...In today’s lab we were able to get a hands on look at the osmosis and diffusion process as well as analysis the nutrients in food. We were separated into groups chosen by the Teachers Assistant and began our lab. There was a brief lecture with notes and what we would be looking forward to within the lab. We were given more information on what osmosis and diffusion were. Further into the discussion we learned about controls and variables. As we finally began the experiment we needed to make sure we had the required items such as the beakers, testing strips and the chemical solutions. From there we were able to go over the instructions and carefully do the assigned tasks. For our first experiment which was the Osmosis and Diffusion lab. We needed...
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...Lab Report on Osmosis and Diffusion Biology 1, Period 3 March 15, 2010 Lab Team: Jason Perez, Kicia Long, Chris McLemore Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to observe the acts of passive transport: diffusion and osmosis in a model membrane system. The experiment will show how molecules in solution move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. The model membrane is dialysis tubing. Materials Used 2.5 cm dialysis tubing 15% glucose solution glucose test strip 1% starch solution distilled water Lugol’s iodine solution Procedure: Each member of the lab group will complete the procedures independently 1. Obtain a 30 cm piece of 2.5-cm dialysis tubing that has been soaking in water. Tie off one end of the tubing to form a bag. To open the other end of the bag, rub the end between your fingers until the edges separate. 2. Place 15 mL of the 15% glucose/1% starch solution in the bag. Tie off the other end of the bag, leaving sufficient space for the expansion of the contents in the bag. Record the color of the solution and weight of the bag in a data table. 3. Test the 15% glucose/1% starch solution for the presence of glucose using a test strip. Record the results in the data table. 4. Fill a 250 mL beaker or cup two-thirds full with distilled water. Add approximately 4 mL of Lugol's solution to the distilled water and record the color of the solution in data table. Test this solution...
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...Clara Skepple Miranda Wilby, Sarah Cavanagh Thursday, March 3 2016 Observing Diffusion and Osmosis INTRODUCTION: Related Theory: The cell membrane is the outermost boundary of the cell, made up of proteins and lipids. This membrane holds the cell together and establishes the movement of materials that go into and out of the cell. This is a selectively permeable membrane: a barrier that allows some molecules to pass through, but prevents other molecules from penetrating (1). Passive transport is the movement of materials across a cell membrane without the use of energy from the cell. One type of passive transport is diffusion. Diffusion involves the movement of molecules from an area with a higher concentration to one with a lower concentration (1). Diffusion is affected by many things; temperature, concentration and pressure. It disperses until molecules are equally distributed within a space. Osmosis is diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Water will diffuse from the place with higher concentration to the place with a lower concentration. Water goes through the concentration gradient. Which is when molecules without energy diffuse from the place with higher concentration to the one with lower (1). The ability to diffuse through water all depends on the size of the molecule as well. For example, starch is a large molecule therefor it should not fit through the cells membrane. Starch is a polysaccharide because it is comprised of lots of sugars. Individually...
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...PROBLEM What factors determine the rate of encapsulation and diffusion with sodium alginate? PRE LAB OBJECTIVES -Group 1: What is sodium alginate? A natural polymer of kelp and sea weed Define polymer. Principle component of the cell wall in algae -Group 2: Define the term hydrophilic. Water loving What makes sodium alginate extremely hydrophilic? Ionic –co2 and –oh groups -Group 3: Describe how sodium alginate is used in many processed foods. It is a thickening agent -Group 4: Model -Group 5: What happens to sodium alginate if you replace the sodium ions in sodium alginate with calcium ions? The sodium alginate becomes calcium alginate which is an insoluble gel. What is chelating ligand? Polymer where each Ca2+ ion is bound to four –CO2- groups -Group 6: What happened when a concentrated solution of sodium alginate is added drop wise to a dilute solution of calcium chloride? Insoluble spheres form How does this lab model nanotechnology? The capsules are semi-permeable -Group 7: List all safety precautions for this lab below. Goggles, gloves, and aprons BACKGROUND This lab is a good example of nanotechnology. It accurately displays the main goal of nanotechnology, which is to get objects into living cells. So, since it is such a good example you need to know what nanotechnology is. Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating materials on an atomic or molecular scale. Now...
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...Diffusion and Osmosis: A Full Analysis on the Concentration of Solutes and the Molecular Weight of Substances in a Dialysis Tubing and Potato Experiment Alejandro Gonzalez October 30, 2012 Biology 1500 Professor Raja Abstract The purpose of the diffusion and osmosis lab experiments is to determine the contents present before and after leaving a dialysis tubing in a beaker of solution and to test water potential by determining the percent change in mass of potatoes when left in different concentrations of sucrose in numerous beakers. In the first experiment, what occurred was that we put contents into the dialysis tubing and in a solution in a beaker and we were to set the tubing in the beaker for a set amount of time and see what contents are present in the beaker and in the dialysis after the amount of time. In the second experiment, we were to test if a mass change would occur if we set potatoes in different concentrations of sucrose. My alternate hypothesis in the first experiment with the dialysis tubing was accepted due to the fact that glucose and sodium sulfate diffused across the pores of the tubing, but starch and protein could not be. My alternate hypothesis in the second experiment was also accepted due to the fact that there was a mass change in the potatoes when put in different concentrations of glucose. Introduction Diffusion and osmosis are two terms that actually coincide with each other in the big picture and in this particular set of experiments...
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...AP Biology Exam Review: Lab Essays At least one essay (FRQ) on the exam will be based on an AP laboratory. To prepare for this question, review the objectives for all twelve laboratory exercises. The College Board does not necessarily expect that you have completed that lab, but rather that you have investigated the objectives of the lab. You may be asked to “design an experiment to determine….” You don’t necessarily need to create a new lab; if you have done an activity that would answer the question, simply describe it. For a good response, you should include the following. 1. State a hypothesis [as an “if…..(conditions), then….(results)” statement] Be sure your hypothesis is testable. 2. Identify the variable factor. 3. Identify the control. Be certain to explain the control for the experiment. 4. Hold all other variables constant. 5. Manipulate the variable. 6. State how you would measure the results. 7. Discuss the expected results. Relate the results to your hypothesis. 8. Include steps to replicate or verify. You may be asked to graph data. Be sure to use a graph that is appropriate for you data. Bar graphs are used when data points are discrete (not related to one another), while line graphs are used with the data are continuous. If there is a data point at zero, be certain to extend your line to 0, but do not extend the line to 0 if there is no data point at zero. Other points to keep in mind: ...
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...The contents of this document pertain to the effect of particle (starch) concentration on the rate of Osmosis through a selectively permeable membrane made visible by the use of Lugol’s Iodine indicator. The results proved that the greater the concentration of the starch solute within the membrane, the greater the rate of osmosis and change in color of the solute due to an increase of Lugol’s Iodine diffusing into the membrane and reacting with the starch. Ruba Nizam 3/18/2014 Introduction The purpose of this lab is to test the rates of osmosis on a model of a selectively permeable membrane filled with varying levels of starch concentrations using dialysis tubing. This experiment will make it possible to see how particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to the use of Lugol’s Iodine indicator. According to Michael McKinley, osmosis is defined as the, “movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium” (McKinley). Diffusion is related to the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis and diffusion are both passive transports that do not require energy although osmosis is the diffusion of water (Balmer). These transport processes occur across a selectively permeable membrane. As stated by Dawn A. Tamarkin, “Selective permeability means that the cell membrane has some control over what can...
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...LAB REPORT BLOODSTAIN ANALYSIS (http://www.crimescene-forensics.com/images/Blood_Spatter_001B.gif) COURSE: CHM 1107: Introduction to Forensic Science - Professor Ira S. Krull DATE: 10.27.11 INTRODUCTION Blood is a biological fluid found in animals that delivers necessary nutrients and oxygen throughout the body and carries away metabolic waste products. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 5 liters, comprising of plasma, blood cells and platelets, and it is usually red in color, though not always. The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells, constituting about 45% of whole blood. These cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which distributes oxygen throughout the human body. Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In humans, blood is pumped from the strong left ventricle of the heart through arteries to peripheral tissues and returns to the right atrium of the heart through the superior vena cava (see Fig 1). It then enters the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Blood then enters the left ventricle to be circulated again. (Fig 1: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/220px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png) Blood is a type of evidence found most often at violent crime scenes and...
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...Marisa M Souza AP Biology Mrs.Therrien October, 6, 2015 Diffusion and Osmosis Exercise 1A: Diffusion In our diffusion experiment glucose is leaving the bag and Iodine-Potassium-Iodide or IKI is entering the bag. The change in color within the bag indicates the presence of glucose. The IKI moved from the beaker into the dialysis bag, this resulted in a change of color to black within the bag. This made the concentration within the bag equal to the concentration outside the bag. The glucose solution moved out of the bag making glucose present in the beaker. The glucose moved to make the solute concentration inside and out equal. If the initial and final % concentration of glucose and IKI for in the bag and in the beaker were given they...
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...Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 2 The Fire Problem 2 Methodology 5 Results and discussion 6 Processes of flame spread 7 Diffusion flame spread 8 Thermal Model 8 Transition to Turbulence 10 References 13 Abstract The fires problem is one of the hazard pose a threat to life and property. Flames behave differently under various conditions which include: the oxygen available, combustible material, orientation of surfaces, etc. this a complex phenomena which is influenced by multiple factors that includes ignition, heat release rate, flame spread and the generation of different products of combustion like carbon IV oxide and carbon II oxide. The research was performed by studying various sources in the library and in the internet and also performing experiments to simulate a real life situation. Introduction The Fire Problem The flammability of a material is a complex event which is influenced by multiple factors that includes ignition, heat release rate, flame spread and the generation of different products of combustion like carbon IV oxide and carbon II oxide. In order to better protect the people and property from risk posed by the unwanted fires, it become necessary to understands all these factors under different conditions. Babrauskas and Vytenis 1992 suggested that heat release rate is the main variable in fire hazard; but Kashiwagi and Ito argued effectively that, the flame spread over the surface...
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...CN3108: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESS LAB II Experiment B1 Adsorption for Protein Isolation (L) Frederick Chan Yew Meng U065963A (E) Gan Yue Sern U065873B (A) Giam Ming Yao Joshua U065944X (R) Farhana Mehnas D/O Haja N U065763H Group: M4 Submitted On: 13th October 2008 Contents Sections Page Summary 1 I Introduction 2 II Theoretical Background 3 III Experimental procedures 6 IV Results and Analysis 8 V Discussion 22 VI Conclusion 28 VII References 28 Summary This experiment was to determine the adsorption isotherm for bovine serum albumin (BSA) on an anion-exchange adsorption resin with a model that is derived from the experimental data and to draw a breakthrough curve for BSA for different superficial velocities and find out the controlling step occurring within the packed bed. The Freundlich Isotherm q=αC1v was then found to be a better model to approximate the adsorption isotherm for BSA as compared to Langmuir Isotherm. From the experimental data, the static capacity determined from Langmuir Isotherm approximation was estimated to be 330.033mg/g and the dynamic capacities flow rates of 5.0, 2.5, 0.5 ml/min were 0.918, 1.431 and 2.066 mg/g respectively, thus agreeing with theoretical knowledge that the static capacities should be larger than dynamic capacities as sufficient time were allowed for equilibrium...
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...Course Title: Cryptography Section 1-1 Topic: Introduction To Cryptography Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability and Authentication How companies use cryptography How penetration testers can also use cryptography Tools, Techniques and Attacks Academics discusses history of encryption. Academics simply encrypt or hash, why aren't people using hashing more? Professional is just, encrypt or not, hash or just verify Section 1-2 Topic: Key Concepts of Cryptography: PKIS & Encryption Learning Objectives: Cryptography is one of the most underrated courses of study in the industry. Of those who do study it, issues with comprehension tend to hinder individual mastery. By taking this course, learners will finally be able to grasp all the critical concepts, theories and practices associated with Cryptography. This Cryptography presentation discusses and demonstrates the key concepts of Cryptography from attacks, PKIs and Encryption in detail. You’ll learn about the difference between public and private keys and about the similarities and differences between symmetry & asymmetry. We’ll also discuss the concept of integrity and confidentiality and their relationships to/with protocols. This Cryptography course will help you master the basics of Cryptography as you begin to develop the discipline needed to become an accomplished pen tester. Keys and Principles 1. Keys 1a. Symmetric - also referred to as same keys, private key, symmetric key - same (confidentially) ...
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...Innovation Diffusion in Mobile Communication Industry Introduction The word innovation is derived from the Latin word ‘innovatio’ which means renew or change. Innovation is connected with the renewal or improvement in things, it brings a change in the existing things or brings completely new thing into the market and the consequence of innovation is novelty. Innovation is that idea, practice or object which is perceived as new by an individual of unit of adoption (Rogers 1962). Innovation, first of all influences the thinking process of an individual, when one changes the way he makes a decision or makes choices outside of their norm. When innovation comes it changes the old settings and develops a space for new and better process and establishes a completely better system. Innovation and creativity are somewhere connected with each other; creativity can be described as coming up with new ideas, while innovation is about instilling life to ideas that is actually implementing the ideas. Innovation can be described differently at different levels, like on the lower level it is about changing the way the activities are performed and application of inventions; on the other hand, at the higher levels, it is about complete transformation of the organisation. In context to the organisation, innovation is concerned with positive changes in market shares, efficiency, competitive positioning, and quality productivity and so on and all these forces...
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...Executive Summary In the following report, it will cover the market and demand analysis of Sony, and which includes an outline of Sony’s market position with the use of analytical tools such as a SWOT analysis and taking into consideration macro factors which influence Sony both internally and externally. The report will also consist of innovation analysis of Sony that outlines the ways in which they differentiate themselves with the use of their research and development strategies, and the threats which follow as a consequence of taking the risk of being creative. Furthermore the future challenges which the firm may face will be analysed as part of strategic outcomes, and how Sony can react to these challenges in the future. 1.0 Introduction To begin with, we will carry out a report on Sony which will include details of how they are currently competing in the market. Also, an innovation analysis will be carried out into Sony and their unique selling point of being one of the most innovative companies in the world. The types of details of Sony, which will be reviewed, are internal such as strengths and weaknesses. The external factors, which will be analyzed, are macro factors, which affect the company such as detailed SWOT analysis and their corporate image. Finally, the challenges, which Sony has to face in the future, will be reviewed and ways in which Sony respond by countering the challenges they may...
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...7Student Contract 1. Attendance – Science is a subject where everyday something new is being taught. If a student is absent, a note must be presented to his/her teacher when the student returns to class. This note must have information i.e. phone number, contact person and reason for absence. 2. Lateness – Lateness will be taken very seriously and will affect a student’s grade. Students are expected to come to class on time. If you come to class late you must sign the late log and provide the reason for your lateness (i.e. late pass) GRADING POLICY Every student has the right to see how their grade is calculated. In order to discuss individual grade calculations you can set up an appointment during your teacher’s office hours. Your science teacher will explain the grading policy during this meeting. Your child’s grades will also be available for you to view on line through a program called Pupil Path, www.Pupilpath.com Your child will receive the instructions and passwords for this within the first week of school. • Class participation –Class participation covers every aspect of a student’s behavior in the classroom. This includes the questions you ask, the comments you make, the notes you take, completion of class work, notebook check, presenting your reference tables and your prompt arrival to class. Students are expected to remain on task while in class and are accountable for their conduct. Class participation is 20% of your grade • Homework...
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