...With reference to examples, evaluate the success or otherwise of urban regeneration schemes in combating the causes and consequences of urban decline. (40 marks) Urban decline is the deterioration of the inner city often caused by lack of investment and maintenance. It is often but not exclusively accompanied by a decline in population numbers, decreasing economic performance and unemployment. There are many reasons for urban decline such as loss of industry through changing market conditions or a lack of withdrawal of government support, Political decisions – governments can favour some cities over others, and encourage the development of some areas over others. Outmigration of wealthier and more skilled people leaves a lesser qualified population behind, which means less skilled workers are taking the jobs, and not doing them right linking back to a loss of industry, really urban decline is one big cycle, and it’s very hard to escape. This is where urban regeneration schemes come into play, urban regeneration schemes are used to improve the appearance of our towns and cities and to regenerate the area by restoring confidence and attracting new investment. In most cases they are used to improve the appearance of public open spaces in the centres of our cities, towns and villages. There are various government led schemes to regenerate cities, I am going to write about three such schemes, in London, Bradford and Southampton, and evaluate the overall effectiveness of whether they...
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...What is the relationship between rebranding and regeneration? Though the two concepts are often confused or used synonymously, rebranding and regeneration refer to two very different (but intrinsically linked) aspects of creating a new identity or “fresh start” for something, or somewhere. Regeneration typically refers to encouraging growth and restoration in an area that has previously displayed symptoms of decline, primarily the economy but also relating to other social, economic and environmental aspects of an area. Nonetheless, it is an essential aspect of creating a new beginning for an area because without a stable economic foundation, an area can struggle to grow and strive as it lacks the financial capability to continue expanding. Regeneration is seen as a long and continuous process that transforms a depleting area (in terms of economy and physical features) into a growing, stable area. Rebranding, however, refers to a much more varied and inclusive type of change – instead focussing on developing a place to change or improve its image and public opinion. This usually consists of two different actions: regeneration and reimaging. Rebranding as a concept usually includes regeneration as one of the two fundamental steps to positively transform or rebrand an area. Unlike regeneration, rebranding focuses on improving the actual physical infrastructure and environment of an area – the “inside” – as well as improving the public opinion towards the area and making...
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...There are at least two ways to answer this question. One way is to argue that Regeneration is not an anti-war novel. First, because the work is historical fiction, we might assert that it was necessary for Barker to include Sassoon's protest against the war as an important facet of his character, but that his protest is not central to the novel. Second, as the narrator does not play an intrusive role in the story, there is no overarching judgment of the occurrences and events that carries a didactic anti-war tone. Third, in the characters' observations there is most definitely a condemnation of well known pacifists like Bertrand Russell and Ottoline Morrell. Finally, we may argue that Regeneration is not an anti-war novel because it contains no discussion or evaluation of the aims and purposes of war; it only deals with the effects of war, and therefore cannot be said to be firmly positioned in one camp or the other. There seems, however, to be more evidence supporting the position that Regeneration is an anti-war novel. Barker offers realistic detail of many horrible war scenes, dwelling upon the destruction that war wreaks upon men's minds. These details comprise a large portion of the novel. Furthermore, Sassoon, the novel's hero, rejects all justification for such a high amount of human suffering. Barker presents Sassoon as a likable, sympathetic character who is perfectly clear and reasonable; it seems natural for us to accept his judgments as sound. Perhaps most important...
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...Explore the ways in which the three texts present the suffering of soldiers in the war. World War One is known as “the war to end all wars”[1]. The war cultured “extreme suffering” which inspired many writers. The war also aided the advancement of attitudes towards the emotionality of men. Individual suffering is manipulated to intensify the pain by isolating singular characters. Sacrifices of the men force the reader into an uncomfortable atmosphere. Sebastian Faulks’ Bildungsroman Birdsong highlights the suffering of individual to understate that of the masses. Regeneration, written by Pat Barker in 1991, uses factual occurrences of Sassoon and Owen’s lives in Craiglockhart to detail historic experiences of suffering. The poetry features both pro and anti-war perspectives from historical figures featured within Regeneration. Birdsong emotively persuades readers that individual anguish has detrimental effects on soldier’s lives intensifying their suffering. The texts use third person narrative to create emotive circumstances which manipulate the reader into understanding the suffering as either mass or individual. The writers’ portrayal of individual suffering was the most poignant compared to the subversion of widespread suffering. The texts expose the stigmatization of physical disability as a cause of individual suffering. Historically, the dependence of disabled life reflects the burden faced by soldiers of returning to normality. Wilfred Owen’s poem Disabled explores the...
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...Participation: A theoretical context Introduction Theories of community participation have received considerable academic attention particularly since the early 1990’s but have been a source of debate since at least the 1960s. This paper is intended to provide a brief overview of some of the most prominent theories which have been put forward as a means of understanding and appraising participation structures and practices. It has been prepared in order to provide a theoretical context within which the appropriateness of different approaches to community participation in rural transport in Wiltshire can be assessed. The note begins by providing a simple definition of participation. Two of the more prominent frameworks for community participation are then summarised and explored. In recognition that such frameworks represent simplifications of a far more complex reality, a number of these complexities are then explored, namely: • dimensions of power; • issues of process and capacity; and • the nature of ‘community’. The note concludes by describing an evaluation tool for community participation, which has sought to address many of these complexities. 1. A definition of participation For the purposes of this note a useful definition of public or community participation is that adopted by Stoker (1997) for ‘political participation’ (following Parry et al, 1992): members of the public ‘taking part in any of the processes of formulation, passage and implementation of public...
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...The Limitations On Regenerations, And How To Get Around It. Disclaimer: Before you begin be warned I am writing based on my knowledge of Doctor Who. If you need elaborations on content please let me know and I will gladly do so. I hope you enjoy the brain food. Cheers. L et me start by giving you brief background on regeneration as a manufactured ability by a timelord. Cardinal Rassilon had been investigating a method of regenerating decayed and diseased tissue by way of a series of self-replicating, biogenic molecules. This is obviously because he is such a boss. Rassilon only invented/created this for the Gallifreyan elite. I’ll stop here to blow your mind; Not all Gallifreyans are timelords, but all timelords are Gallifreyan elites. Rassilon also inputted a limitation of only twelve regenerations, this giving the timelord a total of thirteen incarnations. He did so to supposedly avoid the decaying of the biogenic molecules from wear and tear (pun). In a few examples throughout the Whoniverse, however, this limitation has been circumvented (or at least theorized to). I’ll explain more after the jump. In the episode The Five Doctors, the High Council (Rossilon is a member) offered the Master a new regenerative cycle. This is implying the limit can be replaced. I don’t say reset since the decay would still be occurring up to the 12th regeneration. Another example is from a recent and more widely seen episode. In Let’s Kill Hitler Melody Pond is in her third incarnation (her...
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...With reference to examples, evaluate the success or otherwise of urban regeneration schemes in combating the causes and consequences of urban decline. (40 marks) Urban decline can be defined as the drastic decline of a city into infirmity and disrepair. It is usually characterised by increased unemployment, depopulation, deindustrialization, increased crime and political disenfranchisement. Not only does it cause these problems but also it can make the area look unattractive – consequently less people being enticed to the area. This can then lead to a vicious cycle. The causes of these factors, which ultimately cause urban decline, can be: educated workers keep moving to the suburbs to avoid crime, poor schools, taxes and racial tensions. These businesses also find that building new facilities in the suburbs is much cheaper than refurbishing old buildings for their needs. There are many reasons to move out of the city but only a few reasons to stay. When a city or an urban area sinks into decline, the council has the choice to regenerate the area to entice people back into the area. When regeneration is considered in the context of ‘urban,’ it involves the rebirth or renewal of urban areas and settlements. Urban regeneration is primarily concerned with regenerating cities and early/inner ring suburbs facing periods of decline. The term urban regeneration covers everything from creating desirable homes in city centers to finding new uses for our formal industrial heartlands...
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...Explore the ways in which Barker’s use of language, form and structure have affected your response to the presentation of the horrors of war. In the novel ‘Regeneration’, Pat Barker uses language, form and structure to present the horrors of war using the characters in the novel; who represent the soldiers in the front line, during World War One. The novel is two hundred and fifty pages, distributed between twenty three chapters and split into four parts which could be used to show four months at Craiglockhart hospital, where the novel is based. The novel is based in World War One and the horrors of war presented in the book represent what life was like for the soldiers on the frontline. The unmentionable trauma they witnessed: watching comrades die, the pile of dead bodies consuming the space around them, the stench coming from the trench (such as rats, rotting flesh and gas from on enemies attacks). In chapter two, Barker presents a horror of war through the character Burns. Before the reader is even shown the trauma that Burns went through, his mouth being filled with decaying human flesh, Barker suggests how terrible his experience was. “Rivers had become adept at finding bearable aspects to unbearable experiences, but Burns defeated him.” This suggests to the reader that Burns personal experience must be so vile that even a doctor was unable to fully tolerate it. The fact Rivers has been able to endure horrid experiences of patients at the hospital and manage to deal...
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...Reconnecting to a Forgotten River An Ecological Solution Design Thesis | Aaron Hanson Reconnecting to a Forgotten River A Design Thesis Submitted to the Department of Architecture and Landscape Architecture of North Dakota State University By Aaron Hanson In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelors of Landscape Architecture Primary Thesis Advisor Thesis Committee Chair May, 2012 Fargo, North Dakota Ma, 0 2 y2 1 table of contents abstract problem statement statement of intent narrative user/client description major project elements site information project emphasis plan for proceeding previous studio experience theoretical premise research case studies climate data historical context project goals site analysis an ecological solution personal identification reference list 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 - 12 13 14 15 16 - 34 35 - 58 59 - 65 66 - 71 72 73 - 88 89 - 108 109 110 - 111 abstract Waterways are a vital and productive resource to our environment. Rivers provide a variety of amenities and services to communities across the world such as drinking water, food, travel, recreation, wildlife habitat, connection to place, aesthetic appeal, economic development, etc. This thesis project examines the importance of the Mississippi River to its urban community and how riverfront design can function as a unifying element for the city center and its ecosystem. Over half of the world’s future population will be living in urban environments...
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...Regeneration is a process that regrows and repairs parts of the body that are lost or injured. This process mostly occurs in certain types of animals like worms, starfish and sea cucumbers, but regeneration can occur in every species. The type of regeneration differs, as planaria can regenerate their entire body, as humans can only regenerate cells and certain body organs, such as the liver (Chen et al. 1991). Regeneration is important to the animal because it is involved in functionality, and without these limbs and structures the animal would have “locomotor, foraging, reproductive, and/or metabolic disadvantages” (Maginnis, 2006, p. 289). If an animal was to lose an arm and not be able to regrow it, the animal would lack function and eventually die off, this process allows them to adapt and survive within their environment. Like almost every other bodily system or process, the process can be manipulated and changed by different factors. Regeneration can be affected by both internal and external factors, such as nerves within the animal, (Fansa and Keilhoff, 2003) and environmental factors. Environmental factors include: temperature, salinity, pH and many other factors. Dugesia tigrina are flatworm planaria, that live in freshwater lakes,...
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...Using Anti-fungal Agents to Reduce Fungal Contamination for Micropropagation in the Classroom Jason Okazaki Mentor: Roger Shane Gold Department of Biology, Brigham Young University-Hawaii, 55-220 Kulanui St., Laie Hawaii Introduction Micropropagation is a method used for the multiplication of tissue culture in vitro. Fungal contamination is a major problem during explant micropropagation, as fungal growths greatly reduces survival and shoot proliferation. Fungal contamination is especially a problem in undergraduate teaching labs where inexperience and suboptimal culturing conditions tend to amplify the problem. The use of antifungal agents in culture may help alleviate these problems (Brown et al. 1982, Sheilds et al. 1984, Hauptmann et al. 1985, Tynan et al. 1993) . The purpose of this study was to explore the use of antifungal chemicals on Saintpaulia ionantha (African Violet), Daucas carota (Carrot), and Passiflora edulis (Passionfruit) by testing the efficacy of five commonly used antifungal compounds (Miconazole, PPM, Amphotericin B, Benomyl, Nystatin) as gauged by monitoring rates of fungal contamination and explant survival during in vitro micropropagation. Results There was a significant difference between the different antifungals used when comparing explant survival (p=0.011). PPM at 1.5 ml/L showed the best result with 75.0% of P. edulis explants surviving. Conclusions All explants of D. carota were contaminated throughout the experiment. This may have...
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...THE DOCTRINE OF BAPTISMAL REGENERATION: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE RESTORATION MOVEMENT A Research Paper Submitted to Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Online In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Systematic Theology II (TH 530-D09) By Justin Hartpence (23828793) May 12, 2013 THESIS STATEMENT This paper shall argue that this is an inaccurate depiction and seek to put forth the common view of baptism in the Restoration Movement as distinct from the common understanding of baptismal regeneration, while pointing to key factors that play a role in popular inaccuracies. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 DEFINING REGENERATION 2 DEFINING BAPTISM 3 The Mode 3 The Subject 4 The Meaning 6 According to Classic Baptismal Regenerationists 7 According to Restoration Movement Theology 8 BAPTSIM AS THE OCCASION OF SALVATION 9 John 3:5 9 Titus 3:5 11 BAPTISM'S RELATION TO FAITH 12 CONCLUSION 14 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 15 INTRODUCTION Change: it is an inevitable fact of life. Whether it is plant, animal, human or thought nothing exists for very long without addition or subtraction of some kind. Unfortunately theology is not immune. One need only survey the history of Christianity to see this disconcerting fact. Like a pendulum, however, as theology sways outward from its starting point there are inevitably forces that pull it back. This happened most notably in the Reformation under the guidance of reformers...
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...5) In 1500 words, discuss the merits of market led, sports led and retail led regeneration as ways of improving cities. - Market led regeneration is regeneration through increasing trade from the domestic market to other international markets. This is enhanced by the process of de-regulation and promoting ‘free trade’ and free markets. This kind of development, whereby private companies make the decisions and are given benefits (such as tax breaks) is known as market led regeneration. One of the main and most important merits from market led regeneration is the economic growth and prosperity which often flourishes, one reason for this is that there are less restrictions on MNC’s and TNCs (Trans National Companies and Multi National Companies) to trade and outsource their labour force. Consequently the home country of an MNC or TNC will benefit largely from taxes sent back which will be higher due to greater profit margins made by these corporations. Even other countries and communities will benefit greatly due to many jobs being provided reducing unemployment rate. An example of de-regulation and promoting trade is the international business hub of London, in previous years 1970 – 1990 there was serious development on promoting free trade and de-regulation done by Margaret Thatcher. This involved the re-construction of the entire railway line, as well as non international (domestic) incentives offered to businesses such as tax benefits etc. Additionally transport developments...
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...Pat Barker's novel Regeneration she explores the effects that World War I has on the human condition and more specifically on the condition of a group of characters. Historical figures, such as the war poets Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen, and the military psychiatrist W. H. R. Rivers, are interwoven into the novels, yet it is important to note that while Barker's research on their lives infuses her characterizations, they are inventions as much as reclamations, endowed with psychological depths that she imagines for them. Similarly, Barker purposefully deploys language in self-conscious ways. Barker mixes fiction and fact so seamlessly. Most of her characters existed as mentioed above, the real life character's involved all did spend these months of 1917 at Craiglockhart together. The novel takes you into their private world. We see the young, idealistic poet Wilfred Owen shyly giving his poems to Sassoon for advice Class differences were only too apparent within Britain's military entities. The Army structured itself around class and in many ways, recreated the British class system in miniature: aristocratic generals, middle-class officers, and a working class rank and file. This structure reinforced on the war front the class distinctions of the home front, and the long-standing prejudices of the British class system ensured that enlisted men were treated almost like children, it is clear that this relates to the character's involved in Regeneration. Barker uses characters...
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...Nelson Bumrungkul Planaria Regeneration Lab Report Planaria are a type of flatworm that could reproduce itself or with other planarian. They are asexual creatures and belong in the Turbellaria class. They could also be referred as a Dugesia, their second name. Planaria could be found in many parts of the world, living in both saltwater and freshwater ponds or rivers. Planaria are carnivores and eat mainly tiny worms or snail, they could also eat themselves. Planarians are known for their extraordinary ability to regenerate their missing body parts. They have two eyes, which are used to detect light. They use their eyes to get away from the light and the light source. Planarians have three layers of germs ( ectoderm, mesoderm,...
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