...Functions of Reproductive System ❑ Procreate species ❑ Manufacture important hormones ❑ Pleasure Stages of Life ← Embryologically, males and females start out “sexually indifferent” ← Gonads, ducts and externally identical structures ← At 5 weeks gestation changes start to take place ← Puberty: reproductive organs grow to adult size and reproduction becomes possible ← Between 10 and 15 ← Influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones ← Testosterone in males ← Estrogen in females I. Male Reproductive System: Structure ← Scrotum ← Function: Protects the testes, epididymis, and spermatic cord ← Holds testes away from body ← Temperature: 1° below body temperature ← Lined with serous membrane that secrets fluid ← Testes move freely ← Penis ← Function ← Deliver sperms to female ← Urination ← Shaft ← Erectile tissues surround urethra ← Glans ← Cone-shaped structure on end of penis ← Prepuce (foreskin) ← Skin covering in uncircumcised males ← Epididymis ← Sits on top of each testis ← Receives spermatids from seminiferous tubules ← Spermatids become sperm cells ← Vas deferens ← Tube connected...
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...REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS ➢ The major function of the reproductive system is to make sure that the human species survives. ➢ It is not necessary for every human being to produce children, but in order to continue our human species, at least some people have to have children. ➢ The four main functions of the human reproductive system are: • To produce egg and sperm cells, • To transport and sustain these cells, • To nurture the developing offspring, and • To produce hormones. MAJOR ORGANS ➢ In the human reproductive system, the major organs include the external genitalia and many internal organs including gonads producing gametes and hormones. ➢ These hormones are needed in the maturing of the human reproductive system, the development of sexual characteristics, and the importance in regulating the normal physiology of the human reproductive system. ➢ In the males, the major organ of the reproductive system is the penis, and in the females it is the vagina. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Female External Reproductive Organs A female's external part of the reproductive organs is called the vulva, meaning “covering.” The vulva is located between the legs and covers the opening to the vagina and other reproductive organs located inside the body. Female Internal Reproductive Organs The female has four internal reproductive organs: • the vagina, • uterus, • fallopian...
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...The reproductive system or genital system is a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of differentiated species often have significant differences. These differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness of the offspring. The major organs of the reproductive system includes, the external genitalia as well as a number of internal organs including the gamete producing gonads . Diseases of the human reproductive system are very common and widespread, particularly communicable sexually transmitted diseases. Most other vertebrate animals have generally similar reproductive systems consisting of gonads, ducts, and openings. However, there is a great diversity of physical adaptations as well as reproductive strategies in every group of vertebrates. Human reproductive system Human reproduction takes place as internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. During this process, the erect penis of the male is inserted into the female's vagina until the male ejaculates semen, which contains sperm, into the female's vagina. The sperm then travels through the vagina and cervix into the uterus or fallopian tubes for fertilization of the ovum. Upon successful fertilization and implantation...
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...Human Reproductive System Medical Administrative Assistant Module C Sary Metellus Content 01. Reproduction 02. Female Reproduction What it Does Good and Bad 03. Male Reproduction What it Does Good and Bad 04. Fertilization 05. References Human Reproduction System Hi, my name is Sary Metellus and I am doing an essay on the Human Reproductive System, Male and Female. “All living things reproduce.” (Steven Dowshen, Femal Reproductive System, 2010) That’s a pretty interesting saying. Both male and female reproductions are very important to produce a new individual – a child, baby. Now I’m writing about the female system like the organs unlike the males which are hung out, the females are inside the body. The female’s internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina is the inside the body which is connected to the vulva and that is the outside covering. It’s a muscular hollow tube, which connects the opening to the uterus. It’s muscular so it can contract and expand, which helps with delivering a baby or using a tampon. The cervix is the neck, which has strong thick walls, and it is the opening to the uterus. The uterus is shaped like an upside-down pear and is very strong, it is the part where it will hold the baby and grow the baby in it. The uterus is connected to the fallopian tube which connects to the ovaries. There are two oval-shaped ovaries, one on each side of the...
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...The Female Reproductive System Human reproduction, always an object of the most intense interest, has lately become the darling of the media, the subject of innumerable television talk shows, magazine articles, and newspaper editorials. With each new medical breakthrough in fertility and family planning, the noise level grows higher. From elementary school onward we're now deluged with information, some factual, some not on menstruation and menopause, conception and contraception. Sorting it all out may seem impossible. But a reasonable understanding of the basics of reproduction can make the job easy. As you weigh your options, whether to encourage pregnancy or forestall it, your best resource is a working knowledge of the organs, glands, and hormones that prepare your body for motherhood. The reproductive system begins at the external genital area or vulva, which runs from the pubic area downward to the rectum. Two folds of fatty, fleshy tissue surround the entrance to the vagina and the urinary opening: the labia majora, or outer folds, and the labia minora, or inner folds, located under the labia majora (Thibodeau and Patton, 2008.) The clitoris, is a relatively short organ (less than one inch long), shielded by a hood of flesh (Reproductive System, 2009.) When stimulated sexually, the clitoris can become erect like a man's penis. The hymen, a thin membrane protecting the entrance of the vagina, stretches when you insert a tampon or have intercourse. From this point onward...
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...The human reproductive system provides many functions for both the male and female person. It is involved in hormone production, and the creation of human life. The reproductive system works together with other organs in the body to help with the regulation of hormone secretion, the secondary sexual characteristics and the ability to become pregnant. Along with the normal physiological changes that occur with puberty, pregnancy and sexual maturation, the reproductive system is prone to many different types of infections. Infections such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV, syphilis and many others can affect the reproductive system in a negative way and cause irreversible damage. The anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system, both male and female, will be reviewed. Also it will discuss syphilis, its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, prevention and the nursing interventions. It will discuss how syphilis affects the reproductive system and other parts of the body if not treated. The female reproductive system consists of internal and external genitalia. The external genitalia are located at the base of the pelvis in the perineal area and include the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris and perineal body (Porth & Matfin, 2009). The mons pubis is a skin covered fat pad located anteriorly to the symphysis pubis. The labia majora are the outermost lips of the vulva, during puberty they are covered with hair. The labia minora are located between the labia majora...
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...early in fetal development * Testosterone is related to aggression in animals Female Reproduction * Ovary * 2 ovaries, one on either side of the uterus * Follicle= egg + granulosa cell (follicle cell) * Granulosa cells make hormones estrogen and progesterone * Figure 46.12 * When a female is born all of her eggs are arrested in prophase of meiosis 1 * Every month about 13 eggs begin to continue meiosis . * When the egg is ovulated it goes all the way to metaphase 2 then stops * Break down of cyclin allows meiosis to complete * Uterus * Lining is called endometrium * Functional layer: layer that comes of during menstruation * Vagina * Opening to female reproductive tract * Clitoris * Has spongy tissue that fills with blod during arousal * Menstrual cycle...
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...The male and female reproductive systems become active after puberty. The male system starts with the creation of sperm in the testicles. Sperm carries the chromosomes that make up half of the genetics of the embryo created. The male body creates an endless supply of sperm that will travel from the testicles through the vas deferens to the penis where it is then ejaculated into the female reproductive system. This is the end of the male involvement with reproduction. The female body starts the reproductive cycle at puberty. This is at different ages but usually falls between 10-13 years of age. Females are born with a limited number of eggs to use for reproduction. These eggs are released from the ovaries on 28 day cycles called the menstration cycle. At the beginning of this cycle ovulation occurs and the egg goes through the fallopian tubes. This is the best time for the egg and sperm to meet to create an embryo. When an egg is released and meets up with the sperm the embryo attached to the inside lining of the uterus where it stays until birth. Pregnancy is determined based on the amount of progesterone hormone in the female body. This hormone continues throughout pregnancy. During pregnancy, the baby receives nutrition through the umbilical cord and placenta. The female body stretches and adjusts to make room for the growing baby. The first 3 months is when the baby develops a heartbeat, brain and spinal cord. Then in the next 3 months it develops more details like...
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...ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The female reproductive system consists of external and internal structures. Other anatomic structures that affect the female re- productive system include the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of the endocrine system. External Genitalia The external genitalia (the vulva) include two thick folds of tissue called the labia majora and two smaller lips of delicate tissue called the labia minora, which lie within the labia majora. The upper por- tions of the labia minora unite, forming a partial covering for the clitoris, a highly sensitive organ composed of erectile tissue. Be- tween the labia minora, below and posterior to the clitoris, is the urinary meatus. This is the external opening of the female urethra and is about 3 cm (1.5 inches) long. Below this orifice is a larger opening, the vaginal orifice or introitus . On each side of the vaginal orifice is a vestibular (Bartholin’s) gland, a bean-sized structure that empties its mucous secretion through a small duct. The opening of the duct lies within the labia minora, external to the hymen. The area between the vagina and rectum is called the perineum. Internal Reproductive Structures The internal structures consist of the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian or uterine tubes VAGINA The vagina, a canal lined with mucous membrane, is 7.5 to 10 cm (3 to 4 inches) long and extends upward and backward from the vulva to the cervix. Anterior to it are the bladder...
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...The System at a Glance The human reproductive system is one of the most important systems in the body. Without this system humanity could not continue to function because humans would no longer be able to repopulate the earth and would soon go extinct. The system though, differs between the genders of male and female by having different organs, differing in the number of organs, and having different functions. These two different system setups work hand in hand to breed new life and like all other systems over time they begin to fail, have their own genetic issues, and can be damaged in various ways throughout the lifespan of a human. 1. The Male Reproductive System So let's begin by talking about the male reproductive system. This...
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...Human Biology BIOL-120 Lecture 13 The Reproductive Systems Excretory System PAGE 1 OF 5 I. The urinary system functions to control water & minerals and remove wastes (urea mainly) from the blood II. The kidneys are the major organ of excretory system A. Ureters lead from kidney to bladder B. Urethra leads from bladder to outside of body a. Exist internal and external urethral sphincters C. In females, urinary and reproductive systems separate with urethra passing to surface between the clitoris and the vaginal opening in the vulva D. In males, both urine and semen pass out the urethra from the penis a. During sexual arousal, internal sphincter closes to prevent urine from flowing into urethra during sexual intercourse III. The excretory and genital organs are collectively called the urogenital system CHAPTER 16 16.1 Male reproductive system I.Since chance of one sperm fertilizing an egg is very slim, strategy is to deliver large number of sperm at one time II.Exist several reproductive organs although only the penis and scrotum are visible III.Testes is site where sperm made A.Differentiate from tissue that become abdominal wall B.Just before birth, testes drop into outpouching of skin & smooth muscle called the scrotum 1.Allows sperm to develop at a temperature a few degrees lower than body temperature – will regulate C.2 inches long but have 100 yards of seminiferous tubules (where sperm form) D.The many seminiferous tubules join into the epididymus 1.Epididymus located...
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...Death is Not Always the Measurement Why do we acclaim a person’s achievements only after the time of their lives? Why is it that the public only opens its eyes to the greatness of a person and his/her achievements after the time of his/her brief existence? Well, I can guess that it is a part of the irony of life as it is evident not only in our nation but in the whole civilization itself. It has become, what it seems to be, a Custom. Whereas a custom based on the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, a Habitual Action and a common practice among people. Late have we appreciated the importance of the person we have lost. And that is NOT however a good indication of a genuine condolence and appreciation of a man’s life. First of all, we are beginning to create a high standard in order for one to achieve recognition. Through these evident ironies of “reliving the lives of those who lost their lives” we are forming a new perspective among all, that for you to become someone we can pattern our lives with, you must first die and lose your life. That for us to be proud of having you in our same country, you must meet your final destination first. I have here a concrete example of what I am exactly talking about. The untimely death of our former DILG officer Jesse Manalastas Robredo indeed shook not only the Bicol region but the entire nation itself. No one expected that a man of honor would reach his demise in the harsh conditions of the shores of Albay. “I lost a Brother” a statement uttered...
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...DHEA, anti-Müllerian hormone, activin, and inhibin. Spermatogenesis and ovulation in males and females, respectively, may be impaired by hypogonadism, which, depending on the degree of severity, may result in partial or complete infertility. Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Affected system 1.2 Primary or secondary 1.3 Congenital vs. acquired 1.4 Hormones vs. fertility 2 Symptoms 2.1 In both sexes 2.2 Exclusively in men 2.3 Exclusively in women 3 Diagnosis 3.1 In men 3.2 In women 4 Treatment 5 Testosterone and longevity 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Classification Main article: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism Main article: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Main article: Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Deficiency of sex hormones can result in defective primary or secondary sexual development, or withdrawal effects (e.g., premature menopause) in adults. Defective egg or sperm development results in infertility. The term hypogonadism is usually applied to permanent rather than transient or reversible defects, and usually implies deficiency of reproductive hormones, with or without fertility defects. The term is less commonly...
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...ANIMAL REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT Dr Ilma • The two earthworms in this picture are mating • Each worm produces both sperm and eggs, which will fertilize – And in a few weeks, new worms will hatch Asexual And Sexual Reproduction • Both occur in the animal kingdom • Asexual reproduction is the creation of new individuals – Whose genes all come from one parent • Sexual reproduction is the creation of offspring – By the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote Mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction • Many invertebrates reproduce asexually by fission – The separation of a parent into two or more individuals of approximately the same size Mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction • Budding – In which two new individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones • A two-step process – Fragmentation • The breaking of the body into several pieces, some or all of which develop into complete adults – Regeneration • Follows fragmentation • the regrowth of lost body parts • Some animals reproduce by parthenogenesis – A process in which an egg develops without being fertilized • Among vertebrates, several genera of fishes, amphibians, and lizards, including whiptail lizards – Reproduce exclusively by a complex form of parthenogenesis Ovary size (a) Both lizards in this photograph are C. uniparens females. The one on top is playing the role of a male. Every two or three weeks during the breeding season, individuals switch sex roles...
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...Before talking about public awareness campaign on ovarian cancer and how badly it is needed, let’s clarify what ovarian cancer is. As American Cancer Society explains “ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries that are reproductive glands found only in females (women). The ovaries produce eggs for reproduction. They are also the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is on each side of the uterus in the pelvis” ("What Is Ovarian Cancer?"). One should understand that there are several types of cancer that develop from cells of the ovary and are considered to be one disease process. According to the information, provided at medicinenet.com, usually, “tumors arise from the epithelium or lining cells of the ovary. These include epithelial ovarian (from the cells on the surface of the ovary), fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal (the lining inside the abdomen that coats many abdominal structures) cancer” ("Ovarian Cancer: Facts on Symptoms and Treatment"). Obviously, there are some risk factors to pay attention to and the list of symptoms that women can identify themselves. Speaking about the risk factors that influence on the development of ovarian cancer, women should take into consideration the following key factors: age and family history. The older a women get the higher the risk. Thus, women who are over the age of 50 are more susceptible to ovarian cancer and ovarian cancer more often occurs in women who have already gone through the menopause...
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