...Outline future options for Melbourne’s water resource Abstract Melbourne’s water reserves in the past 10 years have been exhausted; meanwhile climate change predictions indicate the pressure of water lack will be increasingly serious (Howe et.al 2005). This problem is not just for Melbourne, Australia and many other parts of the world also face to the water shortage problem. Since there is a grave water shortage in Melbourne, the policy of sustainable water management is becoming very important. In order to prevent further deterioration of water shortage in the future, the Victorian Government made a series of countermeasures. There are several projects to solve the scarcity of water problem in the future and work out Melbourne’s future water supply needs, such as water restriction in Melbourne; spending nearly 2 billion dollars to build one of the world’s biggest water desalination plants at South Melbourne; building catchment to collect and feed rain into eight of Melbourne’s reservoirs and protecting the water catchment area; establishing two large sewage treatment plants in east and west Melbourne. The other countries also did a lot to protect water resource such as Singapore used nearly half of the national area to build water reservoir; Moscow had developed high technology for Sewage treatment system. The Victorian Government dedicated in long-term water management to protect water security and in responding to Victoria's...
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...Issues in Australia Environment “How does Liverpool Council manage its waste?” Australians are among the world's largest producers of waste. Each Australian produced about 1 tonne of waste, which goes to landfill every year, with only 4% of waste recycled or re-used. The millions of tonnes of waste disposal into the environment every year are symbolic of our presently unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. The disposal and management of that waste is now an important issue for governments throughout Australia. The volume of waste per person increased from 1,200 kg to 2,100 kg over a ten-year period Waste Management Waste management is one of the geographical issues concerns that arise due to the changes in the environment. Geographical issue surrounding wastes include: the type of waste and the disposed of it and using waste as landfill, which consume large areas of land. In developed countries such as Australia, waste can be directly linked to over consumption of natural resources. The impacts of Waste Management The impacts of waste management are considerable. There are many problems associated with waste that make it a significant environmental issue. Waste that is disposed of in landfills has the potential to contaminate soil and groundwater, and emit greenhouse and toxic gases into the atmosphere. When waste is disposed of through incineration or other means, its impacts upon the environment, and potentially on human health, are also ...
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...[pic] Chapter 1 – Current Events | |The costs and benefits of recycling The most dramatic events of mid-2009 are, of course, those connected with the global financial crisis and its disastrous effects on output and unemployment throughout the world. These events lie in the realm of macroeconomics and are covered in the ‘current event’ entries for Chapter 10 through to 15. In this entry we look at the economics of recycling which provide an excellent topical illustration of an important economic principle – the relative size of marginal costs and benefits. Several States are considering extending the present range of recycling opportunities for households and the Productivity Commission has recently published a lengthy report on the issue. Here, using the analysis introduced in Chapter 1, we look at two aspects. First whether kerbside recycling is worth the effort, and second at the operation of container deposit legislation. About 90% of Australian households have access to kerbside recycling collections. They can place their waste in one of two bins. One bin is for general waste, the other for recyclables – typically aluminium cans, glass bottles and containers, paper and cardboard. Many of us make use of the separate bins and some take the task very seriously by, for example, rinsing out bottles before placing them in the recycle bin. Once the material in recycling bins has been collected local authorities incur costs in sorting the material and passing it on to firms...
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...associated have on the planet. Earthship (Ironbank, South Australia) Axel L. Rice n9472312 axel.rice@connect.qut.edu.au Tutorial: Juliet Tutor(s): Ali Livingstone and Charlotte Kessler Introduction The exemplar I have chosen to work on in this case study report is the Earthship; a self-sustaining green home concept designed by Earthship Biotecture of Taos, Mexico. Starting out as just an idea envisioned by Michael Reynolds in the 70s, the Earthship concept is now being physically implemented in various parts of the world. This paper will focus on the Ironbank, South Australia project which is,...
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...Australia’s Dynamic Water Industry Fostering excellence in water management About this publication Australia has a unique water challenge. Increasing variability in extreme climate conditions has required governments, industry and citizens to prioritise water management. This focus has led to distinctive approaches, changes in governance, behavioural change and technology innovation. Australia’s experience and approach to addressing water management challenges is regarded as among the most progressive in the world. This publication has been prepared by the Australian Water Association, with the support of the Australian Trade Commission (Austrade), the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR ), waterAUSTR ALI A and industry partners to illustrate some of the innovative solutions developed by Australian business and research groups that have built resilience to water management by urban, agricultural and industrial sectors across Australia. June 2011 (10-11-92) Disclaimer This publication has been prepared as a general overview. It is not intended to provide an exhaustive coverage of water innovation in Australia. The information is made available on the understanding that the Australian Trade Commission (Austrade), the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research and the Australian Water Association (the parties) are not providing professional advice. Therefore, while all care has been taken in the preparation of the report...
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...you Water (2012) Brand Audit ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ADV 201-Brand Building ------------------------------------------------- Tim Beaty ------------------------------------------------- By ------------------------------------------------- Mark Bell ------------------------------------------------- 00051469T ------------------------------------------------- Executive summary Thankyou Water operates in the highly competitive, 600 million dollar bottled water market in Australia. This relatively new brand is seeking take advantage of changes in social attitudes and trends in Australia. Each dollar of profit that is spent on Thankyou Water products goes toward providing water to developing nations across the world. Social changes, have dictated that consumers are more conscious of business profit; this presents an opportunity to Thankyou Water. Additionally Thankyou Water has had to be wary of changes in legislation and any demographic shifts in the Australian population. Technological changes will allow Thankyou Water to become more efficient in the distribution of its product and packaging. Thankyou Water’s competitive advantage lies in the price of its product, and the need in which it meets as a socially enterprise. With each dollar of profit going to numerous water projects, Thankyou Water, appeal to this ‘socially conscious consumer’ in the Australian bottled water market...
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...A “What does the data tell us about this building, its users or the surrounding environment?” To ensure future supplies of fresh, clean water we must conserve and reduce water consumption overall. If recycled water is used for toilet flushing and watering, approximately 20.7 million gallons of drinking water could be saved each year. Grey water must be considered as a viable option. With our increasing population numbers and climate change concerns, never has this issue been more important. Grey water is easier to treat and recycle than black water because it contains lower levels of contaminants. Using grey water is definitely an option for toilet flushing and irrigation. However, it does have some disadvantages. Grey water from the...
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...Water Sustainability Water management is a high priority for Coca Cola mainly because it is the main ingredient used in their products and is used extensively throughout their manufacturing process. With over 900 bottling plants across the globe which source water locally, the health of their business is dependent upon the communities and ecosystems they operate in. In 2009 Coca Cola achieved its seventh consecutive year of improved water use efficiency. They focus their water stewardship efforts in three areas: 1. Improve water efficiency, 2. Recycle the water used in operations and 3. Replenish through community restoration and protection initiative’s Some of the measures Coca Cola has undertaken in its water stewardship program include: * Compliance with all applicable local wastewater laws * Work to align their entire global system with their internal wastewater treatment standards which are often more strict than local legislation * They return 90% of the water used in manufacturing back into the environment in a safe condition and aim to return 100% by 2012 * Working to reduce the water used to produce 1 litre of beverage from 2.43 litres, down to 2.17 litres, nearly half way there * Since 2005 they have been involved in more than 320 community water partnerships in 86 countries to support locally relevant initiatives * Working with World Wildlife Fund, they are helping to measurably conserve seven of the world's most critical...
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...practice in Australia is a project of St James Ethics Centre © St James Ethics Centre 2 Contents Acknowledgments Summary Introduction Key findings The way forward Recommendations Introduction Brotherhood of St Laurence Gorman Industries Understanding the clothing industry Corporate responsibility and “sustainability” Developing tools for responsible business practice Roadmap methodology How we went about it Who we spoke to Overview of the garment supply chain The clothing industry roadmap Key sustainability issues in the garment sector Case study: Gorman Who is Gorman? The Gorman roadmap: Merino Tee and Forest Dress Unpicking the garment roadmap Design and production management Wool and cotton cultivation Processing raw materials and yarn manufacturing Knitting and weaving Fabric processing Cut make and trim Retailing and wholesaling Consumer use Textile waste and disposal Freight Towards sustainable garments Garment industry drivers Sources of information the HUB of responsible business practice in Australia is a project of St James Ethics Centre © St James Ethics Centre 5 6 6 7 11 12 14 14 15 15 17 18 19 19 20 22 22 23 28 28 29 32 32 34 39 43 45 48 51 55 56 58 60 60 61 3 Tools and resources Role of government Conclusions Recommendations Glossary of selected certification standards References the HUB of responsible business practice in Australia is a project...
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...Learning and Change for Sustainability at Yarra Valley Water Patrick Crittenden Suzanne Benn Dexter Dunphy A Case Study March 2010 Enquiries The Australian Research Institute in Education for Sustainability Graduate School of the Environment Macquarie University NSW 2109 ariescoordinator@gse.mq.edu.au (02) 9850 8597 2 Contents Introduction ............................................................................ 4 Methodology ............................................................................ 5 Background ............................................................................. 5 Approaches to Learning and Change at YVW .................................... 6 Creating a more innovative organisational culture.....................................6 Integrating environment as a strategic issue............................................7 Sustainability tools ..........................................................................9 The Natural Step................................................................................... 9 Life Cycle Assessment ...........................................................................11 Collaborative learning through stakeholder engagement ........................... 12 Linking culture, strategy and mechanisms for learning and change ......13 Organisational learning ................................................................... 14 Conclusion ....................................................................
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...implemented in just 18 months, including the implementation of a new warehouse management system. The procedures took into account the current requirements of all five brands. This bought out the new facility layout and requirements and the overarching Adidas warehouse management system requirements (Total Logistic 2014). Transportation Adidas is one of the global leaders in the sporting goods industry. However, Adidas needs transportation as an essential for the development of their company. Besides, transportation is one of the important ring in logistics that enables trading between people as it is the physical link connecting the firm to its suppliers and customers (Lambert, Stock & Ellram 2006). Adidas utilize an international water carrier to ship their products, etc. general cargo ships. Furthermore, Adidas also...
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...the economic environment. What does sustainability mean? Every day we hear the term ‘sustainable’ or ‘sustainability’ being used to describe a large number of issues and news items. There is the ‘sustainable economy’, ‘sustainable agriculture’, ‘economically sustainable’, ‘the need to be sustainable’, ‘sustainable work practices’ and ‘sustainable water supply’ to name a few. The Brundtland Report, Our Common Future, is seen by many as one of the first global reports to address sustainable development. This report defined sustainable development as: “…development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Brundtland (1987) National strategy for ecologically sustainable development Sustainable Development is defined by the Australian Government’s National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development as: “…using, conserving and enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be maintained.” Commonwealth of Australia (1992) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) defines sustainable development in reference to the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, spanning from...
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...FEASIBILITY OF TWO FRESH WATER SUPPLY TECHNIQUES IN SUDAN 1.0 INTRODUCTION Access to clean water is considered a basic human right and in many countries when sustainable development is considered, water is at the top of the list of priorities (Omer, 2008). The value of water is increasingly felt in areas such as Sudan, where precipitation is inadequate while temperatures are high resulting in dry or arid conditions (Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), cited in USAID, 2010). Two-thirds of the country is arid and rainfall is less than 400mm annually. Regardless of the fact that about 60% of Sudan lies within the Nile basin, it only draws 18.5x109 m3 from the Nile’s annual flow of 84x109m3 and added to its internal supply of 12x109m3, the water availability falls considerably below the water stress limit of 1000m3 per head (ibid). According to FAO, (cited in USAID, 2010), in Sudan the renewable water resource per capita at 2008 stood at 726m3/person/year and is projected to be 617m3/person/year in 2015. It is low and rapidly dropping every year (ibid) and unless measures are taken, many citizens will be living without a basic human right. Since Sudan cannot rely on rainfall which is sporadic and concentrated in 4 months for most areas (Omer, 2008), water management techniques need to be implemented to ensure availability of potable water. Sudan is bordered by the Red Sea to the east which makes desalination a viable option but the cost implications and negative...
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...bags a week are buried, ditched and dumped in our country. A couple of plastic bags blowing in the wind couldn’t hurt, could it? Potentially putting our environment at risk of damage, and affecting the clean green nature of New Zealand. Dangers Of Using Plastic Bags Environmental Damage Plastic bags have been known to cause a lot of environmental damage. A single plastic bag can take up to 1000 years, to decay completely. This makes the bags stay in environments longer, in turn leading to great build-up on the natural landscape (much more than degradable materials like paper). In other words, the more plastic bags you use, the greater the chances of environmental damage. Threat To Animal Life As per Marrickville Council of Australia, as many as 100,000 whales, turtles and birds die have been reported to die every year, mainly because of plastic in their environment. Plastic bags not only have adverse effects on our natural habitats, but have also been found to be responsible for the death of many animals, mainly on account of the suffocation encountered on eating them. Suffocation Not only animals, infants and young children have also been reported to have lost their life, on account of plastic bags. Since plastic bags are thin and airtight as well, children often end up blocking their mouths and nostrils with them. In case they are not being monitored by an adult, this leads to suffocation and, in some cases, even death. Pollution Plastic bags are extremely...
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...RECYCLING Coca-Cola Amatil (CCA) is one of Australia's largest premium branded beverage and food companies. CCA is committed to conduct business in ways that protect and preserve the environment and to integrate principles of environmental stewardship and sustainable development into business decisions and processes. In 2011, CCA continued the $450 million Group-wide rollout of 'blowfill', or PET bottle selfmanufacture technology, with three additional lines commissioned in Australia. „Blowfill‟ has enabled CCA to design new lightweight primary and secondary packaging, PET bottles, and has enabled the saving of thousands of tonnes of raw materials. CCA‟s Mount Franklin Easy-Crush Bottle went into the market in 2011as the lightest weight Australian-produced 600mL water bottle made with 35 percent less PET plastic and a carbon footprint that is 27% less than the previous Mount Franklin bottle. The Mount Franklin Easy-Crush Bottle is 100 per cent recyclable and easily crushed when empty, making it easier to be recycled. This innovation was awarded Gold in the Australian Packaging Covenant Sustainability Award category of the 2011 Australian Packaging Design Awards. 'Blowfill' technology, along with CCA‟s investment in technology to manufacture the PET preforms and caps used in bottle manufacture, has enabled the company to lightweight its entire small carbonated soft drink PET plastic bottle range, making them the lightest bottles in the global Coca-Cola system. When the rollout of the...
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