...behavior, fixed action pattern or reflex. Types of learning are Habituation, Classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning. 2. Define classical conditioning, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. Describe how classical conditioning works by using the stimuli and responses in an example. Classical Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov. 3. Describe the processes of extinction and spontaneous recovery. Give an example of each. Extinction – condition stimulus alone; just the meat powder alone. Spontaneous recovery – condition stimulus alone; response spikes back up after extinction. 4. Define and give an example of stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination. Stimulus generalization – Stimulus discrimination – 5. Discuss how attention influences which stimulus is linked to the unconditioned stimulus. Define and give an example of second-order conditioning. (from lecture notes) Red light and Tone would now cause stimulation for salivating. 2 Conditional Stimulus. 6. Describe the relationship between classical conditioning and phobias, and classical condition and taste aversion. 7. Define the law of effect. Law of effect- responses followed by positive outcomes are repeated; those followed by negative outcomes are not repeated. Edward L. Thorndike. 8. Define operant conditioning, and explain how it differs from classical conditioning. Operant conditioning...
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...humans because many of them are poisonous and can cause great injury or even death if bitten by them. Coincidentally many people are fearful of spiders, which often time disables them with fear in the presence of this animal. Many people live their entire lives with the fear of spiders. This paper will discuss how these people can learn through exposure therapy to extinct their fear of spiders. Personally I am not afraid of spiders; however, my four-year-old daughter screams and runs out of the room at the sight of a crawling spider. Although the spider she is afraid of is not harmful, her mom, as a precaution has taught her that spiders are bad. Additionally, I believe that others like my daughter have been taught by someone close to them at a young age to be fearful of spiders because they are poisonous, and unattractive. There is evidence that offspring of a phobic individual are at greater risk for developing the same specific phobia subtype because children tend to mirror their parents’ tendencies and fears King, Muris (2004). According to the DSM-IV-TR American Psychiatric Association DBM-IV-TR, (2000), a specific phobia is characterized by clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to a specific feared object or situation. Exposure to the feared stimulus invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response that may take the form of a panic attack. Because of the fear of the specific object or situation, people with specific phobias tend to exhibit avoidance behavior...
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...Addiction is a national crisis. Patients will come to the clinic with complaints of pain or chronic issues seeking opioid like substances from APRNs. The H.R. 5590 bill will give the APRN the opportunity to provide guidance and treatment to the patient without cost to the patient, increasing adherence to follow through with an opioid addiction recovery plan. APRNs will need to remain aware of current and future congressional action to know the best action plans available. This current bill will make a positive impact in patients currently addicted to opioids. It should also decrease addiction rates for patients being treating with opioids for chronic pain. According to McGregor (2018), “President Donald Trump has declared the opioid epidemic a national public health emergency, which anticipates enhanced efforts to identify those in need and to create effective treatment and prevention...
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...costs and boosting efficiency in clinical and business areas of healthcare. The most growth has occurred as a result of the passage of the HITECH Act. Both public and private sectors are utilizing IT to meet new quality reporting standards, empower patients and serve as the backbone of emerging care delivery and payment reform models. Meaningful Use part 1 has come and gone with the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Meaningful Use part 2 and part 3 are heating up as portals, imaging and storage requirements are the latest requirements in scope. As part of Meaningful use stage 2 rolls out larger image workloads will cause networks to slow down and stall (Bolan, 2013). Information Technology and outsourcing potentials are the areas of discussion for this risk analysis briefing. Of particular interest are resolving server data and energy costs increases, potential security breaches and hacker vulnerability, storage of medical images and disaster recovery of images after a natural disaster. Finding solutions for these issues will come with risks that will need to be identified and analyzed to determine best response and a plan to monitor. Risk Identification First on the list to address are issues relating to server and energy costs, storage of medical images, maintaining security and disaster recovery. The volume and length of time data and images are required to be stored long term as required by the HITECH Act threatens to quickly surpass existing storage...
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...manages data that must be left in a consistent state for example if an electronic payment is made, the amount must be either both withdrawn from one account and added to the other, or none at all. In case of a failure preventing transaction completion, the partially executed transaction must be rolled back by the transaction process system. Characteristics of transaction process systems Rapid Response It has fast performance with a rapid response time is critical. Businesses cannot afford to have customers waiting for a TPS to respond, the turnaround time from the input of the transaction to the production for the output must be a few seconds or less. Reliability Many organisations rely heavily on their TPS; a breakdown will disrupt operations or even stop the business. For a TPS to be effective its failure rate must be very low. If a TPS does fail, then quick and accurate recovery must be possible. This makes well–designed backup and recovery procedures essential. Inflexibility A TPS wants every transaction to be processed in the same way regardless of the user, the customer or the time for day. If a TPS were flexible, there would be too many opportunities for non-standard operations, for example, a commercial airline needs to consistently accept airline reservations from a range of travel agents, accepting different transactions data from different...
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...Reardon v. U.S. 947 F.2d 1509 C.A.1 (Mass.),1991. Heard May 8, 1991. (Approx. 19 pages) [pic] Lien on real property created by CERCLA when Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determines that property owners may be liable for cleanup costs amounts to deprivation of a significant property interest within meaning of the due process clause. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, § 107(l ), as amended, 42 U.S.C.A. § 9607(l ); U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 5. Absence of notice and hearing may be justified by exigent circumstances. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 5. 92k251.5 k. Procedural Due Process in General. Most Cited Cases Constitution allows the process due to be tailored to fit realities of the situation. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 5. *1510 Lynn Wright, with whom Robin F. Price and Edwards and Angell, New York City, were on supplemental brief, for plaintiffs, appellants. George W. Van Cleve, Deputy Asst. Atty. Gen., with whom Barry Hartman, Asst. Atty. Gen., Washington, D.C., Wayne A. Budd, U.S. Atty., George B. Henderson, II, Asst. U.S. Atty., Boston, Mass., Stephen L. Samuels, Steve C. Gold, Jacques B. Gelin, Attys., Dept. of Justice, Charles Openschowski, Office of Gen. Counsel, E.P.A. and Luis Rodriguez, Asst. Regional Counsel, E.P.A., Washington, D.C., were on supplemental brief, for defendants, appellees. OPINION EN BANC TORRUELLA, Circuit Judge. After removing hazardous substances from property belonging to the Reardons, EPA filed...
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...Running head: A new deal to recovery From Boom to Depression HIS105: Contemporary U.S. History May 10, 2012 From Boom to Depression The period after the civil war was a time of physical, economic, social, political and geographical reconstruction for the United States of America. The nation had experienced mark destruction by the civil war. Slaves were now emancipated and must be considered. These events were marked turning points for the country. Of these turning points, the social security act and the 19th amendment were most influential in that they initiated an act of government that is still practiced today. 1. Identify at least (2) two major historical turning points in the period under discussion. The 19th Amendment The woman’s fight for their own equality and for others was not an easy one. It can be traced as far back to the first woman’s right convention in Seneca Falls, New York in July of 1848. It was here that the woman suffrage movement was launched and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was born. Some of the key sponsors for the launch were courageous women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia. Contributors to the movement were also abolitionists, whose goals at the time were to include equal rights for all, including that of the Negro male. In 1870, their fight was partially won with the passage of the 15th amendment to the Constitution, thus giving the Negro male the right to vote. The passing of the...
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...Nathalie Conti HLT310V – Foundations of Spirituality in Health Care Grand Canyon University February 12th, 2011 Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm The healing hospital paradigm focuses on the removal of stress and other health risks in the hospital environment for both patients and visitors. These factors are intrinsic to the hospital setting and not the ailments being treated within. For example, stress for patients is generated through painful therapeutic procedures, loss of social life, change in financial status due to the healthcare expenditures, etc. Minimization of these stressors ensures that the patient’s well-being is maintained while the comprehensive care and attention aspects of the paradigm ensures that patient’s recovery processes are maximized without infringements upon their privacy and dignity. The healing hospital paradigm involves healing the whole client (Young & Koopsen, 2006, p. 4) instead of just curing the disease. This emerges from the paradigm’s focuses on healing beyond the body physical: it aims to enhance the overall well being by addressing the patient’s and their families’ cognitive, emotional and spiritual concerns (Milstein, 2005). Within the context of the hospital setting, barriers and complexities must be overcome to create a healing environment. This paper examines the paradigm of the healing hospital, identifying its impact on the care giving process, detailing its components and illuminating its connection with spirituality...
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...One of the most crucial commercial fruit crops of the tropical and subtropical region of the world is, Guava (Psidium guajava L.) (Singh and Jain, 2007). Numerous countries of the World like Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Mexico, Brazil, USA include the commercial cultivation of Guava crop (Watson and Dallwitz, 2007). As compared to oranges, this fruit has high amount of citric acid, minerals and vitamins particularly vitamin C (Adrees et al., 2012). In Pakistan, Guava has the fourth highest production of crop with 0.55 million tons annual production. With the passage of time Agriculture is encountering with more drought conditions and water reduction is likely to put forth worst impact upon growth and productivity among abiotic stress...
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...Battle for Logan (A) * The battle for Logan Airport: American Airlines vs Jetblue * January, 2004 - Joe Smith, American Airlines VP of Strategy – realized that JetBlue Airways, one of the most recent entrants into the low-cost carrier (LCC) market, was five days away from commencing service at Boston’s Logan International Airport * Given the success of LCCs in other markets, Smith believed there was a good chance that the low fare prices those competitors offered would reduce American’s pricing power and load factor (a standard measure of capacity utilization) for those flights * Smith sat back in his chair and thought about the industry’s evolution and American’s position in it, while contemplating his course of action. * Airline industry overview - Prior to 1978, an airline’s ability to freely choose its routes and ticket prices was limited by strong regulatory controls. With the passing of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, however, government control of routes and fare pricing was eliminated, resulting in increased consolidation and competition and the emergence of unequal cost structures, as airlines jockeyed for a better market position and price advantage in the post-regulation era. By the start of the 1990s, industry consolidation had resulted in a handful of airlines’ controlling more than 90% of the U.S. air passenger transportation market. * Competition after deregulation increased dramatically at both the national and the regional levels...
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...Paradigm | | | Grand Canyon University:HLT-310(HLT-310V-0103) | 2/6/2013 | | The Healing Hospital paradigm is a new aspect that many hospitals are now taking into consideration, although modern medicine has many branches which in most cases have based their principles on scientific medical attention that involved the use of drugs to achieve the desired effects needed for a patient’s revival or progress health wise. However with the inclusion of the healing paradigm, most hospitals are seeing a positive increase in patient response to treatment and faster recovery time. Healing as the Oxford English Dictionary states, is the process of making or becoming sound or healthy again (oxforddictionaries.com), however it does not basically use medication to achieve its results, rather by tapping into the spirituality of the patient, and causing that desired peace and tranquility, patients have been known to show a high increase in response to treatment given. Unfortunately not all hospitals want to include a dedicated healing division as part of its responsibilities. The strong urge for profit has in many ways clouded the true backbone of the medical profession which swore an oath to always put patient compassion first. The purpose of this paper is to discourse the components of healing, the challenges involved for its setup and maintenance and finally to include the biblical representation of the need for healing based on heightened spirituality. Healing does not only...
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...Bryant and Stratton College ECON220: The History of Recessions in the U.S. Instructor: P, Created by: Brandon April 8, 2014 Throughout history the United States has gone through many economic ups and downs and has tried to create new procedures to ensure that the same problem does not occur again. In this presentation we are going to look at some of the recessions that the country has endured, how these recessions happened, when, and how the government attempted to correct the problem. While there are many different opinions on how to correct and prevent these recessions from happening we are going to look at the facts that lead to these crisis’ in the U.S. economy. The financial press often states the definition of a recession as two consecutive quarters of decline in real GDP. NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research) states that a recession is a period between a peak and a trough, which does not necessarily always consist of two consecutive quarters of decline in real GDP but a significant decline in economic activity that spreads across the economy and can last from a few months to more than a year. [1] The first recession we are going to explore is The Great Depression which many say started as a recession. Although the economy began to decline in the middle of 1929 and continued to fall until the first few months of 1933, Black Tuesday, (October 29, 1929) was the day the stock market crashed and what many people affiliate to the beginning of...
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...Linking Assessment and Instruction for Students with Disabilities Final Exam Study Guide Information of each of these topics can be found in the notes, textbook, class handouts, and presentation handouts Introduction to Assessment and the Law – Chapter 1 Define and identify examples of formative and summative assessment * Formative assessment * On going evaluation * Less formal * Used to adjust and monitor progress * Summative assessment * Evaluation at the end of a unit/ year * More formal * Assess student competency with a unit Identify and apply the 6 principles of IDEA * Procedural Due Process * Zero Reject * To include all students * Nondiscriminatory * To determine whether a student has a disability * The nature of special education and related services * Appropriate Education * To provide benefit and progress toward outcomes by following the IDEA process * Least restrictive environment * To ensure IEP outcomes by ensuring access to general education curriculum, extracurricular, and other activities * Parent and Student Participation Identify the impact of ESEA/NCLB on schools * Accountablility fro results * School safety * Parental choice * Teacher quality * Scientific based methods of teaching evidence based practices * Local flexibility * Standards-based education * Current * performance ...
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...Disaster Risk Reduction Management OBJECTIVES 1. Recognize salient points of RA 10121 2. Recognize the importance of DRRM 3. Assess risks of disaster 4. demonstrate their roles in managing disasters 5. Prepare kit according to disaster survival plan INPUT 1: RA 10121 Salient Points ONLY Definition of Terms "Disaster" - a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences, Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human, physical, mental and social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, Social and economic disruption and environmental degradation. "Disaster Risk Reduction and Management" - the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. Prospective disaster risk reduction and management refers to risk reduction and management...
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...Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a suite of commonsense requirements that together will help combat climate change, reduce air pollution that harms public health, and provide greater certainty about Clean Air Act permitting requirements for the oil and natural gas industry. The proposals are part of the agency’s broad-based strategy under the President’s Climate Action Plan to reduce emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane and smog-forming volatile organic compounds from this rapidly growing industry. The proposal will complement rules the agency issued in 2012 to reduce pollution from the oil and natural gas industry while helping ensure that development of these energy resources is safe and responsible. The World Health Organization defines air pollution as “the presence of material in the air in such concentration which are harmful to man and his environment.” In fact air pollution is the occurrence or addition of foreign particles, gases, and other pollutants into the air which have an adverse effect on human beings, animals, and vegetation. The various causes of air pollution are: combustion of natural gas, coal and wood in industries, automobiles, aircraft, railways, thermal plants, agricultural burning, kitchens, metallurgical processing (mineral dust, fumes containing fluorides, sulphides and metallic pollutants like lead, chromium, nickel, beryllium, arsenic vanadium, cadmium, zinc, mercury), processing industries like cotton textiles...
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