...2005, Aries Publishing Company, Thames, New Zealand. Article by: Dr Tom H Brown Deputy Director Department of Telematic Learning & Education Innovation University of Pretoria South Africa 0002 +27 12 420-3884 (Tel) +27 12 420-3828 (Fax) +27 82 908-3884 (Cell) eMail: tom.brown@up.ac.za Beyond constructivism: Exploring future learning paradigms Abstract Educational practice is continually subjected to renewal, due to developments in information and communication technology (ICT), the commercialisation and globalisation of education, social changes and the pursuit of quality. Of these, the impact of ICT and the new knowledge economy are the most significant. Changes in our educational practice lead, in turn, to changes in our approaches to teaching and learning. These changes also impact on our teaching and learning paradigms. Currently, as over the past few decades, we teach and learn in a constructivist learning paradigm. This article discusses past and present paradigm shifts in education and then explores possible future learning paradigms in the light of the knowledge explosion in the knowledge era that we are currently entering. 1. The impact of ICT on education The electronic information revolution currently experienced in the world can be compared to and reveals the same characteristics as the first information revolution started by Gutenberg’s printing press. This means that, just as present-day society accepts the printing industry as given and printed materials...
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...Paradigm Shift Problem Solving Theory Research Paper 1 October 2, 2014 What is a Paradigm Shift? A paradigm shift is defined as a “radical change in an underlying theory” (taketheleap.com). Thomas Kuhn in 1962 describes Paradigm shift as when new knowledge replaces old knowledge (www.taketheleap.com) In technology there has been a definite paradigm shift. Globally we use technology in our daily lives. The Paradigm shift in technology began at the creation of the PC, following internet. Technology impacts our personal, business, education and recreation. (www.taketheleap.com) Just think of the baby boomers and older adults. They have had to adjust to a huge paradigm shift in technology throughout their life time. Going from only having access to radio, to black and white TV, to Colored TV, now HD and 3D. To function in society it is almost impossible to do without some sort of technological device. Whether it be a tablet, laptop, PC or smartphone, we need them in our daily lives. This can be frustrating to the baby boomers. They have had to completely change the way they are able to get through their daily lives, banking, paying bills, email, social network media. To some it makes sense it is easier, everything is at your fingertips. Our children on the other hand have no idea what it is like not to have technology. When our children begin school and they are used to learning programs on computers, phones and tablets, now have to use a pencil and paper to apply their...
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...Achievements, Future Challenges HOSPITALITY: A SOCIAL LENS: CHALLENGING THE EXISTING ORDER Paul Lynch University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom paul.lynch@strath.ac.uk Alison Morrison University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom ABSTRACT This paper locates developments in hospitality research, notably relating to hospitality studies, in the context of Kuhn’s (1962) evolution of scientific theory. The paper highlights the development of the ‘hospitality lens’ by Lashley, Lynch and Morrison (2007) and suggests it can facilitate the study of hospitality in any social situation from a strengthened social scientific perspective. It is argued that the study of hospitality should be not just for understanding hospitality but also society itself. Such an approach is suggested as both logical and healthy for the subject development with adoption of more critical perspectives on hospitality. The considerable implications of adopting a ‘new’ hospitality research agenda are described with reference to the conceptualization of hospitality, the nature of research and the research community, subject implications including journal publication outlets, and the higher education context. Keywords: Hospitality lens; ‘new’ hospitality; subject development. INTRODUCTION This paper moves beyond any pre-occupation with the vocational roots of hospitality higher education debate as it is considered that that debate has had its day. Rather, the content is framed within the discourse commenced by Kuhn (1962) who argues...
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...GS1140 Problem Solving Theory Unit 1 Research Paper 1: Paradigm Shift Daniel Yerger Page 1 Robotics Technology The idea of robots came about in 1495 by Leonardo Di Vinci who designed the first humanoid robot. The first computer-controlled robotic arm was designed by George Devol and Joe Engleberger in 1954 this led to the development of the first industrial robot in 1961. In 1977 Star Wars the movie creates the strongest image for the human future with robots like R2D2 and C3PO in the 1960s it inspired a generation of researchers in the robotic technology field. In 1989 a walking robot name Genghis was developed by the mobile robots group at MIT and was known for the way it walks called the Genghis gait. It is predicted by the Japanese Mitsubishi research Institute that each household would on a robot by 2020. Robots are mechanical devices that does some type of work or has a purpose that people would normally do, some robots are totally controlled by an onboard computer system and sensors, and some robots are controlled by people. Cybernetics is also a type of robotic technology device that can replace limbs, some of these devices are controlled by the nerves of the limb that was severed in some way. In 20 years we should be able to replace limbs that will look part of the body and be controlled as if it was the original. Industrial robots are used in it in a vast number of factories the well-known ones are in the auto manufacturing industry. A lot of the products...
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...Running Head: CONTINUAL PARADIGM SHIFTS IN ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP Continual Paradigm Shifts in Entrepreneurial Leadership Barbara Gilley Professor Daniel Frost BUS508013VA016-1116-00: Strayer University July 17, 2011 CONTINUAL PARADIGM SHIFTS IN ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP Pg.2 ABSTRACT This paper will focus on Creating a hybrid theory/philosophy which combines the common elements found in the thinking of Case, Kouzes, and Drucker, including the new definition of entrepreneurial leadership presented in Understanding Entrepreneurial Leadership in today’s Dynamic Markets, and will describe what type of organization a transactional, transformational, and authentic leader would thrive in the most, as well as which type of leader would thrive the least, as well as, evaluating the resources and tools available through the Small Business Administration and SCORE, and determine which single resource or tool is most useful to the greatest number of businesses; a rationale will be explained. This paper will evaluate the resources and tools available through the Small Business Administration and SCORE, and determine which single resource or tool is most useful to the greatest number of businesses and a rationale will be explained; and this paper will create a list of leadership best practices that would apply to the greatest number of businesses both small and large, and a rationale will be explained. CONTINUAL PARADIGM SHIFTS IN ENTREPRENEURIAL...
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...purchasing and supply topics for research proposal Quality Management Quality Management. Search for White Papers and Other Software Related to Quality Management. In today’s global market, providing quality products and services is essential for any manufacturer’s continued growth—but maintaining a competitive edge is not always easy. For success, quality awareness must begin at the conception of the product and continue throughout the various stages of its development. To improve in this area, many manufacturers are now adopting the total quality management (TQM) approach. CASH MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROPOSAL SAMPLES: Quality Management Quality Management Source: 3i Infotech Document Type: White Paper Description: In today’s global market, providing quality products and services is essential for any manufacturer’s continued growth—but maintaining a competitive edge is not always easy. For success, quality awareness must begin at the conception of the product and continue throughout the various stages of its development. To improve in this area, many manufacturers are now adopting the total quality management 7/3/2007 1:15:00 PM Alfanar HR Management Alfanar IT, an information technology company operating in Saudi Arabia since 1995, introduces the alfanar human resources (HR) Management module for Microsoft Dynamics AX. This module enables the HR department staff, without any programming capability, to identify, capture, maintain, and adjust employee information required...
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...Companies and institutions are paying attention to this concept as a new opportunity of realizing profits. Traditionally, the finance paradigms relied heavily on understanding finance markets using the models that had agents who were rational. In the Scenario, rationality implied that when the companies received new information, they updated their agents believes as described by the Bayes law. Besides, with their beliefs, managers and agents made decisions that are acceptable because they are consistent with the Savage idea of Subjective Expected Utility. This traditional approach was viewed as successful if it received data backing. However, as markets became complicated, it became clear that basic acts involving the stock market, the average returns and peoples trading behaviours could not be comprehended in the traditional model. The behavioural finance is the new approach to the emerging financial markets as it addressed the challenges faced by the traditional paradigms. The basic argument of this paradigm is that some financial phenomena can be best can be best comprehended by the use of the models in which some agents do not have the full rational status. Furthermore, behavioural finance analyses the end results of relaxing one or both tenets that are applicable in individual’s rationality. This paper will be based on the research by Massey and Wu (2005), it will use their approaches in the insurance scenario where the two different Domains to imitate the...
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...link, the theories which explain it, and whether or not security underpins development. Before we begin however, it would be prudent to first, define the concepts of ‘security’ and ‘development’. From the obvious, national security dimension, to the more human-centred, holistic definitions, finding a simple definition for the concept of security is a complex task, due to the variety of ways in which it can be defined. For the purposes of this essay however, the definition provided by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as security being “the prevention of any threat to individual or national security irrespective of that threat being political or economic in its nature, as such threats would threaten the process of development”[1] would be an appropriate fit, as it incorporates both the traditional State-centric element, and also the more holistic, human security definition.. Traditionally, the definition of development has been one that has been predicated upon a mainly economic basis, with the World Bank terming it as the reduction of global poverty.[2] While on the other hand, the UN has defined development as being the process of creating “an enabling environment for people to live long, healthy and creative lives”[3] and it is this definition which shall be considered most appropriate. During the course of answering this question, I will firstly consider the...
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...2 Has today’s dominant marketing mix paradigm become a strait-jacket? A relationship building and management approach may be the answer. From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing Christian Grönroos approach to marketing which eventually has entered the marketing literature[2, 4-14]. A paradigm shift is clearly under way. In services marketing, especially in Europe and Australia but to some extent also in North America, and in industrial marketing, especially in Europe, this paradigm shift has already taken place. Books published on services marketing[15-17] and on industrial marketing[18-20] as well as major research reports published are based on the relationship marketing paradigm. A major shift in the perception of the fundamentals of marketing is taking place. The shift is so dramatic that it can, no doubt, be described as a paradigm shift[21]. Marketing researchers have been passionately convinced about the paradigmatic nature of marketing mix management and the Four P model[22]. To challenge marketing mix management as the basic foundation for all marketing thinking has been as heretic as it was for Copernicus to proclaim that the earth moved[23, 24]. The purpose of this report is to discuss the nature and consequences of the dominating marketing paradigm of today, marketing mix management of the managerial school (cf.[25] and how evolving trends in business and modern research into, for example, industrial marketing,...
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...Unit 1 Research Paper 1: Paradigm Shift Introduction In the past, virtual reality technology was thought of by many as a gimmick, and the hope for it to become a mainstream technology was discarded as products did not work as how the public envisioned. However, the proper technology is now available to make virtual reality just that: a reality. The entertainment industry is on the verge of a monumental paradigm shift that will completely transform the way these entertainment mediums are experienced. The typical experience of video games is one with a controller with joysticks that are used to control where the playable character is looking along with a monitor or television screen in front of the player. Today, this scenario is so typical that the detachment between the player and what is happening on the screen is something considered to be normal in the experience. In the next couple years however, this detachment will be largely erased as working virtual reality headsets become available to consumers across the world. Summary of Key Findings One notable product in the field of virtual reality technology is the Oculus Rift. What makes this product and others like it different from the virtual reality fad that permeated the entertainment industry a few decades ago? The Rift uses 360 degree low latency head tracking, an integral part of the complete virtual experience. In previous VR headsets, the latency, or delay, between a player’s head movement and the visual representation...
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...Rationalist vs. Behavioralist Paradigm Problems 1. During the last five years, your instructor has discussed the emerging field of behavioral finance with many colleagues. The most common reaction has been for those colleagues to smile and say, "Behavioral finance? That's an oxymoron." Oxymoron is defined as a combination of contradictory or incongruous words (e.g. cruel kindness). Explain this reaction using a) the concept of paradigm and b) attributes of the behavioral and rational paradigms. a) According to the concept of a paradigm, someone in finance would operate on a set of principles that their work is based upon. It is the method by which they analyze their data. Under this philosophy the statement is considered an oxymoron because under the colleagues point of view they view those that study finance one that does not act on behavior. They assume that anything that involves finance automatically dictates numbers and thinking ogically in steps. It is not until there is a shift in the paradigm and that they see it from a finance position do they see the possibility of a behavioral implications. b) According to the rational paradigm, one that is interested in finance is well educated, has some predisposition towards the acclimation of wealth and is focused on the market. By the definition this means that they are rational and not behavioral. 2. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions triggered diverse reactions. Most “hard” scientists shrugged...
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...Leadership and Distance Education in Higher Education: A US perspective Sonja A. Irlbeck University of Minnesota Abstract The premise of this article is that while in the US understanding is growing about the technologies and strategies needed for effective distance education in an online environment, leadership efforts remain weak. The article describes leadership for distance education, historical perspectives of leading distance education, and how the Internet has directly changed distance education efforts in US higher education institutions. The article concludes with an appraisal of how the approach of higher education leaders must change in order for distance education efforts to be successful. Keywords: change; distance education; higher education; Internet; leaders; leadership; technology; policy Leadership and Distance Education in Higher Education: A US perspective The worlds of work and education are changing, and leaders in today’s educational institutions need to determine how to effectively lead in the acquisition, development, and dissemination of information to tomorrow’s workers. Leadership is necessary to bring cohesion to the distance education arena within higher education. Drucker (1998) maintained that in the latter part of the last century, technology resulted in a transformation of the social structure. We saw the “rise and fall of the blue-collar worker” (p. 539), the rise of the industrial worker who gave way to the rise of the knowledge worker...
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...Paradigm Shift Unit 1 Research Paper GS 1140 5 January, 2014 Paradigm Shift INTRODUCTION Tablet computers are small, thin, and convenient computers that will fit in the palm of your hand. They can be used for games, news, or work. They vary in size from the smaller 7 inch to the larger 17 inch models. The definition of a tablet computer from the pc-mag website is a general-purpose computer contained in a single panel. Its distinguishing characteristic is the use of a touch screen as the input device. Modern tablets are operated by fingers, and a stylus is an option, whereas earlier tablets required a stylus. (pcmag, 2013) SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS One impact of tablet technology is the use in education. I feel that information from any school book, dictionary, or encyclopedia at your fingers is a useful tool to have in education. The bulkiness of school books is non-existent with a tablet computer. I think it can be used as a powerful learning tool in and out of the classroom. Another impact of tablet technology would be in the workplace. You could have access to spreadsheets or inventory results at the palm of your hand. Access to these things could make your job a lot easier and more productive. Stopping work to look up information on a desktop would be irrelevant with a tablet on your person. Looking up the information on the fly would be a great time saver. Tablet technology in the medical field is another great way to utilize tablet computers portability...
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...Yusong Zhu 2725450 Research Paper Memo 03/01/2015 My final research paper will be focusing on the impact of new technology on real estate. Technology has been a trending topic in all fields for decades, and I believe it also has a great influence on the real estate. * There is a battle raging in this information age: A standoff between professionals and their potential clients: Attorneys, doctors and realtors are fighting a new wave of information dissemination and peer-to-peer advice. * Tech is always sites as a bright spot in the United States economy: Hardware, software, mobile technologies, and social media, bio-tech, and e-commerce are all key new technologies booming indicators. Six of the top ten metros in the top office demand markets since 2010 are certainly quality as markets that have a strong tech component driving much of the growth. * Analyzing the relationship between some new technologies and real estate： Many may not believe there’s tight connection, the real estate industry is actually one of the most tech savvy industries around today. * Examples: The real estate profession is undergoing similar growing pains, a process in which consumers are redefining what they want and need out of an agent. Driverless cars: implications for the economy and the commercial real estate in the future 1. Market ready overview 2. Parking paradigm shift 3. Population shift * Overall: there is still a tremendous upside in the tech...
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...White Paper The Strategic Management of Projects The concept of Managing projects describes the organisation’s ability to select, nurture and deliver projects and programs effectively. The strategic capability to manage projects1 expands this general concept to include the direction of the organisation’s overall Project Delivery Capability (PDC) towards the achievement of its strategic objectives. The strategic management of projects includes all of the aspects of project delivery discussed in our white paper PDC Taxonomy2 (outlined below) focused on realising strategic value for the organisation. In many organisations, implementing an effective and rigorous PDC structure will require a major organisational change effort and will challenge existing cultures, particularly the tendency of executives to focus on project failure rather than organisational failure when their organisation fails to adequately support the management of its projects. 2 The PDC Architecture outlined in WP1074 – PDC Taxonomy 1 Strategic project management has many different terms for the same general set of management capabilities required to support the efficient delivery of the ‘right’ projects and programs. Some options include: - The Management of Projects: Prof. Peter Morris’ concept - Enterprize Project Management: tends to be used for the supporting software tools - Enterprise Project Governance: (used in a book by Paul Dinsmore & Luiz Rocha) focused on How to Manage Projects...
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