...assessment of formal operational risk disclosure in relation to the vertically integrated poultry producer Pilgrim’s Pride Corporation (PPC). Overall PPC establishes fair reporting of operational risks, however, these disclosures will be evaluated based on the risk related information formally disclosed in the company’s financial statements in contrast with evaluation of risk present considering bias of company risk measurement as well as assessment of risk applicable as determined from informal and third party sources. This report will specifically analyze risk in this way in regards to market risk, supply chain risk, country risk and environmental risk applicable to and disclosed by PPC. MARKET RISK PPC experiences significant to market risk in its operations. The following analyzes this risk in regards to its three main components: competitive rivalry, segments and seasonality. Competitive Rivalry PPC recognizes competition as a significant risk to its operations in its 2012 10-K. The company notes that the market remains fairly concentrated, with the four main chicken producers accounting for over 50% of the US industry’s market share. The company also discloses that it operates as the second largest in the US with a market share of 17.4%.1 As a result PPC discloses this market concentration and competitive rivalry as significant risk factors to the company. PPC does not disclose any additional data for the analysis of this risk in its 10-K. This is not uncommon...
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...The economic and social consequences of trade agreements have become a major area of research in recent years. Much of this has to do with regional economic integration, where countries in a geographic region, reduce and remove tariff and non-tariff barriers to the free flow of goods, services and production between each other (Hill, 2005). On the 1 January, 1994, such a trade agreement came into affect between America, Mexico and Canada. This was known as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This removed all barriers to the trade of goods and services within the member countries, the protection of intellectual property rights, application of national environmental standards and the establishment of two commissions with power to impose fines and remove trade privileges when such standards are ignored involving the environment, health and safety, wages and child labour (Hill, 2005). There is a belief that agreements designed to promote free trade within regions will benefit trade for all the countries involved, and also the rest of the world (Abbott and Moran, 2002). While regional economic integration, or foreign direct investment, is seen as a good thing, some observers worry that it could lead to a world in which regional trade blocs compete against each other. We are seeing the formation of many trading blocs continuing today as the need for it has become essential for countries and their firms to compete in the global market place (Seid, 2002). Although...
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...V O LU M E 1 9 | N U M B E R 2 | S PRING 2007 Journal of APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE A MO RG A N S TA N L E Y P U B L I C AT I O N In This Issue: Valuation, Capital Budgeting, and Disclosure Enterprise Valuation Roundtable Presented by Ernst & Young 8 Panelists: Richard Ruback, Harvard Business School; Trevor Harris, Morgan Stanley; Aileen Stockburger, Johnson & Johnson; Dino Mauricio, General Electric; Christian Roch, BNP Paribas; Ken Meyers, Siemens Corporation; and Charles Kantor, Lehman Brothers. Moderated by Jeff Greene, Ernst & Young. The Case for Real Options Made Simple 39 Raul Guerrero, Asymmetric Strategy Valuing the Debt Tax Shield 50 Ian Cooper, London Business School, and Kjell G. Nyborg, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration Measuring Free Cash Flows for Equity Valuation: Pitfalls and Possible Solutions 60 Juliet Estridge, Morgan Stanley, and Barbara Lougee, University of San Diego Discount Rates in Emerging Markets: Four Models and an Application 72 Javier Estrada, IESE Business School Rail Companies: Prospects for Privatization and Consolidation 78 James Runde, Morgan Stanley A Real Option in a Jet Engine Maintenance Contract 88 Richard L. Shockley, Jr., University of Indiana A Practical Method for Valuing Real Options: The Boeing Approach 95 Scott Mathews, The Boeing Company, Vinay Datar, Seattle University, and Blake Johnson, Stanford University Accounting for Employee...
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...Research Proposal: Finance; (Financial Engineering, Financial Mathematics & Risk Management) By:Syed Asad Raza Naqvi Index Introduction and Background………………………………………………………………………….3 Interested areas for research and further study (Research Proposal)……………….3 Further explanation of the intended research topics………………………………………..4 Securitization…………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Credit Derivatives…………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Hybrid Products……………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Re-Securitization……………………………………………………………………………………………..8 Contribution of these products towards Financial Crisis…………………………………..8 Improper Risk Management role in Financial Crisis………………………………………….9 Risks………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..10 Market Risk……………………………………………………………………………………………………..11 Credit Risk……………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 Liquidity Risk……………………………………………………………………………………………………11 Interest Rates and the Financial Crisis………………………………………………………………12 Relation between low interest rate and financial crisis…………………………………….12 Role of Rating Agencies……………………………………………………………………………………14 Structure Finance Products and Rating Agencies……………………………………………..14 Regulations Then and Now………………………………………………………………………………15 BASEL II……………………………………………………………………………………………………………16 Enhancements of Basel II…………………………………………………………………………………18 The Resecuritisation Exposure Using IRB Approach………………………………………….18 The Resecuritisation Exposure Using Standardized Approach…………………………...
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...human beings operating in a professional way” – William H. Donaldson, CFA “The global crisis was caused by “the over-50s not knowing what the under-30’s were doing” – Johann Rupert, Remgro Chairman “The first casualty of a downturn is truth” - Financial Times Columnist 30 Sept 2008 Introduction- The banking crisis was triggered by largely unregulated trading of complex financial instruments, including mortgaged-backed securities, which dragged down some of the USA’s largest banks and brokerages as the housing bubble of the mid-2000s collapsed and foreclosures soared. In addition, generous pay and bonuses on Wall Street were tied to lucrative but risky short-range trading strategies rather than long- term performance. Bankers, brokers and traders were rewarded handsomely for doing risky deals without...
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...Keeping Others in Mind: The Very Social Cognition of Asian Managers Zhixing Xiao* Steven K. Su** 1 Introduction Do we need a separate model of psychology to describe how Asians process information in the managerial context? Do Asian and Western managers evaluating the same business decision take fundamentally different paths and reach different conclusions? One view might hold that just as the rules of mathematics are identical in the East and West, the rules of analysis in business will tend to be very similar, and hence no special differentiation is necessary for the Asian context. We suggest that while business organizations in each culture engage in similar behavior, there are nonetheless deep social differences that pervade how information is processed. We offer as an analogy the difference between dining in China and dining in the West. In both contexts, the major activity of the patrons is to receive a meal in exchange for payment. Aside from the fact that the food in these restaurants tastes different, many differences in venue reflect different social beliefs and assumptions. In the West, restaurants are usually equipped with rectangular tables, often suitable for two to four people, at which the diners randomly take seats. In China, it is more common to have large round tables that allow each individual to directly face a large number of compatriots. Seats around the table are not random, but instead have hierarchical status: those facing the door are usually...
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...Management (‘IAM’) is the proud sponsor of the IAM Hedge Fund Research Programme of the Financial Markets Group. Within this programme the LSE team undertakes independent research into aspects of the hedge fund industry. It is hoped that the results of this research will give greater understanding about this growing area of financial innovation. This research paper gives a broad introduction to the hedge fund industry, the historical background to the evolution of hedge funds, the fund of funds industry and provides an explanation of some of the terminology used within this area. As an overview of the industry the document does not attempt to address the use of hedge funds within the broader context of portfolio management such as organisational risk or other areas of concern for the investor. This is a nontechnical paper and as such is intended for students or practitioners seeking a general introduction and reference tool. It is not a survey of the research literature and citations are kept to a minimum. If you wish to keep updated on the IAM Hedge Fund Research Programme please let us know. If you have any questions please contact IAM at our London office or visit our website: 34 Sackville Street London W1S 3EF Tel. +44 (0)20 7734 8488 www.iam.uk.com For information about the research activities of the Financial Markets Group see the following page or visit the FMG website (http://fmg.lse.ac.uk.) London School of Economics Financial Markets Group The Financial Markets Group (‘FMG’)...
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...[Que : 1] Define : Globalization Ans : from a strategic management point of view, organizations that are either seeking a global presence or maintaining and developing one have the necessary command of the volume and quality of resources, expertise, capability and willingness in the first place. This appears very trite. However, it is essential to consider the case from this perspective initially. This is because top managers of organizations with a strong domestic presence and peripheral activities in several other countries begin to describe themselves as global. It is a short step from this into getting sidetracked into existing, glamorous, messy, dangerous – and costly – adventure in locations about which they know and understand very little, and often care even less, except from the point of view of financial return. Glonalisation is a process whereby organizations seek to establish a presence in the majority of countries, markets and communities of the world. Globalization (or globalisation) describes a process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and trade. The term is sometimes used to refer specifically to economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. However, globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic...
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...Secular Stagnation: Facts, Causes and Cures Edited by Coen Teulings and Richard Baldwin CEPR Press a A VoxEU.org Book Secular Stagnation: Facts, Causes, and Cures A VoxEU.org eBook Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Centre for Economic Policy Research 3rd Floor 77 Bastwick Street London, EC1V 3PZ UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7183 8801 Email: cepr@cepr.org Web: www.cepr.org ISBN: 978-1-907142-77-2 © CEPR Press, 2014 Secular Stagnation: Facts, Causes, and Cures A VoxEU.org eBook edited by Coen Teulings and Richard Baldwin CEPR Press abcde Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) is a network of almost 900 research economists based mostly in European universities. The Centre’s goal is twofold: to promote world-class research, and to get the policy-relevant results into the hands of key decision-makers. CEPR’s guiding principle is ‘Research excellence with policy relevance’. A registered charity since it was founded in 1983, CEPR is independent of all public and private interest groups. It takes no institutional stand on economic policy matters and its core funding comes from its Institutional Members and sales of publications. Because it draws on such a large network of researchers, its output reflects a broad spectrum of individual viewpoints as well as perspectives drawn from civil society. CEPR research may include views on policy, but the Executive Committee of the Centre does not give prior...
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...CPA Mock Evaluation CFE, Day 1-individual certification related to Capstone 1 Case Page 1 Cap 1 Background Information Mission is the same: Arndt Industries Ltd. (AI) is committed to manufacturing innovative, quality products Under the current company structure, each company acts as its own investment centre (lots of independence to operate). All divisions (except Engineered Products) and corporate continue to be managed by family members. Some shareholders wanted to sell shares within the family. As well there was an openness to the idea of private equity or IPO. (Catherine’s comment in the Board Meeting) A formal succession plan was deemed important. The corporate office must approve all external financing (i.e. borrowing outside the operating lines of credit). Additionally, under current policy, capital investments over $1.5 million must be purchased with long-term debt rather than by using the operating line of credit and must be approved by the corporate office. The bank is willing to provide up to $50 million at an annual rate of 7.5%, to be repaid monthly over a period of 15–25 years, as long as the following conditions are met: 1. A minimum return on assets of 10% (calculated using after-tax income and total assets); 2. A maximum ratio of debt to tangible net worth of 2:1; and 3. A minimum current ratio of 1.5:1. Any long-term loans for expansion must be renegotiated every five years. Due to a long standing relationship with the bank and a history...
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...CORPORATE FINANCE T H IRD E DIT ION JONATHAN BERK STANFORD UNIVERSITY PETER D E MARZO STANFORD UNIVERSITY Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo To Rebecca, Natasha, and Hannah, for the love and for being there —J. B. To Kaui, Pono, Koa, and Kai, for all the love and laughter —P. D. Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Katie Rowland Executive Development Editor: Rebecca Ferris-Caruso Editorial Project Manager: Emily Biberger Managing Editor: Jeff Holcomb Senior Production Project Manager: Nancy Freihofer Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol Melville Cover Designer: Jonathan Boylan Cover Photo: Nikreates/Alamy Media Director: Susan Schoenberg Content Lead, MyFinanceLab: Miguel Leonarte Executive Media Producer: Melissa Honig Project Management and Text Design: Gillian Hall, The Aardvark Group Composition and Artwork: Laserwords Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley/Jefferson City Cover Printer: Lehigh Phoenix Text Font: Adobe Garamond Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text and on this copyright page. Credits: Cover: Sculpture in photo: Detail of Flamingo (1973), Alexander Calder. Installed in Federal Plaza, Chicago. Sheet metal and paint, 1615.4 x 1828.8 x 731...
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...Opinion of consumers towards credit card usage A Study in Chandigarh 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 History As far back as the late 1800s, consumers and merchants exchanged goods through the concept of credit, using credit coins and charge plates as currency. It wasn't until about half a century ago that plastic payments as we know them today became a way of life. 1.1a Early beginnings In the early 1900s (Ben Woolsey, 2011), oil companies and department stories issued their own proprietary cards, according to Stan Sienkiewicz, in a paper for the Philadelphia Federal Reserve entitled "Credit Cards and Payment Efficiency." Such cards were accepted only at the business that issued the card and in limited locations. While modern credit cards are mainly used for convenience, these predecessor cards were developed as a means of creating customer loyalty and improving customer service, Sienkiewicz says. According to Ben Woolsey, the first bank card, named "Charg-It," was introduced in 1946 by John Biggins, a banker in Brooklyn, according to MasterCard. When a customer used it for a purchase, the bill was forwarded to Biggins' bank. The bank reimbursed the merchant and obtained payment from the customer. Purchases could only be made locally, and Charg-It cardholders had to have an account at Biggins' bank. In 1951, the first bank credit card appeared in New York's Franklin National Bank for loan customers. It also could be used only by the bank's account holders (Ben Woolsey...
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...CORPORATE FINANCE T H IRD E DIT ION JONATHAN BERK STANFORD UNIVERSITY PETER D E MARZO STANFORD UNIVERSITY Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo To Rebecca, Natasha, and Hannah, for the love and for being there —J. B. To Kaui, Pono, Koa, and Kai, for all the love and laughter —P. D. Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Katie Rowland Executive Development Editor: Rebecca Ferris-Caruso Editorial Project Manager: Emily Biberger Managing Editor: Jeff Holcomb Senior Production Project Manager: Nancy Freihofer Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol Melville Cover Designer: Jonathan Boylan Cover Photo: Nikreates/Alamy Media Director: Susan Schoenberg Content Lead, MyFinanceLab: Miguel Leonarte Executive Media Producer: Melissa Honig Project Management and Text Design: Gillian Hall, The Aardvark Group Composition and Artwork: Laserwords Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley/Jefferson City Cover Printer: Lehigh Phoenix Text Font: Adobe Garamond Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text and on this copyright page. Credits: Cover: Sculpture in photo: Detail of Flamingo (1973), Alexander Calder. Installed in Federal Plaza, Chicago. Sheet metal and paint, 1615.4 x 1828.8 x 731...
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...Chapter-1 SUMMERY Services means- Services are deeds, processes and performances. For example, Intel officers repair services for its equipments, consulting services for IT and E-commerce applications, web design services and training services for mass people. All these are deeds, processes and utilities comprise primary deeds and actions performed for customers. Compatible with this simple definition, services include economic activities whose output is not a physical product, are generally consumed at the time they are produced, provide added value in the form of amusement, comfort and convenience etc. and are essentially intangible concerns of the first purchaser. Difference between Service and customer service Services are deeds, processes, performances, and performances of a wide range of industries. Customer service is the service provided in support of a company’s core products. Customer services includes answering questions, taking orders, dealing with billing issues, handling complaints and scheduling repairs or maintenance. Why service marketing is essential for: Service based economy: Service marketing concepts and strategy developed in response to the tremendous growth of service industries, resulting their increased importance to the world economy. Service as a business imperative in manufacturing and IT: Early in the development of service, marketing most of the interest came from service industries like banking and health care. Now manufacturing and IT industries...
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...Case 1 TEACHING NOTE KHF CORPORATION INTRODUCTION This case involves the evaluation of Kitty (Hawk Food), Inc., a restaurant food wholesaler in eastern North Carolina. The firm is experiencing difficulty paying trade debt and collecting trade receivables on time, which is causing cashflow difficulties and threatening the creditworthiness of the firm. The case should require 1 to 1 1/2 hours of outside preparation by students, and can be effectively discussed in a one-hour class. It is appropriate for managerial finance courses at the undergraduate level, and perhaps at the lower MBA level as a minor exercise. KHF Corporation is experiencing a threat to its creditworthiness due to difficulties in paying trade payables. Its colorful CEO, responsible for collections of receivables, is not providing for collections very well. He is much more of a good ole' boy marketing type. The firm is not performing very well, and faces large seasonal swings in business. The student is tasked with solving the dilemmas posed by the case. SUGGESTED TEACHING APPROACH We suggest assigning this case after coverage of a) financial statement analysis and b) opportunity cost of failing to take a cash discount. While collections of receivables and improving payments are implied as a solution to this situation, the real issue is the opportunity cost of failing to take a cash discount. 100% of the business of KHF involves credit purchases of inventory. KHF is not taking advantage...
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