...work of older men in our families, other folk in the neighborhood, and those no longer with us. Their labor-intensive road map provided us the basic knowledge from which to begin developing our own methods and skill sets to answer new types of questions related to daily life in Arkansas. However different the scope of questions we began to ask ourselves are from the questions early philosophers asked, we share in learning from and building on the methods and teachings of men before us. Some of the earliest philosophers, such as Plato incorporated similar questions about reality and truth as the pre-Socratics collective, however, based their inquiries within the natural world and used reason as the methodological vehicle. Because this type of thinking was contextualized outside of supernatural forces and myth and magic, the pre-Socratics collective are often times considered the first scientists of Western culture who laid the earliest foundations shaping the study of metaphysics and epistemology (Chaffee 230). This way of thinking sought to answer similar questions as those based in religion and myth, but sought answers through observations and analytical reasoning within the natural world. Generally, this way of thinking embodied the nature and scope of knowledge, theories of knowledge, and the extent to which knowledge about any subject and physical entity can be known. The pre-Socratic collective formed a bridge between a cultural consciousness based in beliefs...
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...------------------------------------------------- The role of technology in delivering the curriculum — Presentation Transcript * 1. The Role of Technology in Delivering the Curriculum * 2. Types of instructional media/technology Non-projected Media Projected MediaReal objects Overhead transparenciesModels Opaque projectionField trips SlidesKits FilmstripsPrinted materials (books, Films worksheets) Video, VCD, DVDVisuals (drawings, Computer/multimedia photographs, graphs, presentations charts, posters)Visual boards (chalkboard, whiteboard, flannel board, etc.)Audio materials * 3. Factors for Technology Selection 1. Practicality – Is the equipment (hardware) or already prepared lesson material (software) available? If not, what would be the cost in acquiring the equipment or producing the lesson in audial or visual form? * 4. 2. Appropriateness in relation to the learners – Is the medium suitable to the learners’ ability to comprehend? Will the medium be a source of plain amusement or entertainment, but not learning? * 5. 3. Activity / suitability – Will the chosen media fit the set instructional event, resulting in either information, motivation, or psychomotor display? * 6. 4. Objective-matching – Overall, does the medium help in achieving the learning-objective(s)? * 7. The Role of Technology in CurriculumDelivery Upgrading the quality of teaching-and- learning in schools * 8. Increasing the capability of the teacher to effectively inculcate...
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...is on the relationship between researchers and external organisations or the practitioners, as I like to present them. While reading trough several articles and books in my field of interest, applying psychology to the work place is not always straightforward. The researchers or the academics are sometimes writing papers for publication but might not be addressing the issues to the people in the external organisations, managers and practitioners and try to solve the problems they are facing. Is there a gap between research and practice? Why is there a gap? What can be done to close this gap and by that make a more productive relationship between researchers and external organisations? The long-standing gap between research and practice in general is a matter of national concern. Why is there a failure in bringing research knowledge successfully into organisations? (Abbott, Walton, Tapia, & Greenwood, 1999) Along with the science-practice gaps identified by Rynes et al. (2002), a number of major changes occurring in the workplace over the last 10 years (e.g., increases in demographic diversity, changes in the nature of work, increases in outsourcing and downsizing, and skill shortages) suggest the need for HR practitioners to learn about new research findings that can assist in improving the management of HR. (Burke, Drasgow, & Edwards, 2004) There are numerous terms that can be used synonymously when talking about work psychology: industrial, applied, organisational...
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...has been talking with his friends about his expectations and their fears about his death. Socrates tries to prove that the soul is immortal to his friends in order for them to see that he is content and not unhappy about his death. Nevertheless, the Phaedo fails at proving the immortality of the soul because Socrates assumes that the soul exist and doesn’t clearly define what a soul is. So the arguments that follow like the philosophy is the practice for death, the soul is not likely to be scattered fail, and the proof that opposites come from opposites fail. The arguments work only if the soul exists, and since the soul is only assumed the arguments are unsuccessful at proving the souls immortality. One of the arguments that Socrates uses to prove the immortality of the soul is that philosophy is the practice for death. There are three premises that are implied in order for the argument to succeed. One is that the soul exists, the second is that there is such a thing as death, and the third is that death is the separation of the soul from the body. Yet the argument is circular and does not work because Socrates did not prove what he had assumed. According to Socrates the philosopher...
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...Step by step programme & literature review Name Course Institution Tutor Date Assignment two Module 3 Communication is everything when it comes to self concept. Self identity is brought about by three pillars, namely; the family, the peers and the friends. The kind of communication that is done by the family, the friends and the peers define own perception, and if an individual takes this seriously, it may impact positively or negatively on the life of the person. Johari window represents the knowledge of self, either from the heart or from other people. Generally, it emphasizes on the fact that a person knows himself or herself more than any other person. It acts like a tool or a technique for training oneself in terms of awareness, for personal development and generally how we are able to construct information. The Johari window represents the four components of self. These are, the open self, the blind self, the hidden self, and the unknown self. The open self represents the area of a person that is known to the individual and also known to the others. The blind self is the area that is not known to the person but other people know. The hidden self represent what a person is aware of but others do not known. The unknown self is the area neither known to the person/individual or the others. For self disclosure, one should have the inner drive to pursue what one wants, should have appropriateness to the kind of context that a person...
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...November 2003. This work is in the public domain. EACH SOUL IS POTENTIALLY DIVINE. THE GOAL IS TO MANIFEST THIS DIVINE WITHIN, BY CONTROLLING NATURE, EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL. DO THIS EITHER BY WORK, OR WORSHIP, OR PSYCHIC CONTROL, OR PHILOSOPHY, BY ONE, OR MORE, OR ALL OF THESE—AND BE FREE. IS THE WHOLE OF RELIGION. DOCTRINES, OR DOGMAS, OR RITUALS, OR BOOKS, OR TEMPLES, OR FORMS, ARE BUT SECONDARY DETAILS. THIS PREFACE SINCE the dawn of history, various extraordinary phenomena have been recorded as happening amongst human beings. Witnesses are not wanting in modern times to attest the fact of such events, even in societies living under the full blaze of modern science. The vast mass of such evidence is unreliable, as coming from ignorant, superstitious, or fraudulent persons. In many instances the so-called miracles are imitations. But what do they imitate? It is not the sign of a candid and scientific mind to throw overboard anything without proper investigation. Surface scientists, unable to explain the various extraordinary mental phenomena, strive to ignore their very existence. They are, therefore, more culpable than those who think that their prayers are answered by a being, or beings, above the clouds, or than those who believe that their petitions will make such beings change the course of the universe. The latter have the excuse of ignorance, or at least of a false system of education in their childhood, which has taught them to depend upon such beings for...
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...still doing as good as people who is educated, or even better. According to these statements and evidences we will come up a series of argument. Such as do students who go directly from school to university less from and contribute less to their courses than those who take a job in order to get more experience in real world before they starting higher education? For me personally, I disagree with this argument. First of all, I think if you are being educated from kindergarten to university, the higher level of education, the more extensive range of knowledge you will access. And then, when you face a difficult problem or deal a harsh situation, you can come up with more method to solve it, because you read more, so you know more. Meanwhile, when you solve the problem or consider something, you will be more thoughtful, more comprehensive, and more rational. Those work skills are all resulted from the time when you were in school. You learned and you mastered the knowledge unconsciously. While you are educated in school, you can grasp and learn more theory. The second point is, knowledge you has learned from school, can help you build a strong foundation for your career. With this strong basis, what kind of things you can’t do? What kind of dream you can’t reach? Since than, you could set a long term goal for yourself, that’s won’t be so far away to become a real successful person. If you “suffer” school time, your personality characteristic coincides with your age characteristic...
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...Dr. Chan Thrs 231 Jannie Or Paper1 I disagree that the best way to study religion is learning from a page from the World Almanac. The information is not accurate and not adequate when comparing the world non-Christian on a few paragraph. First, Among all those ambiguous religion questions, one of them is very difficult to answer- who is the founder of the religion? According to the informative paper: "Founder of Hinduism--The Aryan invaders" which actually in the modern history people consider that there is no single founder. However, the religion is originally established by God Himself (dharman tu sakshad bhagavat pranitam) which claimed by the ancient scriptures of India; as well, "Islam's founder is Muhammad" who is known as rasul Allah, or God's Messenger to the Arabs, and to all of humanity. In my opinion, it is very difficult to specified the founder of religion into a particular person. The sacred text is difficult to conclude in some religion. For example, Buddhism's "sacred text is the Tripitaka" however, Buddhism's sacred text might include not only The Tripitaka, the Mahayana Sutras, and the Tibetan Book of the Dead. I need to think the reason why only list The Tripitaka as Buddhism's sacred text might be it is because The Tripitaka is the most important one. Another problem is how to classified the most influential sacred text, the information is not very precisely stated. For example, the sacred text of Hinduism can...
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...education, informatics, practice, and administration (Polit & Beck, 2012). Research validates the knowledge and information that helps nurses to make necessary decisions and take actions. Research in nursing began with the efforts of Florence Nightingale when she collected information and came up with the analysis of factors affecting soldier’s mortality during Crimean war. Thorough analysis helped to make significant changes in nursing practice and care, and awareness to public. Since then, nursing has come long way in the field of research and its application to the nursing profession (Polit & Beck, 2012). Research utilization (RU) became famous in 1980 when the changes to nursing education and research were impelled by the need to develop knowledge for nursing practice. Research utilization uses findings from one or more studies and translates into new knowledge that can be used in the real world. Research utilization begins with research of new knowledge and inventions that is later used for practice. Estabrooks (1999) identified three distinct types of research utilization. The indirect RU involves changes in nurses’ thinking; direct RU involves the use of findings in direct patient care, and persuasive RU involves the use of finding to persuade others especially in decision-making. RU had impact on the nursing profession till 1990, but later evidence-based practice became more prominent in research and practice (Polit & Beck, 2012). Evidence-base Practice (EBP) and research...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Development of the nursing practice has e started as early as the 1850’s with Florence Nightingale. She was the founder of the first nursing theory. From her foundation over the years nursing has blossomed into a great career and practice to where nurses and patients both benefit from the advances in theories and practice. Theory is an essential part of the past, present and future of nursing. Timeline: (1860) Florence Nightingale: - Florence Nightingale was the founder of nursing theory (George, 2011). She described nursing as both an art and a science. She recommended adjusting the environment to improve the person’s health. She believed that nursing was a calling and that it is different from medicine and the goal for nursing was to place the patient in the best possible condition for nature to act. She was able to construct this theory through her experiences in the Crimean war. Theory development began with Nightingale and was revived in the 1950s. Her foundational work is what nursing theorists expanded upon that started in the 1950’s until the present time. (1952) Hildegard Paplau: Interpersonal Relations Theory -Paplau, a psychiatric nurse instructor, described the nurse-client relationship, and stated that nursing is therapeutic interpersonal process (George, 2011). The 1950’s populated theoretical conceptualization of nursing science by Columbia University Teaching College graduates (George, 2011). Paplau...
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...Topic: Teacher’s Knowledge, Identity and Major Learning Theories Using your knowledge of teacher’s knowledge bases, major learning theories and teaching preferences define your identity as ‘teacher’. Then reflect upon this position in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in respect to teaching practice. Introduction In this paper I will explore teacher knowledge bases, major learning theories, teacher identity and teaching preferences by commenting on a VET teacher who we will call Mr Black. I will then reflect upon his application of each in term of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in respect to his teaching practice. The subject, Mr Black, is retained by one organisation to conduct training and assessments for a specific group of tradesmen who will be working on a major infrastructure upgrade project. The duration of his contract is to be no more than 4 years. Mr Blacks’ background is in a related technical field and he holds a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment therefore he falls into the VET stream of Education Robertson (Robertson I. , 2008) has suggested that Certificate IV in Training and Assessment may provide enough opportunity to develop the applied skills required for an expert teacher. Teachers working in Vocational Education and Training (VET) face in an increasingly complex and diverse environment as highlighted by Robertson (Robertson I. , 2007) Teachers and teaching roles come in all shapes and sizes and so it is true...
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...Exploration of Knowledge Darchelle Mitchell University of Phoenix Personal Exploration of Knowledge What is epistemology? Simply put, it is the science or study of knowledge. It is curious that often human beings do not question the origin of knowledge, especially concerning common-sense beliefs and practices, taking on the notion that having been there always, it is tested, established, and proven to be true over practice. If knowledge is socially created and structured by man, it will also be subject to the flaws and fallibility and human thought. Epistemology addresses this by asking questions like - how is knowledge acquired and established, how do we know what we know, what is knowledge? These are basic and intriguing questions about knowledge that is not often addressed by us human beings when confronted with new or ordinary ideas and knowledge systems. They are important to ask however simply because human society's bedrock is knowledge; we live our lives influenced by systems of knowledge that control our ways of thinking, doing, and living from our simplest to most complicated tasks. Epistemology To truly understand epistemology as the philosophy and science of knowledge, it is important to understand what knowledge means. Knowledge is the knowing and familiarity of a skill, a person, an event, of facts, of descriptions, of abstract concepts. Acquiring knowledge can happen...
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...Introduction Critical Realism theory has to do with the objects of science. This includes both the transitive and intransitive objects. The transitive objects are those that are constructed socially and change according to how much and how fast the theories of science do change. Intransitive objects on the other hand have nothing to do with the social issues, and do exist independent of the human’s knowledge of their existence. Social constructivism comes about when we come up with theories about them using our intellect, history and even social issues which are used to explain several phenomena. This can be seen in the explanation of gravity, which exists independent of our knowledge of it. Social construction has occurred in this subject, whereby intellect gained from areas like history and social events (Fopp, 2008). Social Constructionism and Critical Realism: Homelessness in Australia Their Role in Housing Theory Social constructionism is a theory that attempts to explain how social issues are constructed in the social contexts. This utilizes the intellect gained from history and social life to explain the different phenomena. A social construct is a...
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...infrastructures and practices. New best practices, business models, innovations, and strategies are emerging, including new ways to acquire, assimilate, and share knowledge. Using technologies that are already developed or that will be deployed over the next five years, best practices in knowledge sharing not only are diffusing rapidly but will be substantially reinvented in all settings: educational institutions, corporations, government organizations, associations, and nonprofits. But institutions of learning are in a unique position to benefit from an added opportunity: providing leadership in e-knowledge. T A REVOLUTION IN Donald M. Norris is President, Strategic Initiatives, Inc. Jon Mason is Executive Consultant, education.au limited, and Assistant Director, Educational Technology Standards Australia. Robby Robson is President and Senior Partner, Eduworks Corporation, and chair of the IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee. Paul Lefrere is Executive Director E-learning, Microsoft EMEA, and Professor of E-learning, University of Tampere, Finland. Geoff Collier is CFO and Senior Partner, Eduworks Corporation. KNOWLEDGE SHARING By Donald M. Norris, Jon Mason, Robby Robson, Paul Lefrere, and Geoff Collier 14 EDUCAUSE r eview September/October 2003 © 2003 Donald M. Norris, Jon Mason, Robby Robson, Paul Lefrere, and Geoff Collier Photo by Garry Landsman, © 2003 September/October 2003 EDUCAUSE r eview 15 E-knowledge finds expression...
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...Supreme among all Incarnations of God, who established Dharma (religion) and who is the embodiment of all dharmas") ******************************************************************************************* Let us start with what the great Rajaji (C.Rajagopalachari) said about Bhajagovindam: RAJAJI’S INTRODUCTION “Adi Sankaracharya wrote a number of Vedantic works for imparting knowledge of the Self and the Universal Spirit. He also composed a number of hymns to foster Bhakti in the hearts of men. One of these hymns is the famous Bhajagovindam. The way of devotion is not different from the way of knowledge or Jnana. When intelligence matures and lodges securely in the mind, it becomes wisdom. When wisdom is integrated with life, and issues out in action, it becomes Bhakti. Knowledge, when it becomes fully mature, is Bhakti. If it does not get transformed into Bhakti, such knowledge is useless tinsel. To believe that Jnana and Bhakti, knowledge and devotion, are different from each other, is ignorance. If Shri Adi Sankara himself who drank the ocean of Jnana as easily as one picks water from the palm of one’s hand, sang in his later years hymns to develop devotion, it is enough to show that Jnana and Bhakti are one and the same. Sri Sankara has packed into the Bhajagovindam song the substance of all Vedanta, and set the oneness of Jnana and Bhakti to melodious music.”...
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