...The Reformation was a religious revolution that took place in Western Europe in the 16th century, around the same time as the Renaissance. The church was seen as the guiding light of unity throughout the dark ages of Europe. However, several dissenters such as John Wycliffe and John Hus challenged the orthodox views of the church, and started a long chain of events that led to Reformation. This newfound opposition was spurned by medieval church’s abuses of the common people, the worldliness of its priest’s and monks, and the hierarchies that were beginning to develop within the church. These events reached a climax with the advent of the humanist values of the Renaissance, and the new political orders that were arising during the high middle...
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...Ever since its founding in the 1st century C.E., Christianity has caused political and religious controversy in countries all over the world. From the original split between Christians and the Jews, to the fracturing of the Catholic Church in Germany, religion has been a vital tool for social and political change, especially in England. Although the Protestant Reformation was a dividing force in Europe, the dominant English monarchs of the 16th century used it to their advantage. King Henry VIII, Mary I and Elizabeth I used religion to pursue their agenda, solidify their reign and unify England. Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church was a unified body with the Pope at its head. However, when Martin Luther posted his 95 theses,...
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...the Protestant Reformation made significant changes on Western civilization. It altered the way people worshipped God and allowed for people to establish their own belief system. The Protestant Reformation allowed for a new definition of what it means to be civilized in Europe. People discovered, and took advantage of their freedom of religion. The Reformation did in fact contribute to a more civilized society because of its development of religious diversity, and its gradual separation between church and state. One of Martin Luther’s teachings states “On the matter of religious practice, is it better to follow one’s conscience?” (Notes Packet - The Reformation Begins; Mr. Johnson) Obviously,...
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...The Protestant Reformation was the dawn of multiple ideas, as it inspired people to see the Roman Catholic Church in a new light. Multiple new religions were brought up and new philosophical thoughts were spawned. Then, along came the Peasants’ Revolt of 1524-1526 in Germany. This savage war was not only sprung up from the religious ideas of Martin Luther, but also from the dissatisfaction of peasants about their poor working conditions and the unfair treatment from their lords. German peasants had been displeased of their living conditions with being continuously faced with ludicrous feudal dues and state taxes. Upon hearing Martin Luther’s remarks, the peasants’ economic troubles and religious beliefs? combined to be the sparks that were...
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...In 1521 at the Diet of Worms, the Elector of Saxony decided to protect Martin Luther after the Holy Roman Emperor condemned him to death. The Elector’s political motive to harbor Luther is an example of how politics played a primary role in the spread of the religious Reformation. In Sixteenth-century Europe, the beginning of a religious Reformation started to spread, greatly aided by leaders who had political reasons to help new religions grow or were too busy to stop the spread of the Reformation. The Reformation swept across Europe primarily because those in authority had political reasons to adopt Protestantism or to ignore the its spread. Princes and rulers of German territorial states supported Luther because they wanted to weaken their...
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...In the early 16 century the Roman catholic church and by extension its clergy came under heavy criticism. This was due to their financial, legal dealing; as well as change in popular opinion to the convention Catholic concepts of salvation. Along with other contributing factors led to the Protestant Reformation. Some of the contributing factors included criticism of the church, the teachings of Martin Luther, England’s shift towards Protestantism, and Calvinism. As stated earlier the growing resentment towards the basic tenants of Catholicism helped Protestant Reformation appeal to various groups across Europe. We will examine the contributing factors and how the led to mass appeal across Europe in a more exhaustive manner in the paragraphs...
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...During the Reformation back when times were rough and most people were poor and had only religion to look up to, protests began and those protests had followers called Protestants. Among those protesters were Martin Luther, who was a very religious man. And King Henry VIII, who was a very rich king that had many wives. Let’s start with Martin Luther. Martin Luther took a trip to the Roman Catholic Church and was surprised. Martin was a surprised, but not in a good way. All through the city and church, people were “buying their way to heaven” which was something the Pope promised them. The pope had issued that in order to go to heaven and take time off your purgatory, you had to purchase a certificate from the pope. Upon this, you had to pay for admission to see and pray at the relics. Martin was disgusted at these sights, he knew none of these things were stated in the Bible. Martin had to start a protest against papal authority and post what we know as “The 95 These”. Martin had found 95 things wrong that the church did that was not true to the Bible. MAny people followed Martin and eventually, he copied the Bible in their language so everyone could read and see the word of God, not the Pope....
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...Catherine II balance of power Adam Smith VOC Ptolemaic universe Newton John Locke capitalism joint-stock companies putting-out system Copernican universe deism Discussion Questions Examine the centralizing efforts in countries like France, Spain, and England. How and in what ways were they successful? Why was the Holy Roman Empire not as successful as other European states in centralizing power? Examine the idea behind the balance of power. How did this concept play itself out in Europe? How was this balance of power different from the political patterns in the rest of the world? Examine the career of Martin Luther. What were the foundations of his Reformation? What legacy did he leave Europe? Why did earlier reformers not have the same impact? Examine the rise of capitalist thought and practice. What factors led to this rise? Examine the leading thinkers of the scientific revolution. Why were the early discoveries of the scientific revolution met with such resistance? In what ways did these discoveries destroy an old worldview and create a new one? How did their ideas influence the Enlightenment? What were the foundations of the Enlightenment? Could there be a...
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...Short answer: With the short answers, you will be expected to write a paragraph answering one or more questions posed to you. a. Describe the importance of the individual in Renaissance humanist thought. Humanism, an educational and philosophical outlook that emphasizes the personal worth of the individual and the central importance of human values as opposed to religious belief, developed in Europe during the Renaissance, influenced by the study of ancient Greek and Latin literature and philosophy. Humanists believed that people should enjoy life on earth, and question the bible while interpreting how they wish. Humanism was more independent from the Roman Catholic Church, and allowed people to think about other things rather than just Religion. In art, music, philosophy, and political theory, the new emphasis was on what was human; hence the word humanism has come to describe much of the Italian Renaissance This effected the Renaissance Worldview because people of the time started to believe more in Humanist ideas and life on earth rather than just working to death, just to go to heaven. Or Individualism. People thought it right to be themselves - the great man can shape his own destiny. Humans are the center of the universe and the "measure of all things." Humans could do well at many things: "The Renaissance Man." Humans began to have a questioning attitude and challenged tradition and authority. They believed life on earth was more important than the afterlife...
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...* People were firm believers in an afterlife. This made people follow religion much more closely, so with that in mind they would obey anything the church would say. * The church manipulated the followers of the church to believe that they would essentially make the decision whether they were destined to heaven or hell. The church took full advantage of this and collected taxes from its followers. * Followers were required to pay a 10th of their earnings to the church. This was called tithing, the people were asked to pay a 10th of income, crops, seeds, or livestock. * The church also convinced its people that they would either go to heaven, hell or purgatory after death. Purgatory was believed to be a place that the soul went to after death if one wasn’t condemned to hell and wasn’t a firm enough believer in god to go to heaven. So the person’s soul would remain in purgatory until his or her soul was purified. The important part to this was the more prayers the person received while in purgatory the faster there souls were purified. So people would buy what they called indulgences with money and in return the church would reduce the time they spent in purgatory. This was another tactic used by the church to increase its wealth and dominance. * PS 1…Tetzel’s Sermon on Preaching Indulgences How many mortal sins are committed in a day… , and those that commit them must needs suffer endless punishment in the burning pains of Purgatory. * Luther, The Ninety-Five...
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...Puritans Aspirations of a Model Society Chelsea J. Austin Ms. K. L Gooden, instructor APUSH Fall- 113 Sumter Central High School November 1, 2013 Brainstorm Puritans: Puritans were a religious group Separated from the Church of England Thought that the Church of England in their eyes was corrupt Wanted to purify the Church of England were single-minded visionaries convinced of the rightness of their beliefs were practical and businesslike persecuted for their beliefs and fled England for Holland and, ultimately, for North America Many historians feel that the Puritan ethics of thrift, hard work, and self – sufficiency contributed to the success of the New World. Aspirations of a Puritan Model Society: Peaceful environment Entirely focus on God and do his will Strong community Outline Introductory Sentence: Puritans came from New England in the seventeenth century with hopes of creating a model society. Thesis Statement: Their aspirations for a model society consisted of making a strong community, peaceful environment, and a society focused solely on glorifying God and doing his will. Introduction: Puritans came from New England in the seventeenth century with hopes of creating a model society. They came trying to escape the religious persecution of New England and the corruption of the Church of England. Puritans attempted to establish a utopian society that would thrive from honoring God's laws...
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...power, the Catholic Church abused it by exploiting the uneducated laity in a variety of different ways. Luther had his tower experience in 1516, while he was studying the Bible he came to a realisation that the Catholics have misinterpreted it and they are not following the word of God. One year later, Luther published his ideas on how the Catholic Church could reform and make it into a more complete religion, these were the Ninety-five Theses. This was the start of Luther’s challenge to the Catholic Church. The most significant reason why Luther was able to challenge the Catholic Church so successfully in 1517-25 is because of the role of Luther, as he was the figurehead of Lutheranism and was very key to the challenge to the Catholic Church. Another significant reason why Luther was able to challenge the Catholic Church so successfully in 1517-25 is because of the response of Church and the Holy Roman Empire. Furthermore, the support of Luther made it easier for Luther to challenge the Catholic Church and so was an important reason. The role of Luther is the most important reason why Luther was able to challenge the Catholic Church so successfully in the years 1517-25. The Ninety-five Theses in 1517, the 1520 pamphlets and printing press were very significant factors in making the word of Luther more public to the uneducated laity about how the Catholic Church is exploiting them. The printing press helped Luther challenge the Catholic Church easily because Luther’s Ninety-five...
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...The Church of St. Ignatius is what I believe one of the early Baroque buildings of Prague and “is considered the third greatest Jesuit complex in Europe.” (Your Guide Through Prague) It was built in the 17th century, and the flamboyant, overwhelming of the stucco decoration is typical of early Baroque churches built by the Jesuits. According to my notes, it was devoted to the founder of the Jesuit order. Jesuits were known to being conformed to hard discipline, absolute obedience, and lived a very frugal life according to their founder’s model. On the top of the church face, there is a statue with gold surrounding it or a halo. I would assume this is St. Ignatius himself. Out of all the types of statues and statues on buildings around Prague, usually the man with the gold “light” surrounding him is Jesus Christ. However, I think the Jesuit rules allowed this great figure to have this surrounding him. Most of the paintings inside the church have intricate designs; they basically make you marvel and be overwhelmed by how outdone everything is inside. As we learned later in class, the same artist who created many statues on the Charles Bridge designed most of the works inside the church. “Another kind of mystical attraction of the church is the inscription on the tympanum, which connects to their own text and chronogram: MAIORI DEI GLORIAE et SANCTI IGNAZII HONORI PIAETAS EREXIT. This translates as: “Built to the greatness of God’s glory and the honorable pious St Ignatius.”...
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...Study Guide: Module 6 |I. Christianity is a Practical Religion |Instructions to Student: | | |Write your answers in this column. The cell will expand as you type. | |Core Christianity (textbook): Chapter 10 | | | |What is the relationship between works and salvation? |If you are saved you will do good works. | | |Why do Christians do good works? |For the Love of God, compassion to others, it’s a command in the bible | |II. Christianity is a Movement that | | |Transforms Culture | | |A. Core Christianity (textbook): Chapter 11 | | | |When did Christianity become Rome’s national religion? |AD 313 | | |What was the...
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...The English Reformation has a history of its own; a series of numerous events that brought about a reshaping of the Church, a paradigm shift in peoples understanding of ministry, as well as some other critical theological beliefs. And so it is also widely considered as the turning point for Christianity in England because it brought along reformed ideas, thoughts and ways of doing things, not only in the church, but also in England. A new dawn had come. The English Reformation is also remembered for the political ambitions and struggles which juxtaposed side by side with the theological and spiritual issues of the time. There were hot debate, burnings at the stake, organized coups, charges of treason and heresy and divorces which polluted the air. The history of the English Reformation certainly does not make for bedtime stories, nevertheless it is what it is and Christianity in England consequently took a dramatic turn of events. When we think of the Anglican Communion we think of the Book of Common Prayer and when turn the pages we can do nothing else but think of the scholar, priest and revolutionist who created it, Thomas Cranmer. Out of the smoke of the reformation arose the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556). Cranmer, amongst many is one of the iconic figures who helped influence Christian church history, and is often referred to as the ‘Architect of Church of England.’ In particular, Cranmer’s most noted contribution came to the surface during the...
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