...the first accurate scientific paper about it was written in 1908 by Sir Archibald Garrod. Most people only think of humans in the case of albinism, but in reality, it affects humans as well as plants and animals. In plants, Albinism is the total or partial absence of chlorophyll. Because there is an inadequate amount of chlorophyll, photosynthesis is impaired. As a result, plants with albinism usually die at a young age. According to scientific authors Maya Kumari, Heather J. Clarke, Ian Small, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique, some environmental conditions like temperature, light, media composition, and culture conditions can play a role in determining the frequency of albino plant formation. Although environmental factors can sometimes play a role, genetic factors are the main determinants. Genetic studies in different crops show that it is a recessive trait governed by many loci. Because nuclear as well as chloroplast genomes affect albinism, incompatibilities between them is a likely cause of pigment defects in hybrid progenies (Kumari). In angiosperms large amounts of these incompatibilities are found. Unfortunately, there is no solution for albinism in plants. Although there is no solution, it has been defeated in some species through somatic hybridization and development of cybrids (Kumari). As in plants, albinism in animals, though rare, occurs when there no melanin produced. About one in ten thousand mammal births a year are albino. It is the most common in birds...
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...Pakistan Veterinary Journal ISSN: 0253-8318 (PRINT), 2074-7764 (ONLINE) Accessible at: www.pvj.com.pk RESEARCH ARTICLE Antidiarrheal Evaluation of Aqueous and Ethanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) in Albino Rats Ishaku L. Elisha, Micah S. Makoshi, Sunday Makama*, Christiana J. Dawurung, Nkechi V. Offiah§, Jurbe G. Gotep, Olusola O. Oladipo and David Shamaki National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B. 01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; §Also affiliated with School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago *Corresponding author: dluutsi@yahoo.com ARTICLE HISTORY Received: Revised: Accepted: April 05, 2012 May 24, 2012 July 04, 2012 ABSTRACT The stem bark of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of malaria, intestinal worms, diarrhea, dysentery and venereal diseases. Despite the claim as an effective antidiarrheal remedy in both humans and animals, there is scarcity of documented scientific information of specific in vivo antidiarrheal test using extracts of this plant. The number of wet feces and the distance travelled by activated charcoal meal in rats orally given 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg doses of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stem bark of K. senegalensis were evaluated in the castor oil induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility studies. The phytochemical constituents and acute toxicity test of the extracts...
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...primary health care needs (Farnsworth et al., 1985). To date, 25% of modern medicines are derived from plants that have been used by traditional medical practitioners (Cragg and Newman, 2005). It is a fact that traditional systems of medicine have become a topic of global importance. African countries are at a stage where traditional medicine is considered more for its capacity to generate other medicine than for its own sake. In many cases research undertakings and the commercial use stemming from that research have always relied on information provided by the local communities and, in many instances, have hardly benefited from the research results (Rukangira, 2004) . In Africa, traditional healers and remedies made from plants play an important role in the health of millions of people. (Rukangira, 2004). Typically, studies on the medicinal plants such as Alstonia boonei have focused on the bioactivity of its chemical constituents, ethnobotany, pharmacology, and taxonomy. However, a comprehensive or systematic review on the plant is lacking. Furthermore, in much of the older literature concerning West Africa, the name Alstonia congensis has been erroneously used for Alstonia boonei. Consequently, this paper examined the effect of aqueous bark extracts of Alstonia boonei on the haematological parameters of male wistar abino rats. 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.2.1 Classification Alstonia comprises about 40 species and has a pantropical distribution. There are about twelve species of the...
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...answers/corrections. ·Check that the text is complete and that all figures, tables and their legends are included. Also check the accuracy of special characters, equations, and additional files if applicable. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship are not allowed without the approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact us for futher advice. · If we do not receive your corrections within 48 hours, we will send you a reminder. · The final versions of your article will be published around one week after receipt of your corrected proofs. Jaworek et al. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2012, 7:44 http://www.ojrd.com/content/7/1/44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RESEARCH Open Access Molecular genetic studies and delineation of the oculocutaneous albinism phenotype in the Pakistani population Thomas J Jaworek1, Tasleem Kausar2, Shannon M Bell1, Nabeela Tariq2, Muhammad Imran Maqsood2, Asma Sohail2, Muhmmmad Ali2, Furhan Iqbal2, Shafqat Rasool3, Saima Riazuddin1,4,5,6, Rehan S Shaikh2,8* and Zubair M Ahmed1,2,4,5,6,7* 8 Abstract 9 Background: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is caused by a group of genetically heterogeneous inherited defects that result in the loss of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and hair. Mutations in the TYR,...
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...SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN POETRY A CRITICAL SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN POETRY: THE LANGUAGE OF CONFLICT AND COMMITMENT By Laura Holland, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University September 1987 MASTER OF Arts (1987) (English) McMASTER UNIVERSITY Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: A Critical Survey of Contemporary South African Poetry: The Language of Conflict and Commitment AUTHOR: Laura Linda Holland, B.A. (University of Alberta) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Alan Bishop NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 134 ii ABSTRACT The thes is concentrates on South African poetry from 1960 to the present. It closely examines a selection of poems by Breyten Breytenbach, Dennis Brutus, Pascal Gwala, Wopko Jensma, Oswald Mtshali, Arthur Nortje, Cosmo Pieterse, Sipho Sepamla, and Wally Serote, among others. The body of the thesis discusses these poets' contributions to poetry about prison, exile, and township life. The thesis focuses on the struggle between various polical, racial, and cultural groups for hegemony over South Africa's poetic development. Such issues as language, ideology, and censorship are explored insofar as they in! .luence t:ne content and structure of the poetry. This body of poems, sadly, is little studied in North America. The thesis presents an introduction to and a survey of the major tendencies in South African poetry and, in part, attempts...
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...Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 369204, 32 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369204 Review Article Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant Juliana Félix-Silva,1 Raquel Brandt Giordani,2 Arnóbio Antonio da Silva-Jr,1 Silvana Maria Zucolotto,2 and Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa1 1 Laborat´rio de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacˆutica (TecBioFar), Programa de P´ s-graduacao em Ciˆncias o e o ¸˜ e Farmacˆuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, e Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o 2 Laborat´rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm´ cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), o a Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o Correspondence should be addressed to Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa; mpedrosa31@uol.com.br Received 24 February 2014; Revised 1 May 2014; Accepted 1 May 2014; Published 5 June 2014 Academic Editor: Shi-Biao Wu Copyright © 2014 Juliana F´lix-Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution e License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “bellyache bush,”...
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...COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF COCKROACHES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE NIGEIRA By IBRAHIM, Ismail A. 05/46KA046 SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE (B.SC) IN ZOOLOGY July 2014 DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to ALMIGHTY ALLAH TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page i Certification ii Dedication iii Acknowledgments iv Abstract vi Table of contents vii CHAPTER ONE 1. Background of the Study 1 2. Objective of the Study 2 3. Scope of the Study 3 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 1. Biology Of Cockroaches 5 2.2 Cockroaches in Rural and Urban Communities of Kwara State 10 2.3 Predisposing Factors for Cockroach Infestation 17 2.4 Public Health Implications of Cockroach Infestations 17 2.5 Controlling Cockroaches 18 CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. The Study Area 21 2. The Study Populations 22 3. Method Of Sample Collection 23 4. Method Of Sample Preservation 25 5. Data Collection Technique 25 6. Data Analysis Technique 26 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction 27 4.2 Results 28 4.3 Discussion of Results 44 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND...
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...Vol. 7(31), pp. 3078-3089, 21 August, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJBM12.1193 ISSN 1993-8233 © 2013 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM African Journal of Business Management Full Length Research Paper Social vices associated with the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in a Private Christian Mission University, Southern Nigeria. Omonijo, Dare Ojo1*, Nnedum, Obiajulu Anthony Ugochukwu2, Fadugba, Akinrole Olumuyiwa3, Uche, Onyekwere Chizaram Oliver4 and Biereenu-Nnabugwu, Makodi5 Department of Student Affairs, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023 Ota, Nigeria. Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025 Awka, Nigeria. 3 Department of Business Management, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023 Ota, Nigeria. 4 Department of Religion and Human Relations, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria. 5 Department of Political Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria. 2 1 Accepted 6 August, 2013 This study is designed to address social problems associated with Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) and implications they portend on studentship in a Private Christian Mission University, Southern Nigeria. It tries to find out how the engagement of ICT devices results in social vices on campus. Drawing from recorded data between 2006 and 2012 academic year, the study reported six ICT tools associated with eight social- ills. Relying on raw data of 900 students disciplined within this period, the study...
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...1970s From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Seventies" redirects here. For decades comprising years 70–79 of other centuries, see List of decades. From left, clockwise: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office after the Watergate scandal in 1974; Refugees aboard a US naval boat after the Fall of Saigon, leading to the end of the Vietnam War in 1975; The 1973 oil crisis put the nation of America in gridlock and caused economic damage throughout the developed world; Both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; The 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (which would become independent as Bangladesh in 1971) in November 1970; The Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousted Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi who was later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; The popularity of the disco music genre peaked during the middle to late 1970s. Millennium: | 2nd millennium | Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century | Decades: | 1940s 1950s 1960s – 1970s – 1980s 1990s 2000s | Years: | 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 | Categories: | Births – Deaths – ArchitectureEstablishments – Disestablishments | The 1970s, pronounced "the Nineteen Seventies", refers to a decade within the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1970, and...
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...critical theory today critical theory today A Us e r - F r i e n d l y G u i d e S E C O N D E D I T I O N L O I S T Y S O N New York London Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN © 2006 by Lois Tyson Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number‑10: 0‑415‑97410‑0 (Softcover) 0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑0‑415‑97410‑3 (Softcover) 978‑0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Tyson, Lois, 1950‑ Critical theory today : a user‑friendly guide / Lois Tyson.‑‑ 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0‑415‑97409‑7 (hb) ‑‑ ISBN 0‑415‑97410‑0 (pb) 1. Criticism...
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...Barack Obama Dreams from My Father “For we are strangers before them, and sojourners, as were all our fathers. 1 CHRONICLES 29:15 PREFACE TO THE 2004 EDITION A LMOST A DECADE HAS passed since this book was first published. As I mention in the original introduction, the opportunity to write the book came while I was in law school, the result of my election as the first African-American president of the Harvard Law Review. In the wake of some modest publicity, I received an advance from a publisher and went to work with the belief that the story of my family, and my efforts to understand that story, might speak in some way to the fissures of race that have characterized the American experience, as well as the fluid state of identitythe leaps through time, the collision of cultures-that mark our modern life. Like most first-time authors, I was filled with hope and despair upon the book’s publication-hope that the book might succeed beyond my youthful dreams, despair that I had failed to say anything worth saying. The reality fell somewhere in between. The reviews were mildly favorable. People actually showed up at the readings my publisher arranged. The sales were underwhelming. And, after a few months, I went on with the business of my life, certain that my career as an author would be short-lived, but glad to have survived the process with my dignity more or less intact. I had little time for reflection over the next ten years. I ran a voter registration project in...
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...onaryDictionary of Ònìchà Igbo 2nd edition of the Igbo dictionary, Kay Williamson, Ethiope Press, 1972. Kay Williamson (†) This version prepared and edited by Roger Blench Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail R.Blench@odi.org.uk http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm To whom all correspondence should be addressed. This printout: November 16, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations: ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Editor’s Preface............................................................................................................................................... 1 Editor’s note: The Echeruo (1997) and Igwe (1999) Igbo dictionaries ...................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Earlier lexicographical work on Igbo........................................................................................................ 4 2. The development of the present work ....................................................................................................... 6 3. Onitsha Igbo ...................................................................................................
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...EFSA Scientific Report (2009) 231, 1-107 SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF EFSA Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides 1 Report of the DATEX Working Group on β-casomorphins (Question N° EFSA-Q-2008-379) Issued on 29 January 2009 WORKING GROUP MEMBERS Ivano De Noni, Richard J. FitzGerald, Hannu J. T. Korhonen, Yves Le Roux, Chris T. Livesey, Inga Thorsdottir, Daniel Tomé, Renger Witkamp. 1 For citation purposes: Scientific Report of EFSA prepared by a DATEX Working Group on the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides. EFSA Scientific Report (2009) 231, 1-107 © European Food Safety Authority, 2009 Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides SUMMARY Proteins are a very diverse family of large organic compounds involved in many important biological processes. Following their enzymatic hydrolysis during food processing or digestion, proteins may release fragments from their primary amino acid sequence. These fragments are called peptides, and many of them are known to be physiologically active. The possible beneficial effects of bioactive peptides have attracted increasing interest in recent years. On the other hand, there are also reports suggesting that some food-derived peptides might adversely affect human health. Among these, β-casomorphin-7 (BCM7), a peptide sequence present in the milk protein β-casein, has been suggested to...
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...Chapter Overview 12.1 The Beginnings of Development What Is Development? Prenatal Development The Newborn CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.1 Before and Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Challenges to Piaget’s Stage Theory Social Development The Power of Touch Attachment Theory Disruption of Attachment Family Relationships Peers After Birth 12.2 Infancy and Childhood Physical Development Cognitive Development Piaget’s Stage Theory Sensorimotor Stage CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.2 Stages of Cognitive Development 12 Learning Objectives Development Throughout the Life Span 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Describe the development of the field and explain the prenatal and newborn stages of human development. Discuss physical development in infants and newborns. Examine Piaget’s stage theory in relation to early cognitive development. Illustrate the importance of attachment in psychosocial development. Discuss the impact of sexual development in adolescence and changes in moral reasoning in adolescents and young adults. Examine the life stages within Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Illustrate the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of aging. Describe the multiple influences of nature and nurture in human development. 12.3 Adolescence and Young Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Cognitive Development Social Development Continuity or Change Relationships Ages and...
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...CR TOPIC-WISE EXERCISES (700-800 LEVEL) 1 The 700-800 Club Critical Reasoning Critical Reasoning Topic 1: CONCLUSION 1. • • • • • 2. In the United States, about $5,200 per person per year is spent on health care, while in Britain the amount is about half that. A recent study indicated that middle-aged white Americans have a significantly higher rate of diabetes and heart disease than do middle-aged white Britons. Even after eliminating from the study the lifestyle differences of diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking, the data showed that the Americans have poorer health than their British counterparts. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions? Health care spending in the United States should be reduced by 50%. More expensive health care causes a higher incidence of certain diseases. The money spent on health care in the United States is not being used effectively. The average health care spending for middle-aged white Americans is probably less than the average health care spending for Americans in general. Something other than diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking must account for the difference in health for the two groups in the study. Spokesperson: In the 2006 election of the city mayor, 55% of the voters were female. All the voters were between ages 18 and 70 and 2/3 of them supported the incumbent mayor. The incumbent mayor won the election with a substantially greater number of votes than any other...
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