...Our main purpose of the study was to apply the MTM theory among substance abuse clients in some of the treatment and rehabilitation facilities in Memphis and to explore the reasons for successfully quitting. This study tried to explore and understand the reasons for quitting substance abuse. Narratives were obtained by one-to-one in-depth interviews with 30 individuals and the emerging themes were mapped to the Multi-theory model theoretical framework. The qualitative analysis revealed most if not all of the constructs from the Multi-Theory model. This explorative study tried to synthesize the qualitative unsolicited data reporting on the reasons of substance abuse individuals who had successfully quit. Due to the limited literature on this...
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...RESEARCH ON THE TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE AND EFFECTIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE DRUG ABUSERS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES AN ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DRUG ABUSERS PREFACE Crimes related to drug abuse and the illegal manufacturing and trafficking of drugs are serious problems for virtually every country. The abuse of drugs has an adverse impact, not only on the individual abuser, but also on the economy and society of a country as a whole. Drug use and the problems that accompany it have an extremely deleterious effect on the healthy development of young people, especially. Due to the rapid increase in drug related crime and drug abusers in Asian countries, the establishment of effective countermeasures for demand and supply reduction are a pressing issue. In light of the above-mentioned situation, the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI); and the Research Division of the Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Justice jointly conducted a comprehensive study on drug abuser treatment, from 2002 to 2004, entitled “Research on the Trends in Drug Abuse and Effective Measures for the Treatment of the Drug Abusers in Asian Countries - An Analysis of Innovative Measures for the Treatment of Drug Abusers”. The Asian countries included in the study are: China (Hong Kong), Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. This is the first phase of the study on drug abuser treatment; the second...
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...to improve our understanding of this problem and what might be done to help resolve this growing problem. To help explain this comorbidity, we need to know that drug addiction is a mental illness. It is a brain disease characterized by compulsive, at times uncontrollable drug craving, seeking and using despite the terrible consequences. Despite devastating consequences behaviors that stem from drug-induced changes in brain structure and function. These changes occur in some of the same brain areas that are disrupted in other mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia. It is not surprising that population surveys show a high rate of co-occurrence, or comorbidity, between drug addiction and other mental illnesses. As awareness of the problem of duel diagnosis has grown models for integrating mental health and substance abuse treatments have begun to emerge but have not been applied to the homeless population. (Argeriou & McCarty, 1990) Approximately one third of homeless persons suffer from severe and disabling mental illnesses (Morrissey & Dennis; 1986; Tessler & Dennis, (1989), 30% to 40% have alcohol problems and 10% to 20% have problems with other drugs Milburn, (1989). Approximately 10% to 20% of homeless persons are dually diagnosed with mental illness and alcohol or other drug problems Tessler & Dennis (1989). In a review of on homelessness for the...
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...Alegria Rodriguez Professor Baiz PELEC 15 16 May 2014 Drug Abuse It is often misunderstood by people why or how others get addicted to drugs. Most of the time we perceive abusers lack morals, are bad people and that it is easy to quit and to change their behaviors. Drug abuse is a serious public health problem that affects almost every community and family in some way. Each year drug abuse causes millions of serious illnesses or injuries among Americans. Abused drugs include Amphetamines, Anabolic steroids, Club drugs, Cocaine, Heroin, Inhalants, Marijuana and Prescription drugs. Drug addiction is actually a disease and quitting is more than having a strong will or good intentions. Drugs change the brain which causes quitting to be more difficult even if the abuser is ready to do so because of withdrawals or other symptoms. It has so many negative consequences on the abuser and society. Estimates of the total overall costs of substance abuse in the United States, including productivity and health- and crime-related costs, exceed $600 billion annually. Estimates of the total overall costs of substance abuse in the United States, including productivity and health and crime related costs, surpass $600 billion annually. This includes approximately $193 billion for illicit drugs, (1) $193 billion for tobacco, (2) and $235 billion for alcohol. (3) As bad as these numbers are they don’t fully describe the other prices people pay such as crime, loss of employment, failure in school...
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...Introduction 2. Body * The rehabilitation program being short * Lack of a transition plan in place * Effect of family or peers * Lack of willingness by the individual * Presence of an undiagnosed disorder * Lack of follow-up 3. Conclusion Rehabilitated Drug Addicts Can Return to Normal Social Life. Drug and substance abuse and addiction is a colossal issue today. Hanson and Ventulleri recently noted in their research on marijuana that there has been a rise in its use among teens as at 2013(6). Drug use has devastating consequences including stress, health problems and addiction that has necessitated Government agencies and National Drug societies to establish measures meant to help drug addicts conquer their addiction state and enable them lead healthy lives. Treatment programs aim to suppress the urge for cravings and effects associated with withdrawal. However, despite these efforts, little has been achieved as many of those who undergo such treatment programs relapse into their chronic addiction state (Leavitt 154). Treatment aims at lowering the possibility of relapse. However, this has not always been achieved. Because of the increasingly high numbers of addicts going back into drug use, questions have been raised about the reliability of the methods used. While addiction can be successfully managed just as other chronic diseases, there exist several factors that hinder the process of restoring addicts to normalcy. One of the reasons that hinder success...
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...and illegal drugs such as marijuana, methamphetamine, cocaine, have made their way into our small rural communities. Rural America has become a refuge for drug makers, dealers and abusers. Substance abuse such as drugs, alcohol, and prescription drugs are a growing problem in rural communities due to stress, peer pressure and chronic pain. Studies have reported that individuals exposed to stress are more likely to abuse alcohol and other drugs or undergo relapse (National Institute on Drug Abuse, n.d.). It is well established that the effects of stress can damage people’s mental and physical health. Not everyone deals with stress in the same way, where as some people have an inability to deal with it effectively. One of the ways that the individual may attempt to manage their stress is by using alcohol or drugs. This type of self-medication can provide temporary relief, but is ultimately self-defeating. It can mean that the individual will have more stress in their life than ever, but they will have even less of an ability to handle it. Using drugs, as a short-term solution to the stress going on in their life is dangerous and can lead to addiction. Stress can be caused by the loss of job, divorce, death of a loved one or many other numerous situations. Stress is a major factor and is one of the leading causes of drug abuse. Teenagers and young adult face peer pressure, which results in the raise in substance abuse within this age bracket. Experimental drug use, usually...
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...11/13/2013 Professor: Shelley Evans Final copy: Drug abuse Teen drug and substance abuse is a way to get away and forget about their life problems. It is common among teenagers to use and abuse over the counter and illegal substances. In 2002 a national survey was done and it showed “That 54% of high school students indicated using an illicit drug before graduating from high school.” Crouch, B. Caravati, E., & Booth, J. (2004) pg1252. One need to raise awareness among teenagers regarding the abuse of drugs and substances. By seeking therapy, consulting parents and close friends, or speaking with a drug counselor will help teenagers manage drug abuse. Seeking therapy and joining a support groups is a good way to help teenagers get motivated, stay positive, and quit the use of drugs. Therapy is a great way to set goals with your counselor to stay motivated and moving forward with a positive attitude. “Addiction counselors can easily incorporate a positive psychology approach in their work.” Miller, G. A. (2005) Pg205. The support, encouragement, and understanding from a counselor builds trust with their client. Counselors need to be able to gain a trusting relationship with their client in order to help them develop a positive attitude. A client without a positive attitude could struggle through treatment. It is crucial for the counselor to gain trust from their client. Miller, G. A. (2005) Pg206 Within the leading factors to drug abuse the following are peer pressure, family...
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...Addiction is specifically concern with the process by which drug-taking behavior, in certain individuals, evolves into compulsive patterns of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior that take place at the expense of most other activities and the inability to cease drug-taking. THERE ARE FIVE THEORIES OF ADDICTION NAMELY; * MEDICAL MODEL * PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL * SOCIAL MODEL * MORAL MODEL * BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL MEDICAL MODEL This involves * Addiction as a “brain disease” * Neurotransmitter imbalance * Disease model: * Agent: drug * Vector: dealers * Host: addict PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL This involves the following * Drug abusers who are self-medicating * Drug abuse which is a symptom of underlying psychological problems * Drug use is also a maladaptive psychological coping strategy * Drug abusers also need to resolve internal conflict, and when they do, drug use will be unnecessary. SOCIAL MODEL This involves * Drug use as a learned behavior * People using drugs because drug use is modeled by others * Peer pressure * Environmental effects leading to drug use MORAL MODEL * Addicts are usually weak and can overcome a compulsion to use with willpower * Drug abusers are anti-social and should be punished for that * Drug are generally evil BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL * All the above are true, to greater or lesser degrees * Each person’s drug use is a result of some aspects of some or all the other models...
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...to Prevent Drugs and Crime in a Drug and Crime Ridden Society We have all heard the stories in the news of a robbery or a murder, and the first order of business is to claim the perpetrator must be involved in a drug scheme. The saying usually goes like this “family must have been robbed for drug money” or “that family was killed because they lived in a nice house, it must have been a drug dealer.” Sometimes we find out that the crime was not even drug related, it happened to one of our own in society. However, to blame a crime on drugs has always seemed to be the quick fix to make a case quick, easy, and closed. The relationship between drug abuse and crime is complex. Not all individuals who use drugs become addicted, nor do they commit violent crime. Social and economic concerns, such as crime, illness, premature death, and significant loss in productivity are all affected by alcohol and drug abuse. Drug abuse is implicated in at least three types of drug-related offenses: (1) offenses defined by drug possession or sales, (2) offenses directly related to drug abuse (e.g., stealing to get money for drugs), and (3) offenses related to a lifestyle that predisposes the drug abuser to engage in illegal activity, for example, through association with other offenders or with illicit markets. Individuals who use illicit drugs are more likely to commit crimes, and it is common for many offenses, including violent crimes, to be committed by individuals who had used drugs or alcohol...
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...Cocaine became prevalent in 5,000 B.C. of the Inca Empire in Peru. It is derived from cocoa plants were they would chew the leaves and extract the cocoa from it. It effect can be increased by adding calcified lime to raise the alkalinity which improves the effect of cocaine. This would be of assistance to them when they had to travel great distances due it increasing their endurance and strength. Eventually, the demand for cocaine grew high in the field of medicine. A surgeon, Halsted, from New York was interested in cocaine benefits as an anesthetic. Halsted decided to try this experiment on him. Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud was the first to use the drug himself and because of its beneficial factors such as curing depression and to assist in sexual desires. He would promote this drug to his close friends despite the effects the drug could have on them. I. Freud...
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...therapy, behavioral therapy and any needed social services and rehabilitation is considered the best treatment approach (Leshner, 2001). Research would seem to support the position that chronic substance use produces long-lasting changes in the brain (Volkow, Chang, Gene-Jack, Fowler et al., 2001) that are responsible for the impaired cognitive functioning, including the compulsive urge to use, that is characteristic of addictive behavior (Leshner, 2001). The comparative analysis conducted by McLellan and others (2000) also suggests similar kinds of factors, including genetics, contribute to addiction and other chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and hypertension. They also found that drug dependence shared several other features with chronic illnesses, such as treatment compliance and relapse (McLellan, 2000). While this does not offer definitive proof that addiction is a chronic illness, it does lend some credibility to the theory....
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...Mass. By the 1300’s, beer industry had emerged in Central Europe. At this time, wine was also continuing to grow in popularity; many brands named for the places in which they originated. At first alcohol was desined for the practical reasons, its use changed. People began to experiment with different types of alcohol. Alcohol became an integral part of European culture. We need to understand the harmful effects of alcohol, because it can be fatal. "Alcoholism is a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by continuous or periodic: impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial." (http://www.ncadd.org/facts/defalc.html). Alcoholism is sometimes characterized by the following elements: 1. Craving: A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. 2. Loss of control: The frequent inability to stop drinking once a person has begun. 3. Physical dependence: The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is...
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...decision that has been made for heart transplant patient. I want to address the process of this decision, and how I have incorporated professional and ethical views in decision making process. I evaluated all three patients’ current situation and their need for transplant. Jerry is 55 years old family man. He is in desperate need of a new heart because his heart fails at early age due to a use of steroid. The possible danger of steroid was unknown at that time. Lisa is 12 years old girl living with lifelong diseases. Her heart stops working after a struggle with pneumonia. Her father, Dr Joe, is a leading oncologist in our hospital and offering $2 million dollars donation. Lastly, Ozzy is 38 years old homeless drug abuser. His heart condition is due to continue drug abuse and overdosing of crack cocaine. After a brief study about their need for heart and their conditions, I decided that Jerry is the perfect candidate for heart transplant and will benefit most from this procedure. First, I have considered some common ethical and moral values in my decision making process. In case of Ozzy, I think it is unethical to judge a worth of person’s life base on their social status. Every person has equal rights to live and seek medical attention. As a health care professional, I would never ignore a person just because he is homeless. He is equally eligible for transplant as other candidate if we ignore his addiction problem. Likewise, it would not be ethical to choose Lisa due to...
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...Drug Treatment for Offenders Nicole Myers 20700 CRIJ 1304 Probation and Parole Abstract The addiction to drugs is a difficult thing for any individual to deal with. Often, addiction leads to the decline of a person’s well-being, financial security, and health. Drug addicts have a hard time keeping a job, their families suffer the consequences, and sometimes the addicts find themselves either in trouble with the law, or homeless on the street. There is an epidemic of almost epic proportions in this wonderful nation called the United States. However, this epidemic is not only national; it is worldwide. And because of this epidemic there are other problems in society such as an increase in crime and prison overcrowding. The epidemic is that of Substance Abuse and Addiction. The penal systems of each state house more prisoners due to drug related crimes than any other. Treatment instead of incarceration would be beneficial to the addict himself and to society as a whole. Evidence shows treatment would lower the amount of criminal activity due to substance abuse and addiction. Logic shows that if a problem is cured then the consequences of the problem disappear. There are different points of view on the subject of treatment or incarceration for those criminals who are substance abusers. And there are valid points in either argument. The viewpoint in favor of incarceration is supported by the deterrence and incapacitation theory. This theory promotes increased arrests, prosecutions...
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...Cocaine Addiction Education ENG 122: English Composition II September 1, 2008 Drug addiction and alcoholism is wide spread among adults and teenagers in today’s society. The percentage of adults affected by these addictions has always been high; however the percentage of teenagers affected by drug and alcohol addictions is growing astronomically. Cocaine has become the drug of choice for adults and teenagers, next to alcohol and prescription drugs. It is the quickest high that can be achieved but one of the deadliest. Cocaine addition affects not only those getting high but their loved ones and friends. If there was more emphasis on cocaine addiction education for the loved ones and friends of those affected, there would be decreased incidents of relapse and overdoses. My research and personal experiences with cocaine addiction will enable me to provide general information on cocaine, cocaine addiction, and how relationships are affected. What is cocaine? According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), “cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. Extracted from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush, it was used in tonics/elixirs to treat a variety of illnesses during the 1900’s.” (NIDA, 2008) Cocaine is used in two chemical forms which are powdered and freebase. The powdered form known as hydrochloride salt is snorted up the nose and known on the street as “coke,” “blow,” “snow,” “flake,” and “C.” It is also injected...
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