...In today’s globalized world, the theory of world politics that above all else remains most applicable is Realism. As long as human beings have walked this earth, their primary interests have always been exactly the same. Humans have always had a natural interest to survive, and usually will meet this interest at all costs. These natural interests humans have to better position themselves for survival hold true even if it is at the expense of others, which is evident throughout world history and politics. Historically humans have also always struggled for power, and act mostly in their own self-interests in order to position themselves for more power, which ultimately means a better chance of survival. In order to achieve this, these groups work to attain as many resources as possible. Each and every one of these characteristics that humans share are also some of the most basic assumptions of Realism, proving how applicable it is in every society all over the planet (Ferraro Lecture). These viewpoints are very common throughout world politics and always have been. Therefore, as long as humans walk this planet, the ideas of Realism will do so as well. Humans have had a natural interest to survive since the beginning of their existence. One of the most basic fundamentals of realism is that the primary concern of every nation state is survival. This not only means survival for ones self, but for their families and their communities. This basic human instinct has shaped every aspect...
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...Professor White PAR 101 December 7, 2015 A Moral Realism Believer Ayer claims that any talk about right and wrong, good and bad, is just a matter of “emoting” or expressing one’s feelings while a moral realist would think the total opposite. A moral realist believes that all moral questions are real questions and every answer to those questions can be either true or false. Ayer is labeled as an anti-moral realist due to his fervent claims to his belief. Regardless of anyone’s feelings or emotions, I believe that there is always a reason why the answer should be true and a reason for why the answer should be false. Ayer’s view on moral claim is incorrect because a moral claim is one that attempts to define what is right or wrong. Anti-moral realists believe that emotivism is more influential and moral realists believe that there should be a legit reason behind every answer. The debate between moral realists and anti-realists assumes a variety of claims can be recognized as moral claims. In my opinion, moral realists have common sense. With that advantage, there are a number of powerful arguments on why moral realism is the right way to go which include: the knowledge of a moral realist, the realism/antirealism debate, moral cognitivism and descriptivism, and the truth in moral judgements. “A moral realist believes that there is at least one moral fact, and moral facts are not reducible to non-moral facts. Moral statements are true or false, and at least one moral statement...
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...influence and industrialization. The Romantics were a group of writers, artists, composers, and thinkers, that challenged these influences to say that the human feels, as in emotion, before thinking, that the heart was just as important as the head and emphasized the emotion in individuals by focusing on the beauty of nature, the power of love, the world of dreams, the exotic, the mysterious and the strange. With the focus on natural goodness and empathy for the oppressed, it helped to celebrate the self and glorify nature in a time of extreme poverty amongst the people. The arts of the latter half of the nineteenth century gave way to Realism, then to Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Artists such as Monet and van Gogh began to express the everyday world as if to capture the subject’s beauty at that particular moment in time. Through realism, artists attempted...
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...TJ Eng. 320-Realism and Naturalism in American Literature 27-July-14 To Be or Not to Be A “Mother-Woman” “Who am I?” This is a hard question to answer. It is arguably the question that we most commonly ask ourselves, even in this day and age. The concept of who we are is so closely linked with what we do, that sometimes it is hard to distinguish one from the other. Motherhood from the “Realistic” point of view seems horrible! If someone were to ask me who I am, there is a whole list of words that I could use to describe myself, such as housewife, student, and caregiver. The social commentary of the late 19th century time period is just starting to look past the ideal woman, who was described as the “mother-woman,” to the version of femininity that is trying to be more of an equal with men. The definition of feminism is “the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes” (MW 236). Nothing in that definition leads me to conclude, as Edna seems to believe, that motherhood is the one thing that will retard her individual growth. Although feminists claim that The Awakening by Kate Chopin portrays a woman stifled by a society controlled by men, ultimately the decision to act selfishly or selflessly belongs to Edna. There is more than one choice given in the text of who and what Edna could be. Edna could become the selfless “mother woman” that society is looking for, or the more selfishly motivated single woman who makes her own way in the...
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...From Theory of Film In his article, From Theory of Film, German journalist, engineer, and sociologist, Siegfried Kracauer, argues that instantaneous photography was the “decisive factor in establishing film content,” and explores the films of the Lumiêre brothers and George Mêliês, for the way they utilized photography in creating their films (147). Similar to photography, the responsibility of a film camera is to reproduce the essence of real life. A film camera reproduces this essence through basic and technologically properties. The basic properties of film are similar to photography because both mediums “record and reveal physical reality and gravitate toward it,” by exploring many different dimensions (Kracauer 148). On the other hand, film has a unique aspect to it that very few mediums, if any, share. The technological properties of film, allow a filmmaker to create meaning through editing. Therefore, a filmmaker has the ability to place two shots next to each other to contrive a certain mood or meaning they want to convey to their audience. Editing has certainly contributed to the cinematic world, but Kracauer refers to the distinct differences between the means, in which editing is used. He argues that a film keeping with the basic properties, but not up to par technologically is more specifically a film then one with all the cinematic devices because the film is more camera-conscious (Kracauer 149). This argument is explored further in Lumiêre, who developed “photography...
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...Summary Response How are video games too real for children? The article “Are Violent Video Games Too Real for Kids?” (via ABC news) seems to believe the sole cause of this is depictions of 9/11, whether intentional by the game manufacturer or not. This article also makes the statement that action figures can somehow have the same effect. But what’s the problem? It’s certainly not exposing the children to violence at so young an age as both a twelve and thrteen year old can tell you that 9/11 should be taken out of video games. Even mother’s agree that 9/11 has no place in video games. Remember, don’t forget to watch for the signs of pent-up gaming emotions. Though most everyone would agree, 9/11 reenactments have no place in today’s video games, most people would agree, it’s not the sole cause of video game violence; beyond that, what’s an article with so broad a title as this doing focusing on such specific arguments as 9/11 in games? Seriously, reading this article leaves a sour and decidedly acrid taste in the mouth. From the very beginning, it seems to take the assumption that actions figures of past ages have the same effect as violent video games of this age as it compares the Cold War era family with children and actin figures as being the same as the modern family with same-aged children and violent video games. Past this, the article doesn’t even have the semblance of an assertion beyond talking about 9/11 virtually constantly. Instead, it simply flits back and forth...
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...Student’s name Professor’s name Class Date The Commentary of “Scene Sisters” Culture is inseparably connected with the political life of a country. The same thing happened in China: the end of Mao’s era provoked the cultural growth in the country and, as a result, introduced new forms and another thinking to the arts. Young filmmakers known as the fifth generation revolutionized film language and film styles in Chinese cinema (Zhang 226). The period of 1979-1989 brought many significant changes in Chinese National Cinema, such as the transition from social realism to humanism and the emergence of visual effects, which are the main argument of the article “The PRC: Humanism, the Avant-Garde and Commercialism”. There was a great difference between the Mao and the post-Mao eras in Chinese culture and, especially, art. The films of a famous Chinese director Xie Jin show the changes in cinematography after Mao’s death. Xie Jin’s films of the 1980s reflect the changing cinematic landscape in the post-Mao years (Zhang 229). The differences between two eras are evidently seen in Xie’s film “Stage Sisters” where the director through theater showed government’s attempts to hide problems, war consequences, and the impossibility of proper art developing. Moreover, the film clearly demonstrates the changes between the fourth and the fifth generations of directors. The main feature of the fifth generation was humanism that means the priority of humans over politics as well...
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...Katrina Angelica A. LS201 Submitted to: Sir. Francisco Noel Fernandez III 20 October 2014 I. Introduction Hans J. Morgenthau, one of the leading proponents of the approach known as Realism (also known as power politics), claims that universal standards of morality cannot be an constant guide to IR because there is an "ineluctable tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action." He argues that state actors must think and act in terms of power and must do whatever it takes to defend the national interests of their state. J. Ann Tickner, commenting on the primacy of power in Morgenthau's writings, explains that what he considers to be "a realistic description of international politics is only a picture of the past and therefore not a prediction about the future", and proposes what she considers to be a feminist alternative: a world in which state actors think of power in terms of collective empowerment, not in terms of domination over one another, could produce more cooperative outcomes and pose fewer conflicts between the dictates of morality and the power of self-interest (Art & Jervis, 2005). Emergence of Feminism Most of the early feminists in IR were IR theorists, researchers, and policy practitioners, who read syllabi full of scholarly articles by mainly or only men, and seen IR as a scholarly place often hostile to women and femininity. Feminist scholarship came into the discipline of International Relations(IR) around the 1980s...
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...or a spike in your arm” said T.C. Boyle on hub pages.com. One of America's most accomplished writers, T.C. Boyle also known as Tom Coraghessan Boyle is the author of 25 works of fiction and more than 100 short stories. According to an article T. Coraghessan Boyle written by Knudsen, James Boyle’s work has appeared in The Atlantic, Esquire and The New Yorker, and has been translated into more than 25 languages and won numerous awards. He is also a professor at the University of Southern California, where he found the creative writing undergraduate program. Boyle holds a Ph.D. in 19th-century British literature from Iowa State University. Currently he lives in Santa Barbara with his wife and three children. His latest publication is a second volume of short fiction, T.C. Boyle Stories II. Boyles has been recognized consistently for his work. This paper will cover his writing style, accomplishments, and critiques According to an article named, ‘ T Coraghessan Boyle’ written by Adams, Michael; Long, Douglas says many of Boyle's novels and short stories explore the baby boomer generation. His themes, such as the often-misguided efforts of the male hero and the smooth appeal of the anti-hero, appear alongside brutal satire, humor, and magical realism. His fiction also explores the pitiless and the unpredictability of nature and the toll human society unintentionally takes on the environment. T.C. Boyle is a writer of American Literature. He writes fiction in the form of short...
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...historically or aesthetically significant” in 1991. Sin City on the other hand is a 2005 neo-noir film produced and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez. The former being an actual film from Hollywood’s most celebrated but relatively unknown era in filmography, differs vastly from that of Sin City but at the same time drawing similarities in comparison generated from the various aspects of film noir. This will be further analyzed by comparing the two films to what film noir is comprised of. Looking back into the history of film noir and why it was deemed so important, there were four catalytic elements that could define the technique and the distinct trait of noir drew from them. War and post war disillusionments, post war realism, the German influence and the hardboiled traditions. Out of the Past was heavily based around these elements as it was of that time period whereas Sin City made only a few years back, had no direct relation with such elements. However, Sin City still retained many similarities, as they are two films of the same filmography technique and style. Recurring themes from film noir are showcased in both the films such as...
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...story have been changed so much for the film version that at the end it’s questionable at best if the overall message of the story comes across as intended. Beginning with the moral of the story, in an article by Joyce Carol Oates herself entitled "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? & Smooth Talk: Short Story into Film” she discusses how she “deferred in the end to Joyce Chopra's [The Film’s Director] decision to reverse the story's conclusion… [in which] the film ends not with death, not with a sleepwalker's crossing over to her fate, but upon a scene of reconciliation, rejuvenation” (Oates, “Where” para 10). Yet, as this deferral might seem slight, in actuality it changes the whole tone of the story, as critic John Simon put it, “[this] disgraceful ending… turns allegory, Gothic horror, and tragedy into soap opera” (Simon, “Lowering” para 1). Yet, besides the ending Joyce Carol Oates did approve of the film, in the same article she also stated, that “Laura Dern is so dazzlingly right as "my" Connie that I may come to think I modeled the fictitious girl on her” (Oates, “Where” para 9). Before I go on I would briefly like to discuss a bit about the historical background of the story, one other thing this article discusses, 2 as well as a few of the other articles I researched discussed was how the character of Arnold Friend is actually based on a real life killer, “The Pied Piper of Tucson” Charles Schmid. He was a man in...
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...com Received: July 27, 2013 doi:10.5430/wjss.v1n1p20 Accepted: August 12, 2013 Online Published: August 13, 2013 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v1n1p20 Abstract This article reviews major theoretical perspectives to US foreign policy as well as on how these theoretical perspectives explain foreign policy decision making and conducting of the US. First, the paper will discuss the process of making foreign policy to sustain US core values and interests which are determined by five major categories of sources (i) the external environment, (ii) the societal environment of the nation, (iii) the governmental setting, (iv) the roles of foreign policymakers, and (v) the individual personalities of foreign policy-making elites (Wittkopf et al 2008, p. 15). Then, the paper will examine the defensive and offensive realism, liberalism, marxism, neoclassical realism, constructivism which can be based on to understand US foreign policy behaviour. It will be concluded that no single theory has the capacity to describe, explain and predict US foreign policy behaviour. A mixture of such theoretical approaches seems to be necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture of US foreign policy. Keywords: US foreign policy, defensive and offensive realism, liberalism, marxism, neoclassical realism, constructivism 1. Introduction This paper aims to examine some of the prominent approaches to US foreign policy which have been put forth by International Relations scholars to explain...
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...artist, having learned his craft from books on drawing (Clun). This is something you can see when you compare their work. “Marilyn” by Flack uses some of the classical elements of a Vanitas painting while incorporating current elements to show the passing of time as well as the fragile human existence. She incorporates the vanity of celebrity along with the fragile fruit and timepieces to show the passing of time. Her use of color and texture give the painting the feel of a glossy photo. The reflection of the objects give the painting even more of the photographic feel to it. In very shiny detail from the fruit to the cloths and candlestick have a flow of realism to them. It is these objects that make the painting stay within the still life form. This in contrast to the black and white portrait of Marilyn in the magazine article. The distorted image in the mirror pays tribute to Marilyn by appearing to place the red lipstick upon her lips. Whether or not this is addressing her celebrity status or making a feminist statement, I am not sure. One of the things that stands out in the painting is the paintbrush just floating in the center of the painting and the connection the artist has with Marilyn. This is an interesting way to place her influence on the artist in the painting. Though the colors around the pictures of Marilyn are chaotic, it is still a somber piece reminding us all of time and how it waits for no one. The Homeless Warrior” by Clun is a portrait piece, which also...
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...assignment is NOT a “report.” That is, you will not find much information about the artwork at the museum. The point of this paper is to interpret the object based on similarities to other objects that are more “known.” Your interpretation should be made primarily of your own observations in relation to the information provided by the textbook and research you conduct about the artworks’ style, symbolism, cultural context, etc. You must support your observations with facts. Also you must properly cite your sources of information in a works cited list. Consult the articles on writing available on our MyECC teamsite in the Writing Resources folder. Examples of Symbols: sun, moon, star, flower, halo, cross, tree, horn, offering, body gesture, body type Themes: hierarchy/status, power, fertility, wealth, health, death, suffering, control of nature, man vs. animal, order, symbolic geometry, portraiture, abstract vs. naturalism/realism *You may choose ANY culture you like, BUT you MUST choose artwork made before the 15th century (before the year 1400 a.d.) – in other words, the essay must be on an ancient artwork...
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...A strategic approach to disruptive technologies 1 A strategic approach to disruptive technologies Disruptive change requires new strategies. When conditions change rapidly, organisations find their former approaches which have led to success in the past, are no longer effective. It can be hard to let go of these approaches if they have been a source of competitive advantage. This leads many managers to assume that successful responses to disruptive change are a matter of luck. But it is possible to craft strategies to best exploit opportunities ahead of the competition. Disruptive technologies/ disruptive innovations Harvard professor Clay Christensen coined the term disruptive technology, which he later renamed disruptive innovation. He identified that it was not the technology itself which was disruptive, but its impact on strategy or business models. Christensen’s theory developed the previous body of literature about discontinuity of organisational change. In summary: 1. A disruptive technology emerges. Initially it cannot match the performance of the existing dominant technology, on the factors which customers traditionally value. 2. The distinctive features of the disruptive technology are valued by a small fringe segment of customers, and increasing numbers of new customers. It is also typically cheaper, simpler, smaller or more convenient. 3. Incumbent players in the market conclude that investment in the disruptive technology is irrational, since their most...
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