...Transformational versus Transactional Leadership 1 Running Head: Transformational versus Transaction Leadership Transformational versus Transaction Leadership Dr. Byron L. Cherry 28 August 2007 Transformational versus Transactional Leadership 2 Introduction The best executive is the one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, and self-restraint to keep from meddling with them while they do it. ~ Theodore Roosevelt Good leaders make people feel that they're at the very heart of things, not at the periphery. Everyone feels that he or she makes a difference to the success of the organization. When that happens people feel centered and that gives their work meaning. ~ Warren Bennis In todays ever-changing environment leaders are finding themselves playing major roles. Today’s leaders have to be strategic in every since of the word. Organizations are looking for that special leader who is not only strategic, but also transformational to take them to the next level. Transformational Leadership Defined According to Bernard Bass, transformational leadership is a form of leadership that occurs when leaders “broaden and elevate the interests of their employees, when they generate awareness and acceptance of the purposes and the mission of the group, and when they stir their employees to look beyond their own self-interest for the good of the group.†Transactional Leadership Defined Bass states that transactional leadership is built on reciprocity. The...
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...of leaders. For example, a recent meta-analysis into the trait-leadership relationship found leadership to be positively correlated with extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and negatively related to neuroticism (Judge, Bono, Ilies, & Gerhardt, 2002). While there is this developing literature considering the ‘normal’ personality of leaders, another literature is growing alongside – that of the ‘dark side’ of leadership personality, that is, more negatively connotated traits (e.g., Hogan & Hogan, 2001). The study of the ‘dark side’ of personality has an important role in helping organizations identify those with the potential for ‘derailment’, deviant behaviours, and poor work performance (e.g., Furnham and Taylor, 2004, Hogan and Hogan, 2001 and Moscoso and Salagdo, 2004). Within this literature, a relationship between the ‘dark side’ and transformational leadership has often been alluded to (see Parry & Proctor-Thomson, 2002), yet there is limited empirical research investigating this relationship. Transformational leadership has been described by Bass and Avolio (2004) as encouraging other people to perform and develop beyond what is normally expected of them, and differs from transactional leadership, which refers to a leadership style focused on interpersonal transactions between managers and employees (Bass, 1985). For Bass (1985), transformational leadership enhances transactional leadership by transforming the follower’s mind-set and purpose, and bringing...
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...2- The affect of leadership style on group communication. 3- Source of power found in Google. 4- How this source of power affect group and organization communication. 5- Google culture. 6- The motivational theory that would be effective within that culture. 7- Evaluation of the role of communication as an element of this theory. 8- Describe the commitment of the workforce to Google. 9- Relationship between the commitment and the communication. 1-leadership style in Google My researches about Google leadership style. I find out that leaders using transformational leadership style and this is one of my own favorite styles. That's because the leaders increase the satisfaction and the moral between the employees. The leader that uses this type of leadership they motivate and they give intellectual simulation. Plus, they have taken in considerations the individuals as well. If we also take a look about the qualities of the transformational style when we see that this style encourages the workers or the employees to be more innovative and creative. By opening the channels of communication, That is less a stressful and more casual and this allows the ideas between the group members to be reach and understood more easily also, the transformational style It is helping and building trust among the employees and the leaders. 2- The affect of leadership style on group communication. The transformational leadership style it has a big affect and the organization...
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...Discuss the reasons behind the current enthusiasm for transformational leadership and comment upon the adequacy of the theory Introduction On the threshold of the 21st century, organizational strategy highlights the importance of the effective utilization of knowledge and human resources (Ying, Ken and Ting, 2012). To compete in such circumstances with the rapid diffusion of information, organizations must improve employees’ professional skills and knowledge to maintain their competitive advantage to some degree. In this case, understanding the effectiveness of leadership is crucial. The evolution of leadership theories have generally transited from a stage that focused on personal features to the next, which is more dependent on the interaction between leaders and subordinates. Recently, leadership research has accentuated the effectiveness of transactional and transformational leadership (Tyssen, Wald and Heidenreich, 2014). Compared with transactional leadership, some scholars have argued that transformational leadership could result in a higher level of work engagement in a dynamic environment (Brief and Weiss, 2002). However, although transformational leaders could bring positive affect on employers’ behavior in several aspects and could also instigate a collaborative work environment, it is possible for employers to become over-reliant on them. In addition, it is undeniable that cultural values will have a pervasive influence on different aspects of management and...
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...constraints. Volunteers are selected and trained to fill certain roles. The program director did not have a leadership style that worked well with the volunteers, and ultimately he left. For nine months, there was no program director. Another newly hired program director did not get along with the volunteers, and this time, the volunteers resigned and left the station with little help. Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Analyze the causes of the problem with understaffing at the Online University. - Budgetary constraints - Who trained and selected the volunteers - What type of trained they received - Leadership - Why did the director leave? - For nine months, no program director. - New program director did not get along with the volunteers (what type of leadership style he or she have) - All volunteers resigned without warning. Business environments these days make it vital for organisations to have a competent manager and leader, who knows his own responsibilities; but can also guide and direct others in their work areas. Companies select leaders who can use their leadership techniques to modify their company into a secure and profitable business. Effective leadership undoubtedly affects work motivation, as it can increase team morale and motivation and can also save a company time and money, increase work satisfaction and improve efficiency. Leadership is an essential factor for business success or failure. The role of the leader is to create a clear...
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...Learning contract report On Leadership and Ethics Compiled June 2015 by Rochak Bhatta Charles Stuart University Darlinghurst, Sydney. Table of content Headings Pages Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Leadership and ethics…………………………………………………………………………. 4 Transformational Leadership………………………………………………….. 5 Learning contract outcome…………………………………………………………………. 5 Critical self-reflection and analysis of the outcome…………………………….. 6 Knowledge………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Skills……………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Ability…………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Action Plan…………………………………………………………………………………………9 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………….10 References………………………………………………………………………………………….11 Introduction Leadership, Ethics, social responsibilities are some of the common terms widely used inside classrooms and boardrooms. But surprisingly very...
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...Entrepreneurial Leadership Aminata Soumano Bus 508 Contemporary Business July 21, 2011 Professor Christopher B. Mcgrath Strayer University Abstract The major reflections of excellence in entrepreneurial organizations focus primarily on the care of customers, constant innovation, committed people, and managerial leadership. Those entrepreneurial activities also lead to competitive advantage, wealth creation and success. Case, Kouzes , Drucker Entrepreneurs achieve desired levels of excellence in the development of their organizations through different strategies. Former AOL CEO, and chairman Steve Case describes his successful entrepreneurship in three different parts: people, passion, and perseverance. Case believes that if you put those three parts in the right balance everything is possible, and if you do not, nothing is possible. Today’s entrepreneurs must invest in people and ideas that can change the world. Innovation is a risk worth taking and everything people create take some time to realize. Focus on putting the right people around the right priority is a recipe for success. However, James Kouzes in his book “rising to the leadership challenge”, stated that Leadership is not about position, it is about motivating people in five different scales. The first level of motivation is being a role model and setting examples. Second, a leader should enable people to act. He should focus on what a team or an individual needs in order to function...
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...Lilian Shehayeb Leadership and Change Management Coursework 1 Instructed By Dr. Maya Azoury From reviewing the dictionary definitions, at first glance it may be seen that the two do not appear to be vastly different. Management is defined as: “The act or manner of managing, handling, direction, or control.” On the other hand, leadership is described by the dictionary as: “An act or instance of leading; guidance; direction.” According to Dr. John P. Kotter, both management and leadership skills are essential in order to be able to drive success in organizations, and one cannot function without the other. What he claimed summarizes the differences between the two, as Kotter saw it. Some of these areas can indeed be described as being “opposites” where others show more of a difference in emphasis between the two. Managers: - Seeks order and consistency - During planning and budgeting – establishes agendas, sets timetables and allocates resources. - With relation to staffing – provides structure, job placements and defines rules and processes. - Focuses on control and the solving of issues by taking actions to correct issues, creating solutions and defining incentives to reward good work. Leaders: - Seeks change and movement - Establishes a direction – looks at the big picture, clarifies the situation, creates a vision and determines strategies. - With relation to people – aligns people, communicates goals, builds teams, and looks for commitment. - Focuses...
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...SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE AND TRUE FALSE QUESTIONS (These are samples only and may not be the exact questions on the test) Chapter 12 Leadership Leadership is best defined as ________. A) the ability to merely project one's abilities in the lack of actual accomplishments B) the ability to reduce the dependence of team members on each other C) the ability to induce the team members to focus on individual goals rather than collective goals D) the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals E) the ability to use factors like training and experience to reduce dependence on formal leadership Trait theories of leadership focus on ________. A) the special relationship that leaders establish with a small group of their followers B) the personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from nonleaders C) the way the leader makes decisions D) the extent to which followers are willing and able to accomplish a specific task E) the match between the leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader control Which of the following Big Five personality traits has been identified as the most important trait in effective leaders? A) conscientiousness B) openness C) extraversion D) agreeableness E) emotional stability Emotional intelligence (EI) is critical to effective leadership because one of its core components is ________, which reflects the consideration that leaders must be able to express. A) conscientiousness ...
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...within are environment. This paper will discuss my personality characteristics and traits and how those characteristics are manifested in my organization. This paper will also explore the development of my personality characteristics and discuss the results of my week one Self-Assessment and the Johari Window, as well the Quick Enneagram Sorting Test (QUEST). The results from these assessments have allowed me to focus in on my leadership style a how I can become a more effective manager. Also I’ll focus on how those attributes have guided my relationships and career choices. Key Words: Characteristics, attributes, assessment, Big Five Personality Dimensions (BFPD), Extrovert, Johari Window Finding the Leader in You: Self-Assessment/ Johari Window In my effort to develop and explain the characteristics that comprise my personality, I determined that there are many personality traits that help to form my personality. In our class discussion, it was addressed how Schermerhorn, Osborn, Uhl-Bien and Hunter (2012) discussed the Big Five Personality Dimensions (BFPD) of Extraversion, Agreeable, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Openness to experience and how they affect our personality positively and negatively. My profile of characteristics include extraversion as the lead attribute that guides my personality. I’m an outgoing person with who is very sociable with the people around me. I fit well into many social settings because I do possess...
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...The biology of leadership The relation between leadership, psychopathy and hormones Master thesis Economics and Business 8th of August 2012 Name student: Ricardo Westendorp Student number: 294819rw Supervisor: Wouter van den Berg The biology of leadership PREFACE Around October, 2011, I started looking for a subject to graduate on, when a neuro-economical subject, involving the connection of leadership to psychopathy and hormones, crossed my path. I had to jump into it, because this subject matched the field I am interested in. Now, 8 months later, I present you my final work and I have enjoyed working on it. I have to be honest, this product would not have been able to be written if it wasn’t for the help of certain people. Therefore, I would like to use this section, to show my gratitude to some people, that helped me along the way. First of all, I thank the Erasmus School of Economics, for providing the financial support for this research. This research would definitely not have been possible, without the financial support of the ESE. Secondly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Wouter van den Berg, who has supported me, guided me and who has contributed intellectually. I would also like to thank Kashin Hau, who has made great contributions to the construction of the leadership questionnaire. Also, I would like to thank Sarstedt, who provided 500 saliva tubes. I am very thankful for the help of my parents. A great contribution has been made by my parents, Wim Westendorp...
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...1. Trait Leadership Trait leadership focuses on the leader and the traits he exhibits. Certain types of traits make leaders more effective. For example, the late Steve Jobs was known for his charisma. His ability to passionately articulate his visions made people want to follow his lead. Some other examples of traits that make an effective leader include intelligence, self-confidence, integrity and determination. Leadership candidates often take personality assessment tests to pinpoint their traits. Trait-Leadership Advantages The trait leadership approach embodies the idea that leaders are exceptional individuals who possess a combination of valuable traits. This fits in with society's idea that leaders are set apart from the rest of the group -- or leaders are born, not made. The role of personality traits in the leadership process has a large body of research -- more than a century -- to support it. No other leadership approach can make this claim of credibility. Also, the trait leadership approach serves as a benchmark for identifying suitable leaders. This approach makes personality assessments valuable for identifying a potential leader's strengths and weaknesses. It is also suitable for using with individuals and groups. Trait Leadership Disadvantages No definitive list of leadership traits exists. Due to the large body of research, countless traits are present. With so many traits, it's difficult to determine which traits make the most effective leader. Also, the...
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...INTRODUCTION “Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it” Dwight D Eisenhower Leadership is one of those things that are often awfully hard to define but you know when you see it, and you definitely know when it is missing. Leadership is a process that is ultimately concerned with fostering change. In contrast to the notion of management, which suggests preservation and maintenance, leadership implies a process where there is movement-from wherever we are now to some future place of condition that is different. Leadership is not something we do, it is something we are. Leadership also implies intentionality, in the sense that the implied change is not random-“change for change’s sake”- but is rather directed toward some future end or condition, which is inherently value-based. A traditional definition of leadership: Leadership is an interpersonal influence directed toward the achievement of a goal or goals. Three important parts of this definition are the terms interpersonal, influence, and goal. • Interpersonal means between persons. Thus, a leader has more than one person (group) to lead. • Influence is the power to affect others. • Goal is the end one strives to attain. Basically, this traditional definition of leadership says that a leader influences more than one person toward a goal. Consistent with the notion that leadership is concerned...
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...Overview of the Chapter Leadership is a key ingredient in effective management. When leaders are effective, their subordinates are highly motivated, committed, and high performing. When leaders are ineffective, chances are good that their subordinates do not perform to the level of their capabilities, lack motivation, and may be dissatisfied. This chapter describes what leadership is and examines major leadership models and theories that have been developed by various researchers. It also describes how managers engaging in transformational leadership can have a dramatic impact upon their organization and discusses the impact of gender on leadership. Learning Objectives 1. Describe what leadership is, when leaders are effective and ineffective, and the sources of power that enable managers to be effective leaders. 1. Identify the traits that show the strongest relationship to leadership, the behaviors leaders engage in, and the limitations of the trait and behavior models of leadership. 2. Explain how contingency models of leadership enhance our understanding of effective leadership and management in organization. 3. Describe what transformational leadership is, and explain how managers can engage in it. 4. Characterize the relationship between gender and leadership. MANAGEMENT SNAPSHOT: EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP STYLES FOR TOUGH TIMES: LESSONS FROM HOWARD SCHULTZ, RICHARD SCHULZE, DAVID FARR, AND LOU GERSTNER Each of these persons is a current or former chairman...
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...Leadership Theories and Change 1 Running Head: Leadership Theories and Change A Review of Leadership Theories and Possible Changes to Police Leadership Randy L. Conyers University of Central Florida Leadership Theories and Change 2 Abstract Throughout the history of law enforcement, leaders have used many different styles to lead employees. From the early styles of Autocratic and Laissez-Faire to Participative (democratic), Transactional and Transformational leadership. Leadership within policing has evolved over the years in some organizations to a more participative style and yet there are still leaders who cling to an antiquated domineering style. The purpose of this paper identified trait theories, leadership theories and change strategies that have molded or are molding the policing culture. Change must occur if the culture of police organizations are going to meet the demands of the 21st century and several issues affecting this change were discussed. An in-depth review of the transactional and transformational styles of leadership was seen as being the styles that a leader in the 21st century would want to use to meet the needs of their employees and motivate them toward success and self-actualization. Although no empirical research is completed in this paper, the literature reviewed and previous research indicate that the transformational style of leadership augments the transactional...
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