...Diana Schmidt Vascular Dementia Some symptoms may be similar to those of other types of dementia and usually reflect increasing difficulty to perform everyday activities like eating, dressing, or shopping. The most common type of vascular dementia is multi-infarct dementia (MID), which is caused by a series of small strokes, or “mini-strokes,” that often go unnoticed. These mini-strokes, also referred to as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), result in only temporary, partial blockages of blood supply and brief impairments in consciousness or sight. Over time, however, as more areas of the brain become damaged, the symptoms of vascular dementia begin to appear. Common mental and emotional signs and symptoms of vascular dementia Slowed thinking Memory problems; general forgetfulness Unusual mood changes (e.g. depression, irritability) Hallucinations and delusions Confusion, which may get worse at night. Personality changes and loss of social skills Common physical signs and symptoms of vascular dementia Dizziness Leg or arm weakness Tremors Moving with rapid, shuffling steps Balance problems Loss of bladder or bowel control Common behavioral signs and symptoms of vascular dementia Slurred speech Language problems, such as difficulty finding the right words for things Getting lost in familiar surroundings Laughing or crying inappropriately Difficulty planning, organizing, or following instructions Difficulty doing things...
Words: 508 - Pages: 3
...Lewy Bodies Dementia Ashley M. Paille Abstract. There are hundreds of brain disorders that affect the human brain every year. The diseases range from minor to much more severe. This research paper focuses on a complex disease called Lewy Bodies Dementia. This disease is a primary cognitive brain disorder that mimics a previously discovered disease known as Alzheimer’s. Lewy Bodies Dementia was discovered about a decade after Alzheimer’s. The disease is classified as either a degenerative disease or a neurodegenerative disease. Various factors throughout a person’s lifetime will influence the nature and severity of the degeneration of the brain. Signs and symptoms of the disease are extremely vague and often have the presentation of other known cognitive brain disorders. This disease is incurable and is often treated on a case by case basis. It is also treated by trial and error due to the intense side effects of the medications such as drowsiness and confusion. Recent treatments such as the medication, Levodopa, have been made available although they do not cure the disease but rather slow down the progression of the disease. Introduction. Nearly 80% of individuals with Lewy Bodies Dementia will also have brain changes consistent with Alzheimer's disease. (Galvin, Duda, et al., 2010) Secondary to this high statistic, patients are often diagnosed with a non-specific initial diagnosis of Alzheimer's. This diagnostic experience can become extremely frustrating. (Galvin...
Words: 1581 - Pages: 7
...Case Study: Treating a Patient with Vascular Dementia Grand Canyon University Case Study: Treating a Patient with Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia is one of the most common causes of dementia, Alzheimer being the most common. Vascular dementia causes around 10% of cases while Alzheimer causes around an estimate of 60% to 80% of cases. NHS Choice (2015) defines dementia as “a loss of mental ability (cognitive impairment) associated with gradual death of brain cells” (para. 2). Vascular dementia occurs when the blood flow to the brain is reduced and usually happens from strokes, it also can be caused by a variety of diseases and damages that affects the brain. One of the most common type of vascular dementia is the Multi-infarct dementia which is caused by minor strokes or (which sometimes are called “mini strokes” or silent strokes”) that at times could go unnoticed. Unlike Alzheimer's disease, there are no licensed treatments for vascular dementia (O’Brien and Thomas, 2015) Multi-infarct dementia is more common in older men than women around the ages of 60 to 75 years old. Vascular dementia is really rare in anyone younger than 65. Global, 48.5 million people have dementia, about 70% of that is Alzheimer’s and around 10% are vascular dementia, there are 7.7 million new cases every year. This case study looks further into Vascular Dementia and the people who have them and shows how a great care system and collaboration can help the patient. A case study will be conducted...
Words: 1571 - Pages: 7
...REPORTS Greater Risk of Dementia When Spouse Has Dementia? The Cache County Study [See editorial comments by Dr. Peter P. Vitaliano, pp 976–978] Maria C. Norton, PhD,abc Ken R. Smith, PhD,de Truls Østbye, MD, PhD,fgh JoAnn T. Tschanz, PhD,bc Chris Corcoran, ScD,ci Sarah Schwartz, MS,ci Kathleen W. Piercy, PhD,ac Peter V. Rabins, MD, MPH,j David C. Steffens, MD,k Ingmar Skoog, MD, PhD,l John C. S. Breitner, MD, MPH,mn Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, PhD,g for the Cache County Investigators OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of caring for a spouse with dementia on the caregiver’s risk for incident dementia. DESIGN: Population-based study of incident dementia in spouses of persons with dementia. SETTING: Rural county in northern Utah. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand four hundred forty-two subjects (1,221 married couples) aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Incident dementia was diagnosed in 255 subjects, with onset defined as age when subject met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, criteria for dementia. Cox proportional hazards regression tested the effect of time-dependent exposure to dementia in one’s spouse, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: A subject whose spouse experienced incident dementia onset had a six times greater risk for incident dementia as subjects whose spouses were dementia free (hazard rate ratio (HRR) 5 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5 2.2–16.2, Po.001). In sex-specific analyses, husbands had higher risks From the aDepartment...
Words: 5331 - Pages: 22
...Effects of Physical Restraints in Reducing Falls PICOT paper Larisa Myers Nova Southeastern University Effects of Physical Restraints in Reducing Falls Physical restraints are described as equipment attached to a patient’s body that limits movement. Physical restraints are commonly used in an adult medical facility to prevent patient’s falls or injuries, interference with clinical therapies, and protect patient from harming themselves or others (Kope et al., 2012). However, there is great debate whether or not physical restraints prevent falls. Evidence-based research can be used to expedite the recognition of adults at risks for physical restraints use and assists nurses to find alternative methods (Kope et al., 2012). Background Physical restraints are a common practice in industrialized countries (Kope et al., 2010). Older adults, who are confused, psychotic, and demented, have the greatest risk for being restrained in medical facilities (Kope et al., 2012). Physical restraints include hand mitts, waist belts, and wrist restraints to prevent body movements. The most common misconception among nurses is that restraints prevent falls or injuries (Kope et al., 2012). Data Bases and Key Terms The data base used to research effects of physical restraints in reducing injuries was CINAHL. The key...
Words: 1215 - Pages: 5
...I would tell them that because we have family that had the disease, they have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s in their later years in life. I do not believe that genetic testing will do anything but make people dread the future, especially if there is not anything that can be done to prevent it. There isn’t a cure that has been proven, but you can reduce your chances by reducing your risk of heart disease. For the research portion in the Kaplan library, I used the search term “Alzheimer’s disease” and “mode of inheritance”. This search resulted in nine hundred eleven thousand and thirteen results. With the search in the library I really didn’t need to look further. The article on Alzheimer’s disease confirmed the same information from my other sites I visited. They also explained the differences between early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. This information also matched my previous...
Words: 1091 - Pages: 5
...Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. Research advances have enabled detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the hallmarks of the disease-ie, plaques, composed of amyloid β (Aβ), and tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. However, as our knowledge increases so does our appreciation for the pathogenic complexity of the disorder. Familial Alzheimer's disease is a very rare autosomal dominant disease with early onset, caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and presenilin genes, both linked to Aβ metabolism. By contrast with familial disease, sporadic Alzheimer's disease is very common with more than 15 million people affected worldwide. The cause of the sporadic form of the disease is unknown, probably because the disease is heterogeneous, caused by ageing in concert with a complex interaction of both genetic and environmental risk factors. This seminar reviews the key aspects of the disease, including epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as recent developments and controversies. 100 years ago, Alois Alzheimer gave a lecture at a congress in Tubingen, Germany, on the first case of the disease that Kraepelin some years later named Alzheimer's disease.1 In this single case. Alzheimer described typical clinical characteristics with memory disturbances and instrumental signs, and the neuropathological picture with miliary bodies (plaques) and dense bundles of fibrils (tangles), which we today...
Words: 7059 - Pages: 29
...CLINICAL ISSUES Acute care management of older people with dementia: a qualitative perspective Wendy Moyle, Sally Borbasi, Marianne Wallis, Rachel Olorenshaw and Natalie Gracia Aim and objectives. This Australian study explored management for older people with dementia in an acute hospital setting. Background. As the population ages, increasing numbers of older people with dementia are placed into an acute care hospital to manage a condition other than dementia. These people require special care that takes into account the unique needs of confused older people. Current nursing and medical literature provides some direction in relation to best practice management; however, few studies have examined this management from the perspective of hospital staff. Design. A descriptive qualitative approach was used. Method. Data were collected using semi-structured audio-taped interviews with a cross section of thirteen staff that worked in acute medical or surgical wards in a large South East Queensland, Australia Hospital. Results. Analysis of data revealed five subthemes with the overarching theme being paradoxical care, in that an inconsistent approach to care emphasised safety at the expense of well-being and dignity. A risk management approach was used rather than one that incorporated injury prevention as one facet of an overall strategy. Conclusion. Using untrained staff to sit and observe people with dementia as a risk management strategy does not encourage an evidence-based approach...
Words: 6750 - Pages: 27
...have gone on to find the cure to stop this tragic illness that overcomes thousands of loved ones every year, scientist have decided to step back and make a strategy. With so many failed attempts of curing this disease, they decided to find an attack approach before being diagnosed. Studies have gone into the smallest detail to find common traits that those diagnosed have. While this is an endless and tedious process, they continued. Scientist have discovered that there are ways to lower the risks of being diagnosed with the disease in the future. Although there is no cure once diagnosed, there have been studies found on how to lessen your chances of getting it. Multiple articles, including National Institute of Agings “alheimer’s prevention”, state that vitamins are always a natural and healthy route as well as anti inflammatory drugs. While a healthy diet and exercise can be effective for staying healthy and fighting against most viruses, which also plays a big part in dementia and alzheimer’s prevention as well. There are know foods that protect your memory and keep you mind sharp. A mediterranean diet is said to be one, if not the healthiest diet to go by in terms of memory consumption. Other things like red wine and tea has said to play a factor in this topic as well....
Words: 1637 - Pages: 7
...Mr. J is identified as a fall risk as evidenced by his hospitalization for a fall with injury. Because of this recent fall and his dementia he is quickly labeled as a fall risk while in the hospital. Despite his dementia, Mr. J is able to answer questions appropriately. Mr. J appears to have not been given any alternative to restraints. Alternatives to restraints would include medication to help calm him, bed alarms, and distractions such as games, music, or television. Another alternative would be to offer a sitter at the bedside. Last resort would be to restrain Mr. J. In this case Mr. J appears to have not been offered any alternative to restraints. (Hinshaw, 2010) Another quality nursing indicator is the prevalence of pressure ulcers. He was found to have an area on his lower spine that was reddened and depressed, indicating the development of a possible pressure ulcer. The nurse in this case was not notified by the CNA that found the reddened area and the daughters concern was ignored by the CNA. Assessing skin, especially given Mr. J’s immobility would be a priority for the nursing staff. Developing a turn schedule and making all staff aware of this schedule would also have been helpful in this situation. (Wurster, 2007) In addition to the restraints Mr. J has also been in the hospital for a week which may be a factor in the prevalence of the pressure ulcer. One indicator that may not be immediately apparent would be the risk of a nosocomial infection and...
Words: 934 - Pages: 4
...FLORENCE SMYTH 09TH MARCH 2015 HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE LEVEL THREE. Unit 3 ENABLE RIGHTS AND CHOICES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA WHILST MINIMISING RISKS 1. UNDERSTAND KEY LEGISLATION AND AGREED WAYS OF WORKING THAT SUPPORT THE FULFILMENT OF RIGHTS AND CHOICES AND THE MINIMISING OF RISK OF HARM FOR AN INVIVIDUAL WITH DEMENTIA. 1.1 EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF KEY LEGISLATION THAT RELATES TO FULFILMENT OF RIGHTS AND CHOICES AND THE MINIMISING OF RISK OF HARM FOR AN INDIVIDUAL WITH DEMENTIA. The key legislations include , Human Rights Act 1998 , Mental Capacity Act 2005 , Adults and Incapacity Act 2000 , Mental Health Act 1995 , Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 and Carers Equal Opportunities Act 2004.Each and every individual is under a legal obligation to work within legislation and work within the agreed ways of organisation ensuring that the individual with dementia gets treated within their human rights protected from any form of abuse and that their dignity privacy and respect is maintained, allowing them to have a choice , make decisions living a fulfilled life while keeping them protected at all times. Individuals who are involved in the care of dementia suffers must always be observing their deterioration so changes can be made to minimise risk to the individual while still protecting their human rights and keeping everything in-line with the key legislation taking health and safety into consideration at all times. Together these legislations form...
Words: 6172 - Pages: 25
...this assignment are to critique and analyse the older person with dementia. The author will explore the pathophysiological process of ageing underpinning skeletal and cognitive decline, with an emphasis on discrimination and a focus on ageism, mental illness and the support of the National Service Framework (NSF) in combating this pandemic. A further investigation into the nurse’s role will be analysed along with the process of assessing and caring for an elderly patient with dementia. Aveyard (2001) and Adams et al (1999) both state that it is increasingly difficult to find an acceptable working definition for dementia. However, Mosby’s Dictionary (2002) defines dementia as a progressive organic mental disorder characterized by chronic personality disintegration, confusion, disorientation, and stupor, deterioration of intellectual capacity and function, and impairment of control of memory, judgement and impulses. Dementia is encompassed by multiple cognitive deficits; the author will now explore the pathophysiological aspect of the brain encompassed by the ageing process and its influence on the older person. The author is aware that there are many contributory factors for cognitive decline for example genetic factors, where there is a family history of, infection, chemical and chromosome damage. It should also be noted that there are many forms of brain disorders that share the same characteristics as dementia, for example Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, however the...
Words: 3721 - Pages: 15
...reasons; finical impact on health care system) | Determinants as risk factors | Health promotion Program | CardiovascularHealth | Refers to maintaining healthy functioning of the heart and blood vessels. CVD encompasses all diseases and conditions of the heart and blood vessels (including coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease) caused mainly by blood supply to the heart, brain and legs. | -To improve cardiovascular health by reducing CVD.-CVD is leading cause of premature death and second leading cause of burden of disease.- CVD is also largely preventable and places a large economic burden on the health care system. | 1. biological: cholesterol levels, age, sex and genetics. high blood pressure-indicates that the heart is already working harder and under pressure, which can lead to stroke and kidney disease.Body weight- excess body weight places greater strain on heart and increases hypertension and cholesterol levels.2. Behavioural: physical activity, tobacco smoking poor nutrition-diets high in saturated fat such as cholesterol can contribute to overweight and obesity. Low intake of fruit and vegetables can contribute to increased snacking on high fat and high sugar foods, increasing obesity, which heightens risk of CVD.Physical enviro: air quality (tobacco smoke) Access to recreational facilities-if lacking access, they might not exercise as much as otherwise might. Heightens risk of CVD and obesity.Social envrio- SES, Early life experiences. ...
Words: 1720 - Pages: 7
...Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is becoming a problem among society and the increasing age population. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, with prevalence of 5% after 65 years of age, and an increased prevalence of about 30% in people aged 85 years or older (Galimberti & Scarpini, 2011). There are many misconceptions that you must be “old” in order to develop Alzheimer’s disease, but this is not entirely true. Although increased age is the greatest risk factor, older people are not the only ones that can develop the disease (Alzheimer’s Association, 2016). Early (or younger) onset Alzheimer’s can also affect individuals that are as young as 40 or 50 years old, although this number comprises...
Words: 1623 - Pages: 7
...awareness, growth and helping people to work through difficulties (Mind.org, 2013). The interventions provided aim to facilitate comfort, support and a provision of care. The client I have chosen to write this essay on is called Angelo. Angelo is a fictitious name created to protect the individual’s right to confidentiality (NHS, 2012, N.M.C, 2008). The interaction was conducted because of a 6 month cognitive enhancer medication (galantamine) review. I will show an understanding of the importance of a therapeutic relationship building and the values that influence the formulation of mental health nursing assessment and care planning (Schultz and Videbeck, 2009). Appendix 1 will show the plan of management including risk and relapse. Appendix 2 will show the individualised Risk Assessment (profile). In my conclusion I will reflect upon my therapeutic encounter and will address the importance of knowledge and qualities needed to form, maintain and disengage from the therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing. The therapeutic relationship is a term used in therapy which highlights a client’s preferences and the treatment required to successfully accomplish goals (LaRowe, 2004). The focus of the nurse during the therapeutic intervention should be caring and never pull the focus away from their individual needs (Videbeck, 2011). The quality...
Words: 7701 - Pages: 31
