...Instructions on replacing motherboard If you are replacing the motherboard with the same model, you should not have to reload the chipset or have to re-install the operating system. This is not always the case but normally it is. If you have access to your personal data, you may want to back it up before replacing the motherboard just to be safe. If you are replacing the motherboard with a different model, then the chances are good that you will have to reload windows. You might be able to install just the chipset and be OK but if that doesn't work, then a re-install is needed. Below is instructions on replacing a motherboard. This is general instructions. Due to the numerous variations of computers, I am not able to go into detail but can give general instructions. For more specific instructions, consult the manufacturer of your computer. NOTE: Most if all cables and connections are easy to determine where they go. Most cables will only plug into one location only so there is no confusion where they plug in at. Also most connections are keyed so they will only go in one direction so you can't accidentally reverse them. However there are a few motherboards that uses cables that you may not be able to determine which one goes where. Before removing cables, check to see if there is more than one location that cable can plug into. You can also do the following to make sure you don't plug it in the wrong place. 1. Draw a diagram of the motherboard. 2. On the diagram...
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...Motherboard Replacement When replacing the Motherboard, the first step that needs to be done is to disconnect all connections between the motherboard and all other components in the computer case. It is a good idea to ground yourself to avoid electrical shock; this can also be accomplished by touching the metal edge of the computer case, antistatic wrist strap, and antistatic floor mat. Once properly grounded, we can begin removal of the motherboard by disconnecting the power, and removing data cables from the hard drive. The second step is to extract all of the PCI adapters and the video card. Keep in mind that each of the adapters attached to the motherboard are secured by a single screw on the back rail of the case. Place these screws in a container to prevent loss of the screws. Handle the adapters by the metal brackets while removing them. Now it is time to begin removing the data cables. While using both hands to disconnect the data cables, hold it as close to the connector as possible while removing it to reduce likelihood of damage to the ribbon cable. Some cables have a pull loop or tab to ease in cable removal. If so, use them to help remove the data cable with ease. The last set of connectors that have to be removed are the front panel leads, which attach to the motherboard. This includes LED’s, case speaker, and the power switch. These connectors are fairly easy to remove for the most part. Once all of the connectors have been disconnected and all the...
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...Computer Maintenance and Training Manual Table of Contents Computer Safety3 Environmental Concerns3 Power Protection4 Dust, Static, and Heat issues 5 Downloading Unauthorized Software7 Maintenance and cleaning9 Tower9 Monitor/Display6 Keyboard6 Mouse6 Internal hardware installation9 Motherboard9 Power Supply6 Processor6 Memory6 Hard Drives6 Basic principles for supporting I/O devices9 I/O Device 19 I/O Device 26 I/O Device 36 Multimedia and Mass Storage Devices9 Installing a Video Card9 Installing a DVD Drive6 Computer Safety Environmental Concerns: Electronic equipment and gadgets are on the rise and are also one of the fastest growing waste around the world. It is estimated that American’s dispose of 12 million to 14 million computers each year. Most electronics become obsolete within a time span of 1 to 3 years. Electronic waste contains very dangerous materials such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic, just to name a few. The toxins in electronic waste” can cause cancer, reproductive disorders, endocrine disruption, and many other health problems if this waste stream is not properly managed.” (The E-Waste Crisis Introduction, 2010). Today, we are all becoming more aware of our carbon footprints and are trying to reduce them. It is important that we follow all the proper procedure when disposing of electronic waste. One of the most popular methods is recycling all computer parts. Most computer hardware can be reused in some way...
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...Wireless Devices, larger Hard Drive, and a new Optical drive. This paper will discuss the prices and benefits of performing these upgrades. Keywords: Motherboard, CPU, RAM, PCI, SATA, technician, wireless keyboard, wireless mouse, USB, Hard Drive, Optical Drive, DVD, Blu-Ray, HDMI, 1080p video. Upgrading a PC As technology changes, so does the needs of the average PC user. When technology outpaces the capabilities of your PC, many people choose to upgrade their device instead of purchasing a completely new system which sometimes happens after a couple of months. There are several ways to upgrade a PC to keep it up to date with the emerging technology. When the motherboard and CPU are relatively newer, they are often capable of keeping up with the newest demands placed on them, however other components could benefit from an upgrade to improve performance and stability. Some of the most common upgrades include new or additional RAM, wireless devices such as a keyboard and mouse, larger and/or faster hard drive, and a new optical drive that is capable of handling the demands of new video and storage capabilities. Upgrading RAM is probably the single best option for improving speed and performance of a system. When it comes to upgrading RAM there are a few things to keep in mind such as the capabilities of the current motherboard and the type of RAM that it takes and the maximum amount it can handle. According to PCWorld.com, “Over the years, operating systems like Windows...
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............................................ 3 D. Downloading unauthorized software............................................. 3 2 Maintenance and cleaning.................................................................... 4 A. Tower............................................................................................. 4 B. Monitor........................................................................................... 4 C. Keyboard........................................................................................ 4 D. Mouse............................................................................................. 5 3 Internal hardware installation and maintenance.................................... .6 A. Replacing a Motherboard.................................................................6 B. Power Supply...................................................................................7 C. CPU and Memory replacement........................................................9 D. Hard Drive Replacement................................................................ 12 4 Multimedia and mass storage devices.................................................. 13 A. Installing a video card.................................................................... 13 B. Installing a DVD drive................................................................... 14 SAFETY Technical Description of the Environmental Concerns Computer hardware...
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...who has even a little knowledge about computers can easily open up your laptop or desktop and take out your hard drive. Hooked up to another computer, it would be very easy for them to scan it for personal information. t’s odd to think about replacing a motherboard, because I have actually considered this on personal computers I have owned in the past. But when I talk with some friends who are not as comfortable with changing out hardware, they often times feel so lost because they are not really sure what to look for when purchasing components, such as a motherboard. I think the first thing you need to decide on when shopping for a motherboard, is what is it going to be used for? Are you using your computer for just checking emails and Facebook? Or will you be doing some heavy processing, such as gaming or video editing? I would assume that someone who is actually shopping for a motherboard is doing so because they want to upgrade their computer. So it’s probably a safe bet to assume they will want one capable of supporting heaving processing. I think one of the most important things you can look at when shopping for a new motherboard, is to ensure you are looking at a motherboard that is going to be able to support your chipset. Something as simple as that would put a huge...
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...temporarily borrowed when creating 3D textures. This is a very important message, once the Pro AGP has been removed cover the extension with a sticker to prevent damge. The PCI Express slots began to replace both PCI and AGP slots in the new system, this started in 2005. PCI express has four types of slots: x1, x4, x8, x16. The most common version includes x1, x4, and x16. The PCIe sends information serially over on or more lanes. A lane is a group of signal paths that can collect and receive data. Full Duplex is when data is received and send at the same time. The max MBps is 8,000 for a PCIe x16. Some motherboards have two specialized slots in addition to the standard PCI and PCIe. The audio modem riser also know as AMR enables a place to design a connector between the modem and audio. AMR are found in a older system with a chipset that intergrates software modems and audio fucntion. The AMR was replaced by the communications network riser also known for CNR it...
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...heat sink. * Verify that the heatsink is firmly attached to the CPU. * Verify that the CPU is properly seated in its socket. * Verify that system case fans are working and that the case and expansion slots are in place. * If the CPU is an older Pentium without a heat sink or fan, add one. * If the computer is not overheating, but has this symptom, the problem could be the clock jumpers on the motherboard or system timers (in BIOS) are set incorrectly for the processor. * PC sounds a POST beep code indicating a CPU fault upon boot-up: * Verify that the CPU is receiving sufficient power by checking the power outputs. * If these are good, replace the CPU. * If the fault remains, the problem is with the motherboard. * PC crashes on startup or when running a software application or certain group of applications: * Run repetitive test using diagnostic software. * After replacing a seemingly faulty CPU and the symptom remains, run similar tests on the motherboard and chipset. * Do not forget to check for a corrupt file in the software. If the computer boots, but the processor is running at less than its rated speed, check for...
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...Computer Maintenance and Training Manual Table of content Chapter 1 Safety Environmental concerns Power Protection Dust, static, and heat issues Downloading unauthorized software Chapter 2 Maintenance and Cleaning Tower Monitor Keyboard Mouse Chapter 3 Internal hardware installation Motherboard Power Supply Processor Memory Hard Drives Chapter 4 Basic Principles for supporting I/O Devices and Multimedia and Mass Storage Devices Installing a Video Card Installing a DVD Drive Chapter 1 Safety * Environmental Concerns There are many methods that can be used to dispose of obsolete computer equipment. These include employee giveaways, donations to charity, and in some cases, an execution of the old mainframe. Most all old computers are considered toxic waste and must be disposed of properly. When it comes to household computer monitors they are usually not considered hazardous waste and are not included under federal regulations, however if you wish to disposed of one, you may want to make sure that the hard drive has been cleaned. Now for the heart of this issue. Since old computers are considered toxic waste, the main way that most businesses handle obsolete computers is to let a recycling company handle the dirty work. These companies are regulated by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency, but you have to use caution to make sure that the company that you choose to use is regulated. So it pays to do your research, and it is well worth...
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...for Basic Input Output System. In a nutshell, BIOS is software that interacts between a computer’s hardware and the operating system and software applications. There are several types of BIOS', ranging from the motherboard ROM BIOS to adapter BIOS' such as video BIOS, drive controller BIOS, network adapter BIOS, SCSI adapter BIOS, etc... These BIOS' are the lowest level of software in a computer providing a set of small programs or software routines that allow the hardware of a computer to interact with the operating system by a set standard. The Boot Process To get to the operating system, a computer must first boot from the BIOS. The BIOS performs a number of tasks when a computer is started. From initializing the microprocessor to initializing and testing hardware to starting the operating system. Starting a computer is not a simple task. It's a methodical process that is performed every time power is applied to a computer. This process will vary with different computers and different BIOS', but the overall goal is the same. When you first turn on a computer the very first operation performed by the CPU is to read the address space at FFFF:0000h. This address space is only 16 bytes, which is not nearly enough space to house the BIOS found on a motherboard. Instead, this location contains a special instruction called a jump command (JMP) that tells the processor where to go to find and read the actual BIOS into memory. This process of reading the jump instruction...
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...second and measured in Hertz (Hz). f. Clock Speed: it’s the same as Clock Rate. g. System Bus Speed: It’s the base clock speed of the motherboard; also known motherboard clock speed is generated by a quartz oscillating crystal soldered in it. h. External Clock Speed: This is the speed of the front side bus (FSB) which connects the CPU to the memory controller HUB (Northbridge) on the motherboard. 4. Hyperthreating (HT Technology): It’s a technology developed by Intel for processing two executions threads within a single processor. 5. Processor Throttling: By slowing down or throttling the processor’s clock speed processor when the workload is light, the processor runs cooler, the system uses less energy and enjoys a longer battery life. Also known a thermal throttling, when a processor gets too hot for the computer’s cooling system to work properly. Intel uses the term “SpeedStep or Enhanced SpeedStep” and AMD the term “Cool’n’Quiet”. 6. Overclocking a CPU refers to the practice of running a processor or other components at speed higher than normal. Some of the processor INTEL or AMD feature unlocked clock multipliers the user cannot use the overclocking the system. In case you can use on processor and other components run hotter than normal, so techniques such as additional cooling fans, replacing standard active heat sinks with models feature greater cooling, and adjusting processor voltages help to maintain system stability at faster speeds...
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...utilized to guarantee that hardware compatibility standard is met between appliances of the same form factor regardless of their varying designers. Hence form factor typically involves describing overall system set-up, including size, shape, case and power supply, alongside its physical layout. b) Describe 3 motherboard form factors (4mks) 1. AT and Baby AT (Advanced Technology) Advanced Technology (AT) and Baby AT served as the most popular motherboard form factors throughout the initial stages of computer development. The two designs vary mainly in width, with the original version measuring up to twelve inches wide. Apart from making it incompatible with smaller systems, the size made it to overlap against the drive bays, and thus rendering tasks such as troubleshooting, installation and upgrading more challenging (Wilson 1). The Baby AT motherboard version exhibits width of 8.5 inches and a 13 inches length, with the adjustments meant to limit its incompatibility with drive bays. The version is unique due to its “single, full-sized keyboard connector,” serial as well as parallel port and pin connectors, which are all attached or situated within the motherboard, while the power supplies together with the...
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...Unit 1 History and Architecture Copyright © 2008 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. A Short History of the Computer 2 Objective • Describe some of the earliest forms of computers. 3 The Abacus 4 Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine 5 The Hollerith Machine 6 First Electronic Digital Computer 7 ENIAC 8 Colossus 9 • Describe some of the earliest forms of computers. 10 The Emergence of the Personal Computer 11 Objective • Discuss the transition of influence in the development of the personal computer. 12 Prior to the Personal Computer • Computers were very large. • Computers were very expensive. • Computers were quite rare. 13 History of the PC • Before the IBM PC – 1975 to 1981 • The IBM PC – 1981 • The IBM XT – 1983 • The IBM AT – 1984 • The IBM PS/2 – 1987 • Waning of IBM as the pace setter – 1987 to present 14 The First PC • Generally considered the MITS Altair • Introduced in January 1975 • Based on the 8080 Intel Processor • Sold for $395 in kit form 15 Before the IBM PC, personal computers used: • A variety of microprocessors • Many different architectures • A variety of operating systems 16 The IBM PC • Introduced on August 12, 1981 • Used the Intel 8088 microprocessor • Operated at 4.77 MHz • No hard drive • One or two single-sided floppy drives • Used MS-DOS 1.0 • Introduced the 8-bit ISA bus 17 The IBM PC brought standardization • Intel Microprocessors...
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...why is all data stored in a computer in binary form? Computers are only able to read and store data in binary form, 1 or 0, on or off, yes or no, voltage or none. Binary is the simplest way to manage information. 2. What are the four primary functions of hardware? input, output, PROCESS, and Storage 3. What are the two main input devices and two main output devices? the mouse, keyboard, printer, and monitor. 4. What three things do electronic hardware devices need in order to function? power, ground return, and load. 5. How many bits are in a byte? There are eight bits in a byte. 6. What is the purpose of an expansion slot on a motherboard? Expansion slots on a motherboard are designed to accept peripheral cards that add functionality to a computer system, such as a video or a sound card. 7. Which component on the motherboard is used primarily for processing? The CPU 8. Name the two main CPU manufacturers. Intel and AMD 9. Order the following ports according to speed, placing the fastest port first: FireWire, eSATA, USB. eSATA is faster than FireWire and firewire is faster than USB. 10. What are two other names for the system bus? The PCI bus, and the PCI express bus 11. What type of output does an S/PDIF port provide? Digital output 12. Why is an SSD hard drive more reliable under rugged conditions than an IDE hard drive? SSD hard drives have no moving parts that can disintegrate under rugged conditions. Because SDD drives have...
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... Appendix F - Central Processing Unit Worksheet The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is one of the most important parts of a computer system. It has a huge impact on the overall performance of any computer. If you have the opportunity, it is better to select the CPU before selecting the motherboard. Existing motherboards limit your choice of CPUs, forcing you to fit the CPU to the motherboard. If the performance of the computer is crucial to the successful completion of a task, then choosing the CPU first is especially important; for example, if you are working on a computer that will be used for high-end graphics, the CPU’s speed needs to be greater than that used in a computer for general business applications. Research is important in determining the best CPU for your money. This can be done by checking your choices of CPUs against industry benchmarks. Activity: CPU Product Search Your employer has asked you to purchase and install faster CPUs into several of the company’s aging computers; however, you’ve only been given $180.00 per computer to work with. Using the computer featured in the Computer Hardware Simulator (CHS) as the one to upgrade, using the CHS motherboard to work with, search the Internet for two different CPUs that are compatible with the computer and enter information for each CPU into the chart below. Then choose which CPU and accompanying fan, if necessary, you would purchase and explain your decision. Computer Hardware Simulator: https://ecampus...
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