...Sleep Sleep. It is much more important than we think. According to Mayo Clinic and Sleep Disorder: An Alternative Guide, we spend about one third of our entire life asleep. Sleep is considered to be a state of unconsciousness to help us feel better. If we don’t sleep enough, many scientists then consider why sleep is necessary. It has been said that food is just as important as sleep, therefore, “sleep is food to the brain” (National Sleep Foundation). So the questions still remain. What is sleep? Why do we sleep? Up to date, scientists don’t really know much about “What is sleep” but we do know much more about it more now then we did back then. Sleep is considered to be a state of unconsciousness, which is used to help us to feel better. When...
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...Background of the Study Sleep is a physiological need. It is a way to rest our body from fatigue. Hence, adequate sleep is a biological necessity, not a luxury, for the normal functioning of humans. Good mental and physical health depends on maintenance of adequate sleep. College experience is of great value in providing emerging adults with a structured environment in which they can gain knowledge, skills and independence to chart their own path, become successfully employed and contribute to society. For most students, the college environment is full of new living and social experiences, new freedom from parental supervision and new academic demands. In this situations, most often than not, adequate sleep is neglected. According to poll conducted by the National Sleep Foundation (2000) potential obstacle to maximizing success in college is the high prevalence of daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, sleep disturbances and irregular sleep schedules among college students. Daytime sleepiness is a major problem, exhibited by 50% of college students compared to 36% of adolescents and adults. At least 3 days a week, 60% of college students report that they are dragging, tired and sleepy. Sleep deprivation is defined as obtaining inadequate sleep to support adequate daytime alertness. How much sleep a young adult needs is known to be eight (8) hours. Most college students are sleep deprived, as 70.6% of students report obtaining less than 8 hours of sleep. Sleepiness is defined...
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...It is routinely theorised that one of our most imperative automatic functions, sleep, has two prime purposes: restoring our bodies and minds, allowing us to rest and absorb the information that we have processed throughout our day, and aiding us in our continued survival, allowing us to be awake, alert, and able to avoid and survive potential threats. The first of these subcategories, Restoration theories, deals with such topics as reprogramming, problem solving, and wish fulfilment, and how they pertain to the refreshment of our mental and physical faculties. The first of these concepts, aptly named Restoration Theory, postulated by Oswald (1966), states that sleep is used primarily for bodily repair and the repletion of our energy reserves,...
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...Journal of Ell viron mental Psychology (1995) 15, 169-182 © 1995 Academic Press Limited 0272-4944/95/030169+ 14$12.0010 ~ ENVIRONMENTAL ~ P~Y~HOLOGY THE RESTORATIVE BENEFITS OF NATURE: TOWARD AN INTEGRATIVE FRAM~WORK STEPHEN KAPLAN Department ofPsychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, !ll148109-1109, U.$.A. Abstract Directed attention plays an important role in human information processing; its fatigue, in turn, has far reaching consequences. Attention Restoration Theory provides an analysis of the kinds of experiences that lead to recovery from such fatigue. Natural environments turn out to be particularly rich in the character istics necessary for restorative experiences. An integrative framework is proposed that places both directed attention and stress in the larger context of human-environment relationships. © 1995 Academic Press Limited Introduction Evidence pointing to the psychological benefits of nature has accumulated at a remarkable rate in a relatively short period of time. Whether a theoreti cal understanding of these restorative influences has kept pace with the empirical work is, however, less clear. As Hartig and Evans (1993) have pointed out, theory in' this area has been dominated by con flicting positions, one enlphasizing stress reduction (Ulrich, 1983) and the other concerned with recov ery of the capacity to focus attention (Kaplan & Talbot, 1983; Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989). While it might be argued that...
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...There is much to be learned about the ins and outs of sleep such as how much it provides for the body and the brain and how to best manage a person’s ability to “sleep well”. Examining sleep from a parent’s perspective is something I never thought about before. However, I know first-hand how proper sleep, and lack of proper sleep may affect children’s behavior. I clearly recall being in the hospital when my oldest was only a day old, walking the floors trying to soothe him to sleep. Even now, at four, he still wakes in the middle of the night and comes down the hall to my room. My two-year old daughter is better with her sleep. However, she began climbing out of her crib just after turning two and we made the move to a toddler bed shortly after. It is quite a challenge for her to fall asleep; when she does, she does not stay in her room and wakes up during the night. It occurs to me that my son has never learned to become a good sleeper and it has affected many areas of his life. He is often tired but refuses to sleep; he is cranky and quick to show emotions in extremes with very large tantrums. These symptoms are more contained and less noticeable when he sleeps through the night and/or goes to sleep at a reasonable time. Similarly, my daughter refuses to sleep and misses naps, or has shortened them considerably when she does nap. We observed that after a night of multiple waking, and/or short or missed naps, she will have what we have learned are possibly Night Terrors...
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...Family Health Assessment Grand Canyon University Family-Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V March 14, 2014 Introduction Family has an important role in health promotion paradigm. It consists of two or more person’s lives together or apart. A family is linked by blood, marriage, adoption or commitment to care for one another and achieve their expected part. Nurses finish a holistic nursing assessment of individual, family and community requirements. By using evidence-based context, such as Gordon’s functional health pattern assessment, will help nurses provide a broad nursing assessment of the patient. Nurses can ask eleven family focused questions which offer an outline of the individual’s health eminence and health practices that lead the individual to reach their current level of health or wellness (Edelma & Mandle, (2010). This essay is about a family conference and is supported by an addendum. The enquiries were quizzed throughout the course using Gordon’s functional health pattern and the diagnosis of the individual’s wellness had focused on the family assessment. Family Interview Health Perception/Health Management This author talked to a family that consists of a father, a mother, a fifteen year old daughter and a ten year old son. The husband and wife are well aware about their health concerns, management and advancement actions. They are also aware about their health management; they reflected on it and were engaged most of the time with some hindrances...
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...Chapter 1: The Research Problem and its Background Introduction: Studying can seem very boring compared to all the exciting temptations just outside your door or the games on your computer. Even watching old boring cartoons can seem more interesting than the hand-outs your teacher is expecting you to master! One reason we often don’t start studying until the last possible minute is that we have misjudged how long it will actually take us to absorb and understand the material. If your mid-term is still six weeks away, this might seem like plenty of time left before you need to get around to studying. You might find however, that the subject matter is a lot harder to understand than you thought it would be, and all of a sudden there’s no time left to ask someone to explain it to you. A study habit is the way of studying with a particular place and time organized by the person itself. Studying in a well literature and organized place makes it more effective. Having this study habits will surely has an effect on our academic performances. Depending on a person if he/she has this study habits because others do not have. They only study and scan their books whenever they like. Others are only depending in their stock knowledge, while some will only scan their lesson when there is a test coming. This depends on a person, but having a study habit will surely help us and make our studying easier. We conduct this kind of research to know whether the fourth year students...
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...Brian Paterson Word Count 2038 “What is Hypnosis?” Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy There are many definitions of Hypnosis, these range from a form of sleep; a form of dissociation; an artificial induced trance state resembling sleep; a means of communication between the conscious mind and the subconscious mind; a state of passive suggestibility with selective attention and reduced planning function. With no concise definition from the last three centuries, it would be appropriate to look at a brief history of hypnosis. Hypnotic trance like states have been utilised for thousands of years in many cultures and religions, and continue to be seen today. We will start with looking at Franz Anton Mesmer, who is commonly referred to as the grandfather of hypnosis. Mesmer Studied Theology, but went on to study Law and then medicine. He gained respect in his professional duties and the Viennese society, whilst working at the Vienna school. Mesmer believed that magnetism formed the basis of all successful hypnosis. It was in 1974 on Mesmer’s first patient, where he applied magnets to the patient. Believing that the human body was analogous to magnets and could therefore be used to heal. Mesmer moved to France and alienated many universities and scholars...
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...Describe and evaluate research into circadian rhythms (8+16) Research into circadian rhythms has assessed the effects of isolating participants from external time cues (exogenous zeitgebers) on our 24 hour cycles, and suggesting that an internal body clock (endogenous pacemaker) creates a free running sleep/wake cycle rhythm of 25 hours. Siffre (1975) * Case study of his own experiences in an underground cave for 2 months. Without any exogenous zeitgebers such as light or cues to guide him, his sleep/wake cycle generally adjusted to a 25 hour cycle, though sometimes changing dramatically up to 48 hours. Aschoff and Weaver (1976) * Designed a temporal isolation study by placing participants in an underground ww2 bunker without an environmental or time cues. * They found that the free running cycle persisted with a sleep wake cycle of 25 hours, sometimes increasing to 29. Weakness into research of circadian rhythms * Lack internal validity. * They removed natural light sources, artificial light from torches and cameras have been shown to reset the endogenous rhythms, thus interfering as an extraneous variable. Exemplified through Czeisler et al (1999) * Altered participants’ circadian rhythms down to 22 hours and up to 28 only using dim lighting to alter his release of melatonin from the pineal gland. * Findings do not reflect true isolation and have lower internal validity, so his rhythm may not have adjusted so well if he had been truly...
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...oxidative damage, and stimulating growth. Unfortunately, the psychological and physical consequences of improper hair care by stylists have resulted in “hair stress” in the African American community (Winfield, 2008). The problem under investigation is what are physical and psychological processes of growing healthy African American hair, where people look good on the outside and feel good on the inside. This study utilizes a content analysis approach for using YouTube tutorials to support the “Growing Hands Theory” that encourages proper hair care practices related to physical and mental health for people of African descent. Core Concept Definition Healthy Hair Healthy hair is a result of hair care and self-care. Hair care varies from different hair types because all hair is not the same, but all hair benefits from individuals having appropriate nutrition, hydration, exercise, stress management, and restorative sleep. Strausfogel (2013), focuses on internal and external strategies for better hair growth. Many of these products that claim to be good for your hair can be found in one’s kitchen cabinet. This author also emphasized that all hair types are different, there are different precautions each individual has to take for healthy hair. Over-shampooing, over-processing and over-styling can cause one’s hair not to grow. A weekly shampoo is preferred for dry or coarse hair, whereas as a person with finer or thinning hair...
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...steps can improve fibromyalgia symptoms and your general health. Signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia can vary, depending on the weather, stress, physical activity or even the time of day. Common signs and symptoms include: • Widespread pain. Fibromyalgia is characterized by pain in specific areas of your body when pressure is applied, including the back of your head, upper back and neck, upper chest, elbows, hips and knees. The pain generally persists for months at a time and is often accompanied by stiffness. • Fatigue and sleep disturbances. People with fibromyalgia often wake up tired and unrefreshed even though they seem to get plenty of sleep. Some studies suggest that this sleep problem is the result of a sleep disorder called alpha wave interrupted sleep pattern, a condition in which deep sleep is frequently interrupted by bursts of brain activity similar to wakefulness. So people with fibromyalgia miss the deep restorative stage of sleep. Nighttime muscle spasms in your legs and restless legs syndrome also may be associated with fibromyalgia. • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain and bloating associated with IBS are common in people with fibromyalgia. • Headaches and facial pain. Many people who have...
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...Chapter Overview 5.1 Overview: Consciousness, Brain Activity, Levels of Awareness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.2 Stages of Sleep CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.1 Consciousness and Psychology 5.3 Dreams Theories of Dreams Dreams as a Reflection of Unconscious Wishes 5.2 Sleep Biological Rhythms and Stages of Sleep Sleep Theories Effects of Sleep Deprivation Sleep Disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Parasomnias CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity Dream Contents CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.3 Theories of Dreams 5 Learning Objectives States of Consciousness 5.1 5.2 Define consciousness. Describe how consciousness relates to psychology. Describe the changes in brain wave activity that occur during the different stages of sleep. Understand why sleep deprivation is harmful. Understand why deep sleep is important. Understand why REM sleep is important. Describe some common sleep disorders. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Describe the two main theories of dreams. Explain the two theories of hypnosis. Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation. List and describe the four categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system. 5.4 Hypnosis Critical Thinking About Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered State of Consciousness Role Playing Divided Consciousness 5.6 Drug Use Mechanism of Action of Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Alcohol Narcotics/Opiates Summary of...
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...relation, sleep patterns as in why do we need sleep, rhythms of sleep , sleep deprivation, sleep disorders, dreams and why do we dream. Sleep, as a human or animal we need to sleep because our body regenerates its self when it’s at rest. Humans spend at least one-third in an altered state of consciousness. When we are tired we crave to go to sleep just as if we are hungry we crave food. We can’t live without both. No human can stay p past twenty hours without feeling like they are about to crash. No one knows exactly why we need sleep but it plays and important part in restorative function. When humans are asleep there are rhythms of sleep. Circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm that last about 24 hours. There are 4 stages the sleeper enters when they fall asleep. Stage one is when the brain gives you the signal your muscles to relax. It also gives off that your heart is to beat slower and when that happens your temperature begins to drop. Stage 2 is a light sleep. You’re not fully asleep but you can be awakening. Stage 3 you are in a deeper sleep. Your blood pressure begins to get lower because your brain gives off that message. Even though the body temperature is getting lower the human that is asleep won’t notice. In this stage you can be woken but it won’t be as easy. Stage 4 the human is in a deepest sleep. If someone tried to waken this sleeper it would be very hard. If the sleeper awakens they will be very confused for a few minutes. Some may sleep walk or...
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...Fibromyalgia [pic] Exercise for Special Populations February 17, 2012 Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by chronic widespread pain and fatigue. It affects approximately 2% of the population, and is more common in women than in men. Central nervous system sensitization affects the entire body, leading to many secondary symptoms. This paper will cover the history, symptoms, and causes of FMS as well as known treatments and exercise prescription for the syndrome. Fibromyalgia has been described as a full-body migraine. Another common explanation is to compare everyday life with FMS as being similar to the aches and pains associated with a severe case of the flu. FMS patients experience intermittent flares, which are episodes of increased symptoms. Flares usually occur in response to physical or emotional stress, a schedule change, an illness or injury, a new job, the birth of a child, etc. While fibromyalgia is not considered a degenerative disorder, its symptoms usually become more severe if the patient also has a degenerative disorder such as arthritis. First, a patient must have experienced continuous pain in all four quadrants of the body for at least three months (Wolfe et al., 1990). Doctors will usually order many tests in order to rule out other conditions that might be confused with fibromyalgia. The key diagnostic tool for FMS is the tender point exam. No more than...
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...VICTIM RIGHTS ARE ALSO HUMAN RIGHTS ------------------------------------------------- Dr. Beulah Shekhar, Faculty, Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, The present system does not adequately focus on justice to the victims. The formal criminal justice system directs its attention primarily toward the offender, first with regard to guilt or innocence and second with regard to appropriate punishment, treatment, or monitoring. The informal justice system is often an abstract and distant concern. So, the victims have been repeatedly neglected as stakeholders in both formal and informal justice approaches, it is important to give special attention to their role in the criminal justice system. Presenting the report to Deputy Prime Minister L.K.Advani, who held the home portfolio. Malimath said the changes were proposed for the first time in 150 years. He also recommended that from now on, criminal laws be reviewed every 15 years so that they are in tune with the “changing times”. The “Criminal justice system is virtually collapsing under its own weight as it is slow, inefficient and ineffective” due to which “people are losing confidence in the system”, the report said. The present system of the prosecution have to prove the guilt of an accused “places a very unreasonable burden on the prosecution”, the committee said in its report and recommended that in India, like in the continental countries...
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