comprehending text. Readers cannot understand text without knowing what the words they are reading mean. Although we did not find as much research as hoped, we did find a wide variety of articles that examined the impact that vocabulary instruction has on reading. Many of the articles that we found explained a variety of ways to improve vocabulary instruction that would in turn increase vocabulary development. Some studies looked at emerging language skills such as alliteration, rhyming, segment blending and letter-word identification. Others focused more on decoding, word knowledge and word recognition. Other variables considered included age, gender, race or ethnicity, household income, disability and even parental intelligence...
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...Life of Pi Theme of Religion At times, Life of Pi reads like a defense of religion. Has science proved religion wrong? Here's a protagonist who believes passionately in both zoology and religion. What about the fact of multiple faiths? Don't these faiths contradict each other, cause wars, and other problems? Here's a protagonist who is Muslim, Christian, and Hindu – all at the same time. The book defends not only the common spirit behind these three religions, but the rituals and ceremonies of each. It's as if all three religions find harmonious common ground in this character. Seems unlikely, but then again, the protagonist argues passionately that the miraculous happens in our darkest moments. Quote #1But I don't insist. I don't mean to defend zoos. Close them all down if you want (and let us hope that what wildlife remains can survive in what is left of the natural world). I know zoos are no longer in people's good graces. Religion faces the same problem. Certain illusions about freedom plague them both. (1.4.14) | Do zoos incarcerate animals in confined spaces and make them miserable? Pi doesn't think so: "Certain illusions about freedom" tempt us to this conclusion. In actuality, an animal's life in the wild is more circumscribed than "a knight on a chessboard" (1.4.8). Predator-prey relationships restrict the animal's movement. A zoo enclosure is actually more like a hearth for an animal: a place of comfort and rest. Likewise, most people think of religion as a restrictive...
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...Pride goes before a fall This proverb is coined from the well known story entitled, “The Hare and die Tortoise,” from Aesop’s fables. We all remember having read it during our kindergarten days. The hare always quick on his feet challenged a tortoise to a running race! The tortoise who knew that, being a slow animal he was no match for the hare. Yet he accepted the challenge. On the day of the race all the animals assembled at one place and die race commenced. Alas! Like a lightning the hare sprinted across and disappeared from sight. But poor tortoise walked slowly, as usual. The haughty hare, which had gone too far away, paused under a tree. He knew that it would take a long time for the tortoise to reach him. So he stretched and slept. How long he slept, he never knew. Meanwhile, the tortoise came there, saw the hare sleeping and went ahead quietly and reached die winning post, giving a crushing defeat to the hare! This was a lesson not only to die hare, but to everyone who feels too proud and underestimates the others. No matter whatever one’s capacity is, one should not feel proud of it. To cite another example, we have all seen the English movie, ‘Titanic.’ One of the main reasons that the ship sank was the overconfidence of the captain and the ship’s crew. They underestimated what harm an iceberg could do to such a mighty ship of theirs. Hence, the overconfidence broke the ship and sank it, drowning many hundreds of passengers. People say that even a watch that stopped...
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...Hero Quotation Analysis Pi Patel’s love for religion is strange but at the same time commendable. My personal views on religion are neutral in the sense that it doesn’t bother me as long as it’s not affecting me. Others can believe whatever it is that they need to believe, as long as they don’t harm anyone and are not forceful towards others with their beliefs. In the quote I chose from part one of Life of Pi, Pi talks about the lack of freedoms religion seems to have: “I know zoos are no longer in people's good graces. Religion faces the same problem. Certain illusions about freedom plague them both.” (Martel 14). I’ve always seen religion exactly like that, freedomless and restricting of its believers. I came to this by observing the difference between the people in my life who have a strong connection to go compared to those who don’t. At only a few months old I was baptised. My parents themselves are not very religious, both growing up in catholic families and going to catholic schools they chose to leave religion behind them with school. My grandparents on the other hand and devout Catholics, mother’s mother lives for the church, lives for God and lives for the Bible. Being baptised wasn’t something that bothered me until I became old enough to know what it meant. At church, I was accepted but I was unable to do the things everyone else around me was doing because I hadn’t had my first communion. That rule made me uncomfortable, it sparked my dislike for church. Over...
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...VISUAL ESSAY: LIFE OF PI To quote Pi Patel, "I will not die. I refuse it. I will make it through this nightmare", cites that when Pi is on the verge of giving up his inner monologue fuels his determination to live. The general argument made by Mr. Yann Martel in his work "Life of Pi" is that determination keeps you alive. More specifically, Martel argues that determination is significant in everyone's life to overcome challenges and achieve one's goal. Determination helps overcome one’s fear. As for Pi, fear is "life's only true opponent" that shakes your foundation which needs to be faced. Living in a lifeboat for 227 days in the middle of the ocean with a vicious Bengal tiger, one can learn to deal with fear in determination to survive. At the moment when Pi acknowledges his thirst he desperately looked for supplies in Richard Parker's den, "Thirst pushed me". Realizing that in order for him to survive he needs to live with Richard Parker in the boat. Pi took practical steps to deal with Richard Parker, “I had to tame him. It was at that moment that I realized this necessity”. Pi established his dominance to Richard Parker Pi and uses a whistle to serve as his taming device to Richard Parker. Pi doesn't just overcome his fear of Richard Parker but he unexpectedly made Richard Parker his sole companion, he "who brought me peace,purpose, I dare I say even wholeness". Religious faith gives strength to an individual’s determination to live. Pi was a very devout person who just...
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...LIFE OF PI (BOOK REVIEW) PRESENTED BY : Raja Haider Ali (29658) Shayan Bashir (30205) Abdul Hannan(28919) Abdul samad(28115) Submitted to: MAAM PARVEEN PASHA Biography of Yann Martel How does he look like? I think he looks better with his hair cropped Birth date: June 25, 1963 He’s a Quebecer His first language is French. This is evident in Life of Pi constituting Pi’sname, Piscine, which is French for ‘swimming pool’ and denotes Pi’s mamaji love for pools and his father enthusiasm for them. As an adolescent he attended high school at Trinity College School a boarding school in Port Hope, Ontario. That’s a day after my birthday Meaning he’s French Canadian As an adult, Martel has spent time in Iran, Turkey and India. Not only that Martelimmersed himself in the Indian culture to accurately create his main character. Life of Pi is set in India and Pi’s childhood is stein Pondicherry, a state of India. It is a former French colony in India. The actual zoos in Pondicherry does not have any animals larger than a deer. The other places in India that are referenced in the novel are Manner (the destination for the Patel families vacation) in Kerala, and Madurai in Tamil Nadu. Martel spent 13 months in India visiting mosques, churches, temples and zoos, and spent two years reading religious texts and castaway stories. This is where and how he acquired his vast knowledge of multiple Religions. As a child, Pie braced multiple religions, namely Christianity, Islam and...
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...In the book Life of Pi by Yann Martel, Pi uses various stylistic devices to narrate his story to create meaning and emotion to make the story more powerful to the reader. In the passage on page 49 from chapter 16, Pi uses reception, a third-person passive voice, imagery, sound devices such as onomatopoeia, and figurative language such as personification. Within the paragraph, Pi uses the repetition of the word "dance". He repeats the word five times just within the paragraph, at one point saying "the girls dance and dance and dance with their sweet lord" (pvage 49). The fact that he uses the present tense is also of importance. It gives the story he is telling a lively and energetic feel to the reader. Throughout the paragraph, Pi is also narrating with a third-person passive voice. This can be told by the reader because Pi is telling the story of the god Lord Krishma and he is not directly experiencing it and he is not living it first hand, so he couldn't be speaking in an active voice or a first-person voice. The passage uses a lot of imagery. The entire paragraph is a story and Pi is using imagery to best describe the scene and put a vivid picture of it in the reader's mind. Imagery is one of Pi's most powerful and most used stylistic device in this particular passage. He describes every detail of the scene, "The night is dark, the fire in their midst roars and crackles, the beat of the music gets faster" (page 49). He creates the mood of the story using imagery. But he doesn't...
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...The novel that I chose to read was Life of Pi by Yann Martel. The story is centered around the life of an Indian boy named Piscine Molitor Patel who grew up living the life of a zookeeper’s son. During his teenage years “Pi” Patel has many contemplations of the existence of God and eventually, in order to get closer to God, becomes devout Christian and Muslim on top of being a devout Hindu. Before Pi reaches adulthood his parents decide to sell the zoo and its animals and use the money to start a new life in Canada. The cargo ship that his family—a father, mother, and a teasing older brother named Ravi—is traveling on sinks during a storm and he is thrown on a lifeboat which is soon occupied by a hyena, zebra, orangutan, and a Bengal tiger...
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...From literature to televised media, the transition can be a tremendous one where things are either gained or lost. The main focus will be on the transformation from the book of Life of Pi by Author Yann Martel to Life of Pi by Director Ang Lee. Delving into both works, it should be clear that books will always contain the most detail while the movie will have to compress, shorten, or change so the film can be viewed properly by the audience. As well in most cases, “white washing” or changing the film in some parts will lead the viewers to see a different development that the readers were given. Mainly speaking, the differences from book to film gives the significance of Pi’s growth a change of course. Targeting on Pi’s beginnings and lessons, to his religious upbringing, and lastly on to how he survives through his ordeal. Thus showing how much it diversifies from novel to silver screen. Just as Pi began with his childhood lessons, so will one of the bigger shifts in both mediums. In this part, it’s Pi’s comprehension of animals from when he father teaches him. As well as how it affects him later in the story. In Martel’s book, Pi’s father takes him around the zoo and shows him the animals, though the prime example is the tiger. “‘Tigers are very dangerous,’ Father shouted. ‘I want you to understand that you are never-under any circumstances-to touch a tiger, to pet a tiger, to put your hands through the bars of a cage, even to get close to a cage…’ ‘...What if Piscine had stuck...
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... Miraculous Survivor: Humility and Pi In Life of Pi, Yann Martel uses the journey of Pi out in the ocean to show us the transformation Pi goes through from a boy who is angry about the situation he is currently in to a survivor trying to survive while taking care of Richard Parker. The article Miraculous Survivors: Why they live while others die, lists humility and humbleness as a trait of a survivor. The article applies to Life of Pi because of the transformation Pi goes through in which, humbleness allows Pi to learn to appreciate Richard Parker in helping him survive while also becoming his care taker. The reason Yann Martel displays such a transformation is to make us believe in God through showing how humbleness can allow people to appreciate what they have in any situation, and that people should just take what they get because it is all in the hands of God. Pi goes through a unique transformation throughout the story in which he learns to start appreciating Richard Parker through his humbleness. This allows him to take care of Richard Parker by feeding him, taming him while also trying to help him survive. In the article Miraculous Survivors, the writer talks about how “children survive because they’re humble”, while also explaining how the humble survive due the ability for them to “know when to rest, when they shouldn’t try something beyond their capabilities, when it’s wise to be afraid.” This applies to the story because of the similarities Pi shows while he is on that...
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