...Bryan Kimmell How do CFOs make capital budgeting and capital structure decisions? Introduction A comprehensive survey is gone that describes the current practice of corporate finance. The survey will give us a betting understanding of where the theory and practice of corporate finance are consistent and areas where they are not. The survey conducted is based on two parts, capital budgeting and capital structure. The survey goes deeper and tries to find out what causes capital budgeting and structure decisions in firms. The survey consists of 100 questions to explore capital budgeting and structure decisions in depth. The original sample for the survey was 4,440 firms but only 392 CFOs responded to the survey, making the response rate a dramatic 9%. The results of the survey were analyzed based on firm characteristics. The responses given by the executives are compared in relation to the firm size, P/E ratio, leverage, credit rating, dividend policy, industry, management ownership, CEO age, CEO tenure, and CEO educational attainment. Comparing the responses to all these variables gives the results a more meaningful explanation because it is able to test various finance theories. The responses to the capital budgeting portion of the survey follow academic advice and use present value techniques to evaluate new projects. But when it comes to capital structure, firms rely on practical, informal rules and pay less attention to academic advice. Survey Methodology Before the...
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...CHAPTER ONE Introduction Understanding and being able to use capital budgeting techniques and investment appraisal tools is usually a standard requirement for most business degrees. In addition learning such methods will also give one an advantage in a real business situation, in which there is the consideration of significant capital expenditure project. Capital budgeting assists management decisions making on the process of ensuring growth of the organization. The techniques are divided into two types: one, Traditional (non-discounting) that includes pay back method, accounting rate of return (ARR). Two, discounting cash flow that includes net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) Profitability Index (PI). Before an investment appraisal is conducted, there are a number of points to keep in mind. Whilst the tool presented will give an evaluation of the worth of a project, one should consider that the answer is only a guide. In short, the results of an investment appraisal should be considered in conjunction with both common sense and other qualitative factors such as a business’s overall strategy. Secondly, before an investment appraisal is conducted, one should consider whether or not the project is mutually exclusive. Where a project is mutually exclusive, then only the best project should be selected. Where on the other hand, projects are independent; one may select all projects which give the appropriate return. 1.1 Background of the study Corporate finance...
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...AN APPRAISAL OF CAPITAL BUDGETING TECHNIQUES (A CASE STUDY OF FORTHRIGHT SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT LIMITED, MARINA, LAGOS) BY OLOJOTUYI OLUFEMI O. FPA/AC/09/3-0101 BEING A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES, THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, ADO EKITI EKITI STATE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN ACCOUNTANCY DECEMBER, 2011. CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project was duly carried out by OLOJOTUYI OLUFEMI O. of the Department of Accountancy, School of Business Studies Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State and accepted as meeting part of the requirements for the award of Higher National Diploma in Accountancy. ……………………………… ……………………………. MR. UCHEFUNA D.I MRS. M. OLOWOLAJU Project supervisor H. O.D Accountancy …………………………….. …………………………….. DATE DATE DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to Almighty God and to my parent Mr. and Mrs. Olojotuyi. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I give glory to God, for his guidance, protection and strength throughout the period of this project work. Thanks to my supervisor, Mr. Uchefuna D.I who has been of tremendous help in guiding and encouraging me through this process. Furthermore, for his serious yet gentle commitment to the completion of this...
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...SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/ALBANUS MUNYAO (718-729) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITAL BUDGETING TECHNIQUES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES LISTED AT THE NAIROBI STOCK EXCHANGE, KENYA Albanus Munyao, South Eastern Kenya University P. O. Box 170-90200, Kitui-Kenya Fredrick Mukoma Kalui, Egerton University, P. O. Box 536, Njoro-Kenya Jacqueline Ngeta, South Eastern Kenya University P. O. Box 170-90200, Kitui-Kenya Abstract The general objective of the study was to find out the relationship between capital budgeting techniques and financial performance of companies listed in the Nairobi Stock Exchange. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the Capital budgeting techniques used in investment appraisal decisions amongst Companies listed at the Nairobi Stock Exchange. The study also aimed at establishing the relationship between Capital budgeting techniques and the financial performance of companies listed at the Nairobi Stock Exchange. The study employed a survey design to determine the capital budgeting techniques and their relationship with financial performance in companies quoted at the NSE. Primary data was collected through questionnaires which were dropped and picked from the respondents. Secondary data was collected from the published accounts of the companies. The target population consisted of all the 47 companies listed at The Nairobi Stock Exchange as at 30th June 2010. The choice of quoted companies was preferred because they represented...
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...Name: Billy (Management International Class 2013) Subject: Business Research method Student Number: B1024131009 Title: Capital Structure Effect on Indofood Financial Performance Problem Formulations: * How Indofood manages their Capital structure with their low cost carrier? * What are the Strategic Investment that the Indofood Company? * How was the Capital Flow of Indofood Company? * How was the Capital Structure affect the Performance and the profitability of Indofood? No. | Name of Researcher (Year of Research) | Tittle | Problem/aim of research | Methodology | Results | Company/Product | 1. | Sven-Olov Daunfeldt and Fredrik Hartwig, 2008. | What Determines the Use of Capital Budgeting Methods? Evidence from Swedish listed companies | Many methods can be used for Capital Budgeting that will affect the other variable such as leverage, etc. | Questionnaire was sent in 2005 and 2008 to the CFOs of all Swedish companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. From that we can conclude what determine it. | The total use of capital budgeting methods is lower in Swedish companies compared to U.S. and continental European companies | Companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange | 2 | Patricia A. Ryan and Glenn P. Ryan, 2002. | Capital Budgeting Practices of the Fortune 1000:How Have Things Changed? | Prior studies spanning the past four decades show financial managers prefermethods such as internal rate of return or non-discounted payback models over netpresent...
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...12691/jfe-2-3 Rethinking Multinational Enterprises’ Capital Budgeting in the Globalized New Millennium Fabio Pizzutilo* Department of Business and law studies, University of Bari *Corresponding author: fabio.pizzutilo@uniba.it A strict interpretation of the Ricardian assumptions on international trade leads to a conclusion in favour of the impossibility of a firm investing abroad. Even extending the Ricardian model by including capital among the factors of production, it has to be supposed that, from a purely economic and financial perspective, the choice between directly investing abroad and not doing so is totally indifferent. It is the existence of imperfections in the real and/or financial markets that give rise to the convenience for a firm to exploit its competitive advantages through foreign direct investment (FDI). In a broad sense, a multinational enterprise (MNE) can be intended as a company that holds controlled firms, producing branches, divisions, establishments, subsidiaries, etc., in a foreign country. The reasons that can persuade a firm to become multinational are manifold. First of all, it can be the sole action in order to conduct a specific business. Think about the activity of the extraction of raw materials: it cannot be conducted anywhere other than the mine’s location. Many firms are seeking greater production efficiency, and are thus investing in countries where one or more of the factors of production, capital included, are undervalued given their productivity...
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...There is one required group case write-up as shown in the Tentative Schedule. The write-up should be no longer than four double-spaced pages inclusive of exhibits (such as tables, charts and figures). In addition to these four pages, you may have a cover page and another page (the last page of the write-up) that is an assessment of group member contributions. The sum of the group member contributions must total 100%. Please use an 11 point font with a 1.5” margins (for my corrections and comments). (Do not use a plastic cover for the report; staple the pages at the top left of the page). While you will be given many possible questions to consider and discuss, your case write-up will focus on only a few questions. Please clearly indicate in your write-up the questions that you are answering. The recommended solution should be based on the available data in the case and address the decision and/or policy issues facing the firm. The grade you receive on the case write-ups will be based on your ability to provide a solution that you can defend well, one that is also supported from the facts of the case, and one that has a solid financial foundation. In addition, you will be graded on grammar, spelling, punctuation, format and general appearance of your case write-up. In efforts to be sure that each team member participates, the work of each member must be attached (separate to the stapled report) to the back of the case report. This work can be handwritten. It is strongly...
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...forces to deal with is an overseas competitor using high tech equipment and approach to not only enter but to also succeed within their market, and the second has to do with changes in the local economy. In an effort to determine an appropriate response to these changes, Mr. Navallez and his team has begun analyzing these changes that are affecting his business. Mr. Navallez does have a few ideas on how to move forward but will have to research more on the correct capital budgeting that is best for his organization. Capital budgeting is defined as the process of choosing the organizations long term capital investment strategy, this often consist of things like land, property and equipment (Emery, Finnerty, & Stowe, 2007). Alternatives With the changes the Mr. Navallez and his team are tasked to deal with there are some alternatives that they must decide on to adjust to the new market. They must first decide if they are going to maintain their same type of operation without changing to the industry, become an agent for the new company, or cross their organization over to becoming high tech like the new competition. Capital budgeting will be applied to the options discussed to choose the best one. Through capital budgeting the risk associated with each alternative will also be...
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...Authors: John R. Graham and Campbell R. Harvey 1.3. Publication: the article is published in the Journal of Financial Economics, Volume 60, Issue 2, Pages 187-243, dated 31/05/2001. The publisher is North-Holland. 1.4. Reviewer: Group 8 members 1. 1.5. Purpose of the Article The article reports the result of a comprehensive survey on the practice of corporate finance conducted in 1999 G.C by the above mentioned two authors in the USA. Unlike previous similar studies in theory and practice of corporate finance, the article address a broader scope in the field of corporate finance including capital budgeting, cost of capital and capital structure, which according to the authors allows “linking responses of survey participants across areas”. Selecting a large sample of cross-section firms with approximate population size of 4,440, the authors claim to have solicited the response of 392 chief financial officers and to have analysed how these firms practically apply the text book recommendations...
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...Management Blekinge Institute of Technology THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PAYBACK METHOD IN CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISION. By Alaba Femi, AWOMEWE & Oludele Olawale, OGUNDELE Supervisor: Anders Hederstierna Thesis for the Master’s degree in Business Administration Fall/Spring 2008 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PAYBACK METHOD IN CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISION. By Alaba Femi, AWOMEWE & Oludele Olawale, OGUNDELE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MBA (Master of Business Administration) Blekinge Institute of Technology 2008 Supervisor Anders Hederstierna ii Abstract Title: The importance of the Payback method in Capital budgeting decision. Authors: Alaba Femi, Awomewe and Oludele Olawale, Ogundele Supervisor: Anders Hederstierna Department: School of Management, Blekinge Institute of Technology Course: Master’s thesis in business administration, 15 credits (ECTS). Background and Problem Discussion: The capital budgeting decision has been a very typical issue in the sustenance of a company. Several companies have lost their identity or liquidated due to wrong capital budgeting decision they made at one particular time or the other. Based on these prevalent problems in industries and the effect of globalisation on industries, it is important to use effective method to analyse investment before decision is made. Capital budgeting is extremely important because the decision made involve the direction and opportunity...
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...Summary This assignment outlines the practices of effective budget in two entirely different businesses and the importance of effective working capital management in a manufacturing company. The first part of this paper describe that how the budget is exercised in two businesses where one of the business operates in a static market place and another one business operates in a very dynamic environment. Traditional approach of budgeting and budgetary control is still widely used by most companies throughout the world despite of limitations but In current very fast innovative modern environment, traditional budgeting approach is not only budgeting model there are some effective alternatives budgeting models that business are using to fulfill the modern requirements of company’s strategy such as: activity based budgeting, zero based budgeting and beyond budgeting approaches. I describe each of budgeting method that how can such models help the modern company more efficiently with their budgeting and budgetary control. The second part of this paper describes how a working capital cycle plays an important role in a manufacturing business and how each of cycle can be improved individually such as inventory, trade debtors, trade creditors and cash to achieve optimal profit for the company. Budget and Budgeting “A budget is a plan which is expressed in financial and or more general quantitative terms that extends forward for a period into the future...
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...financial firms to assemble risk information. I look beyond questions of risk measurement methodology to investigate the implications of risk management information systems. By examining several theoretical models of the firm in the presence of asymmetric information, I explore how a financial firm’s capital budgeting, incentive compensation, capital structure, and risk management activities are likely to change as it becomes less costly to assemble risk information. I also explore the likely effects of the falling cost of assembling risk information on a financial firm’s organizational structure. Two common themes emerge: centralization within the firm and increased disclosure of risk information outside the firm are both likely to increase. 1 Introduction Financial dealer firms have invested heavily in recent years to develop information systems for risk measurement and management.1 These systems gather data on a firm’s risk positions and compute statistical measurements, such as Value-atRisk, to assess the magnitude of the risks faced by the firm. Increasingly, the uses of these information systems go beyond measurement. They are now beginning to be used for capital allocation and incentive compensation. Previous literature, such as Gibson (1997), discussed how risk management information systems make it possible for financial firms to improve their risk * Email: michael.s.gibson@frb.gov. The author is a staff economist in the Division of International Finance...
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...Solutions found at http://ruby.fgcu.edu/courses/jconreco/core2 1. | What is the difference between capital budgeting screening decisions and capital budgeting preference decisions? | 2. | What is meant by the term “time value of money?” | 3. | What is meant by the term “discounting?” | 4. | Why isn’t accounting net income used in the net present value and internal rate of return methods of making capital budgeting decisions? | 5. | What is net present value? Can it ever be negative? Explain. | 6. | If a company has to pay interest of 14% on long-term debt, then its cost of capital is 14%. Do you agree? Explain. | 7. | What is meant by an investment project’s internal rate of return? How is the internal rate of return computed? | 8. | Explain how the cost of capital serves as a screening tool when dealing with (a) the net present value method and (b) the internal rate of return method. | 9. | As the discount rate increases, the present value of a given future cash flow also increases. Do you agree? Explain. | 10. | How is the project profitability index computed? What does it measure? | 11. | What is meant by the term “payback period?” How is the payback period determined? How can the payback method be useful? | 12. | What is the major criticism of the payback and simple rate of return methods of making capital budgeting decisions? | 13. | The investment required for the project profitability index should: A) be reduced...
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...The misapplication of capital investment appraisal techniques Colin Drury Professor, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK Mike Tayles Lecturer, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK Surveys of capital budgeting practices in the UK and USA reveal a trend towards the increased use of more sophisticated investment appraisals requiring the application of discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques. Several writers, however, have claimed that companies are underinvesting because they misapply or misinterpret DCF techniques. Such claims have been made on the basis of observations in only a few companies, or anecdotal evidence, without any supporting statistical evidence. Reports on a recent survey conducted by the authors which suggests that many UK firms are guilty of misapplying DCF techniques. Also provides evidence relating to some issues that have not been thoroughly examined in previous studies, namely the impact of company size and the relative importance that firms attach to different investment appraisal techniques. An examination of the surveys of capital budgeting practices that have been undertaken during the past 20 years in both the UK and USA reveals a trend towards a continuing increase in the use of more sophisticated capital budgeting techniques. In a longitudinal survey of capital budgeting practices of large UK companies between 1975 and 1992 Pike (1996) reported a substantial increase in the usage of discounted cash flow (DCF) and risk appraisal techniques. In 1975...
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...are grateful for the constructive comments of participants at the EIASM conference on New Directions in Management Accounting: Innovations in Practice and Research, December 2002, Brussels. Financial support from the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants is acknowledged with gratitude. 2 An Empirical Investigation of the Evolution of Management Accounting Practices Abstract This paper investigates and reports on the status of management accounting practices in UK industry. The analysis operationalises the IFAC statement on Management Accounting Concepts and its description of the evolution of management accounting. The results, based on responses from 123 practising management accountants, suggest that the management accounting employed in many UK industrial companies is not particularly sophisticated. Budgeting, product profitability and financial performance measurement remain the central pillars and some of the newer management accounting techniques are less widely used than might be assumed from a reading of the textbooks. There is little evidence of management accounting concerned directly with ‘value creation’. 3 1. Introduction During the 1980s...
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