...How to reference These Harvard-based guidelines are generic and are meant to supplement, not replace, the guidelines given to you for your programme, which are usually provided in your module handbooks. Some subjects make these guidelines available on the portal. You are advised to follow your module/programme instructions exactly for citing and referencing sources, and use this guide for further information only. For further information on a wide variety of sources, consult Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2008) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books. Contents: 1. In-text references / citations This means how to put references in the body of your assignment, and this section includes the following cases: 1. A typical reference - what to include and what not to 2. Incorporating others’ material - words and expressions to use 3. Author's name occurs naturally in the sentence 4. Author’s name does not occur naturally 5. Page numbers - when to use them 6. More than one cited document by the same author(s) in the same year 7. Two authors of one work 8. More than two authors of one work 9. Dictionaries, encyclopaedias or other collaborative works with several authors 10. No originator 11. Newspaper where no author is given 12. Corporate authors or organisations where no individual’s name is indicated 13. Year...
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...Harvard Referencing System and assist with their achievements with CQI. 1. DEFINITIONS 3 2. HOW TO CITE IN YOUR TEXT 4 2.1 Authors 4 2.1.1 Direct 4 2.1.2 Indirect 4 2.2 Page Numbers 4 2.3 Chapter Authors from edited books 4 2.4 Corporate authors 4 2.5 Secondary sources 5 2.6 Tables or Diagrams 5 3. HOW TO REFERENCE 6 4. REFERENCING BOOKS 7 5. E BOOKS, JOURNALS AND WEBSITES 8 6. REFERENCING PUBLICATIONS AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 10 7. REFERENCING PICTURES, TABLES AND GRAPHS 12 8. MISSING DETAILS 13 1. DEFINITIONS Citation: is when you refer to the work of other authors in the text of your own work. Reference: each citation needs a reference at the end of the work. This gives you the full details of the source and should enable it to be traced. Bibliography: a list of relevant items you have used in preparation of the assignment but are not necessarily cited in the text. 2. HOW TO CITE IN YOUR TEXT 2.1 Authors If you are citing an author, there are two ways; direct and indirect. If you use direct then you would use it as a direct reference to an authors work. If it is indirect then you are using a statement more in your own words and then referencing the authors afterwards and usually in brackets. 2.1.1 Direct To cite an author directly, use one of the below layouts: • One author = Beaumont (2002, pp.33-35) states that … • More than one author, different work =...
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...Name: Institution: Course: Date: Reference Letter Enclosed, please accept this as a formal letter of reference in support of the above-mentioned candidate. I have known him for the last ten years during her high school going. I can truthfully and confidently state that he is a worthy candidate that you will be proud to have as an image of your ideal scholarship. He is a very dedicated student who cares much about learning on any given subject. As the head of Project Administration (USAID), during the time he volunteered to work with our organization which aims at helping the needy people in the society, our organization working in an environment which is manifested with jiggers, he took an active role in doing a research work on how the menace could be controlled. Thus, he organized for a community outreach program dubbed “Kick Jiggers out”. The targeted audience were students and pupils in different schools who could not afford to achieve their dreams because of jigger manifestation. Having passion for community work, his ability went beyond deplorable measures. He had the ability to communicate fluently with people from different backgrounds. These necessitated his work well and everywhere he went for a mission the outcome was amazing. His participation in community development enabled him to embrace cultural diversity and interact with people of all walks without discrimination. He has showed analytical aptitude, intelligent, motivation and preserving nature...
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...Word’s References Tool MS Word 2007, 2010, and 2013 have a fairly simple tool that will create properly formatted citations and references. The “References” tool is accessed through the “References” tab above the Ribbon (the section with all of the buttons across the top of the screen). As you find each source of information that you will be using in your writing, input the information about the source (author, name of the book, article, Web page, etc.) into Word’s References tool. These instructions will be using a journal article as the example, but they will also inform you how to use other sources such as books, Web sites, and more. Now that you have a journal article in hand follow these steps: 1. Click on the “References” tab near above the ribbon at the top of your screen. 2. In the References ribbon that opens, select your writing style. In our example we will be using “APA 5th Edition” even though the most current APA manual edition is the 6th edition. 3. Next select “Manage Sources.” 4. In the window that will open, select “New.” 5. In the next window, click in the box in the lower left corner that is labeled, “Show all Bibliography Fields.” 6. Now open the drop down arrow in the “Type of Source” window and select your type of source. In this example we are using a Journal Article. 7. At this point, start entering the information about your source. First, enter the author’s name. Start by clicking the “Edit” button. 8. ...
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...------------------------------------------------- 如何问人要推荐信？How to Ask for a Reference Letter? 来源： 颜示硼的日志 原作者：Jodi Glickman Brown is a speaker, author and entrepreneur. She is the founder of communication consulting firm Great on the Job. You can follow Jodi on Twitter at @greatonthejob or on her blog at www.greatonthejob.com/blog. In the 2009 film "Up in the Air," Natalie Keener decides she can no longer stomach being part of a corporate firing squad and quits her firm. Her mentor, played by George Clooney, behaves as the magnanimous gent we all know him to be: he writes a glowing reference letter on her behalf, addressed simply "to whom it may concern." In the real world, getting a reference letter is far more difficult and often a source of much anxiety. Whom to ask, how to ask, what to say? But getting an outstanding reference letter is entirely within your control and easier than you think, even if you don't have a benevolent benefactor at your back. Here are three tips to ensure your mentor, former boss, or academic counselor writes you a rave review: 1. Highlight their qualifications 2. Provide a template 3. Offer a "no questions asked" policy Let's look at each of these individually: Highlight their Qualifications When reaching out to ask for a letter of reference, explain up front and center why it is that you value that person's opinion and respect their professional expertise enough so that you chose them (of all people) to vouch for you in your...
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...A reference group is any person or group that serves as a point of comparison or reference for an individual consumer in establishing certain values, attitudes and behavior patterns. There is usually a strong relationship between reference group influence and the type of product being bought. Reference groups form part of group dynamic. There are different types of reference groups that can be described using basic descriptors such as formality, importance, association and affiliation. Under formality there are formal and informal reference groups. A formal reference group has a clearly defined structure, rules and membership affiliation, on the other hand, informal reference groups have no formal rules that members have to adhere to although they also have their own unique interactions. Under importance there are primary and secondary reference groups. An example of a primary reference group would have to be student in the same class that have daily contact with each other while a secondary reference groups don’t interact with each other on a daily basis which means the importance of their interaction would be less important than that of a primary reference group. Under association there are aspirational and dissociative reference groups. Aspirational reference groups are groups’ people aspire to belong to while dissociative reference groups, on the other hand, are groups that are avoided or rejected. Lastly, under affiliation there are members and non-members of reference...
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...Using APA: Creating a Reference Page (Updated October 2012—APA 6th Edition) General Guidelines for Formatting a Reference Page Your reference list provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the essay. Each source you cite in the essay must appear in your reference list (except for personal communications); each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text. Start the reference list on a new page. Type the word References in upper and lowercase letters, centered, at the top of the page on the first line below the page header; do not underline, and do not put it in quotation marks. Your reference list must be in alphabetical order according to author’s last name; if no author is given for a particular source, alphabetize by the title of the piece and use a shortened version of the title for parenthetical citations. If you have more than one work by a particular author, order them by publication date, oldest to newest. Provide first initial (and not first name) and middle initial (if provided) for all authors of a particular work. Capitalize only the first word of a title or subtitle of a work unless it is a proper noun. Italicize titles of books and journals—note that the italics extend to include the volume number of a periodical as well as the period at the end of a book title. Use “&” instead of “and” when listing multiple authors of a single work. The first line of each entry in your Reference list should be at your...
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...Relative vs. Absolute Cell References in Spreadsheets In working with spreadsheets, you need to know about relative vs. absolute cell references. Here is the issue: when you COPY A FORMULA that contains cell references, what happens to the cell references? Usually the CELL REFERENCES will CHANGE! If you copy a formula 2 rows to the right, then the cell references in the formula will shift 2 cells to the right. If you copy a formula 3 rows down and 1 row left, then the cell references in the formula will shift 3 rows down and 1 row left. These are called "relative" cell references, since they change relative to where you copy the formula. If you do not want cell references to change when you copy a formula, then make those cell references absolute cell references. Place a "$" before the column letter if you want that to always stay the same. Place a "$" before a row number if you want that to always stay the same. For example, "$C$3" refers to cell C3, and "$C$3" will work exactly the same as "C3", expect when you copy the formula. Note: when entering formulas you can use the F4 key right after entering a cell reference to toggle among the different relative/absolute versions of that cell address. The trick in creating spreadsheets is deciding before you copy a formula what cell references in the formula you want to be relative and what you want to be absolute. If some cell references refer to input cells in the spreadsheet, you usually want those cells to be absolute. The...
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...with an aim to resolve it. They are orientations that lead disputants to view or focus on some facets of the conflict while ignoring others. These frames can be defined as viewpoints through which the problems arising from conflict can be viewed more realistically with the aim of resolution. The frames mentioned above are listed as: i. Unitarist and Unitarism ii. Pluralist and Pluralism iii. Marxist or Radical Unitarist and Unitarism This frame of reference reveres the organization as harmonious and in agreement. This accord approach thus leaves little or no room for conflict. This frame of reference views conflict as ‘bad’ and detrimental to the augmentation of the organization. It views conflict as a psychological problem, a failure of coordination and failure by the management. This is because holders to this frame-set assume that managers can permanently change and manipulate the behaviour of the employees in conflict. Managers who subscribe to this frame of reference create a sense of...
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...Frames of Reference A gothic novel has many elements, some of which can be easily identified; the gloomy tone, the strange, mysterious events. Some of the more difficult elements to recognise may be the different layers of reality, or the way the story is told . The Turn of The Screw is a perfect example of a gothic novella; it has all the above elements, which are cleverly implemented throughout the text. One of these elements is James’ use of the frame narrative. I will be discussing the frame narrative and narrators, with particular focus on Douglas, and how it affects the governess’ story. The Turn of The Screw; a novella in which one thinks less about the literary techniques, or the writing style, but more about the story itself. One finds oneself asking; are the ghosts real? Is the governess insane? Is it a conspiracy? We, as the reader need to take a closer look at the text to identity and analyse the techniques, the words, the imagery that gives the story its mystery and intrigue. One such technique is the use of a frame narrative, we hear the story from the unnamed narrator, Douglas and then from the Governess. We know very little about any of the narrators, however, perhaps the narrator that stands out most is Douglas; he is our link to the Governess and her story. Although we are not given much information on Douglas, he is very cleverly used by James. He is the only person present who knew the governess, and the similarities between him and Miles are thought...
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...Name: Graceana Kai Physics: Inertial and Non- inertial frames of reference (rotating frames of reference) ICU PAGES 134 and 108 Date: 2013-06-15 What is relative motion? It is simply a way of saying that sometimes different people will say different things about the motion of the same object. Mind you this is not because one of these people is wrong but because these people have different frames of reference. Now this brings us to another interesting terminology, frame of reference, what is frame of reference, well, this is a coordinate system relative to which motion of an object can be observed or a coordinate system used to represent and measure properties of objects in motion, you can use frames of reference to measure velocity displacement etc. To break it down further for those of you who find it difficult to understand this definition we can say a frame of reference can be thought of as a spot where you are doing your measurements or observation of a moving object. The best way to see how this is possible is to look at some examples. Below is an example: Let us say that I am standing at the back of a stationary wagon and my friend Lindsey is standing on a side walk, and I am throwing stones, each stone is thrown at 15 m/s. if you ask me at what speed I am throwing the stones at, I will say 15 m/s and if you ask Lindsey who is beside me on the side walk she will also say the stones are being thrown at 15 m/s. Secondly, the Wagon starts to move forward at constant...
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...I recently had in interesting discussion with my director about references. The goal of references is twofold. The writer, can refer some texts positively. It is the case if he uses an existing algorithm, for example. A reference can also be used negatively. This happens when the writer want to highlight lack in the literature. He can thus justify the originality of his work. As already mentioned in an former post, some book or articles refer to Wikipedia. That’s where things go bad… Wikipedia is a huge database, an open source encyclopedia (i.e. anybody can contribute to it). The main advantage is that you get a tremendous quantity of articles in any domain. This is a good source to get fast information. But there are two main drawbacks. First, anybody can modify it. Some people may stop me and argue that articles are reviewed by the community. The problem, concerning references, is more regarding the second drawback of Wikipedia: the content changes over time! And this is really bad… When writing a data mining article, people usually refer to journals or books. The implicit assumption is that the content is fixed and will not evolve over time. If a writer refers today to a data mining algorithm on Wikipedia, he has no guarantee that it will be the same in two, three or ten years. Requirements for reliable references are that they i) cross the time without any changes and ii) that they are easily accessible. Following these ideas, writers should refer articles in this order...
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...(Jurevicius, 2013) References Dalavagas, I. (2015, May 11). McDonald's Corporation : A Short SWOT Analysis. Retrieved from Value Line: http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Highlights/McDonalds_Corp___A_Short_SWOT_Analysis.aspx#.VZawLfmqqko Jurevicius, O. (2013, February 16). SWOT analysis of McDonalds. Retrieved from Strategic Management Insight: http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/mcdonalds-swot-analysis References Dalavagas, I. (2015, May 11). McDonald's Corporation : A Short SWOT Analysis. Retrieved from Value Line: http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Highlights/McDonalds_Corp___A_Short_SWOT_Analysis.aspx#.VZawLfmqqko (McDonalds SWOT Analysis, n.d.) References Dalavagas, I. (2015, May 11). McDonald's Corporation : A Short SWOT Analysis. Retrieved from Value Line: http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Highlights/McDonalds_Corp___A_Short_SWOT_Analysis.aspx#.VZawLfmqqko Jurevicius, O. (2013, February 16). SWOT analysis of McDonalds. Retrieved from Strategic Management Insight: http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/mcdonalds-swot-analysis McDonalds SWOT Analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved from Assignment Point: http://www.assignmentpoint.com/business/mcdonalds-swot-analysis.html (History, n.d.) References Dalavagas, I. (2015, May 11). McDonald's Corporation : A Short SWOT Analysis. Retrieved from Value Line: http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Highlights/McDonalds_Corp___A_Short_SWOT_Analysis.aspx#.VZawLfmqqko History. (n.d.). Retrieved from I'm lovin'...
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...References American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition, “Prevention of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity: Policy Statement.”Pediatrics 112, no. 2 (August 2003): 424-430. American Academy of Pediatrics, Prevention of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity, 2003 (Outside Source). Downloaded June 18, 2012. American Heart Association, “Exercise (Physical Activity) and Children.” American Heart Association, http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4596 (accessed June 10, 2012). Associated Press, “State study suggests national child obesity problem.” CNN.com, June 4, 2004,http://edition.cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/diet.fitness/06/04/obese.children.ap/index.html (accessed June 15, 2012). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing Obesity and Chronic Diseases Through Good Nutrition and Physical Activity (PDF; Outside Source). Accessed May 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/aag/aag_dash.htm (accessed June 8, 2012). “Community Nutrition: Obesity Prevention Program.” Duval County Health Department, http://www.dchd.net/obesity.htm(accessed May 31, 2012). Just, David R. and Brian Wansink (2009), “Better School Meals on a Budget: Using Behavioral Economics and Food Psychology to Improve Meal Selection,” Choices, 24:3, 1-6 Wansink, Brian, and David Just (2011), “Healthy Foods First: Students Take the First Lunchroom Food 11% More Often Than the Third,” Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, Volume 43:4S1...
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...In a list of references, you need to include: (with each type of text there are some examples) 1. Books: Author, Year. Title of book. Edition (only include this if not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher. Ulrich, W., 1983. Critical heuristics of social planning. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2. Newspaper articles: Author, Initials., Year. Title of article. Full Title of Newspaper, Date. Page numbers. Slapper, Gary., 2005. Corporate manslaughter: new issues for lawyers. The Times, 3 Sep. p.4-5. 3. Scientific articles: Author, Initials., Year. Title of article. Full Title of Journal, Volume number (Issue/Part number), Page numbers. Website Address [Accessed date] Beaver, M., 2000. Errant greenhouse could still be facing demolition. Building Design. 24 Nov., p.3. Boughton, J.M., 2002. The Bretton Woods proposal: an indepth look. Political Science Quarterly. 42 (6). Hamill, C., 1999. Academic essay writing in the first person: a guide for undergraduates. Nursing Standard. 21 Jul., 13 (44), p. 38-40. Jenkings, R.,1989. Clashing with caching. ARIADNE. Issue 21,10 September. Wright, A. & Cottee, P., 2000. Consumer understanding of US and EU nutrition labels. British Food Journal [Online] 103 (8), p. 615-629. Emerald. Available at: <http://www.emerald-library.com> [accessed 8 September 2001]. 4. Other sources on the Internet: Author, Initials., Year. Title of document...
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