...prototype of a product or idea and help company’s hone it’s effectiveness before bringing that product home. Most of this new way of thinking in terms of targeting a larger poorer potential customer base rather than a smaller more affluent demographic will lead those companies that “do it first” the distinct advantage. As a multi-national company, if you can find a market where there are constraints to consumption, find a way to disrupt current innovation in a way that lets you have first access with a product on a large group of people that nobody else is targeting, by the time competitors figure it out, the game will likely already be over. I don’t know that I totally agree that disruptive innovation in this context equates to “radical” in every case. To do something differently is not radical all of the time just as technology can be different and accidentally create something totally new. I really feel it is important to keep in mind that poorer countries cannot usually consume the same product as richer countries. Reverse innovation that creates a product that the 5 billion poorer people can consume and later uses them to innovate and bring this product back for use by the 2 billion rich people will win in the end. This is...
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...4/25/2012 1 Reverse Innovation: Create Far From Home, Win Everywhere Vijay Govindarajan Earl C. Daum 1924 Professor of International Business Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College May 2, 2012 To ask a question … click on the “question icon” in the upper-left corner of your screen. Type your question and name and click on the send button 4/25/2012 2 Follow the conversation on Twitter Use #HBRwebinar @HBRExchange Reverse Innovation: Create Far From Home, Win Everywhere Co-Authors Vijay Govindarajan and Chris Trimble 4/25/2012 3 Reverse Innovation Vijay Govindarajan Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth VG@dartmouth.edu www.vg-tuck.com www.vijaygovindarajan.com (BLOG) Harvard Business Review Press May 2, 2012 It wis opuelrdf ewctalnyt l oa griiccahl mwahny’ sa pprooodru mctan 4/25/2012 4 Why would a richp rmodaunc wt?ant a poor man’s Ford $20,000 4/25/2012 5 Tata Nano $2,000 4/25/2012 6 4/25/2012 7 Cataract Surgery $30 Versus U.S. Cost $3,000 4/25/2012 8 N.H. Hospital 4/25/2012 9 Open Heart Surgery $2,000 versus U.S. Cost $50,000 4/25/2012 10 Dr. J 4/25/2012 11 4/25/2012 12 4/25/2012 13 4/25/2012 14 Artificial Leg $30 4/25/2012 15 Baby Mosha’s Artificial Leg $30 U.S. Average $20,000 4/25/2012 16 4/25/2012 17 In Emerging Markets tDroanns’tpW alahsnkatte ids tghloeb mala srtkreatt efogry ?my Ask Wuglsohinbagat lim sr eytsh goelu osrbtcraeals tc?eogmy pfoert ethnicsi ems aarnkde t vg@dartmouth.edu 4/25/2012 ...
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...L’internazionalizzazione della Funzione Ricerca e Sviluppo Indice 1 - Introduzione 3 2 - L'Internazionalizzazione dell’unità R&S 5 2.1 - I Motivi dell’Internazionalizzazione 5 2.2 - Evoluzione delle Forme di Internazionalizzazione 6 2.3 - Strategie Tecnologiche su Scala Internazionale 9 3 - Dalla Globalizzazione alla Reverse Innovation 12 3.1 - Frugal Innovation 14 3.2 - Reverse Innovation 17 3.3 - Perché fare Reverse Innovation 19 3.4 - Il caso: “The 300$ House” 20 1 - Introduzione Con il termine internazionalizzazione si indica l’espansione dell’impresa al di fuori del proprio mercato nazionale. Si tratta di un fenomeno di natura composita, che non si riduce alla sola sfera degli scambi e delle transazioni economiche ma che abbraccia gli ambiti della politica, della società e della cultura. L’internazionalizzazione è un processo oggi inesorabile e di dimensione crescente, che si è trasformato in un motore estremamente potente di integrazione e al contempo di cambiamento della nostra società, alimentando quel fenomeno pervasivo che molti definiscono globalizzazione. Le imprese, attraverso il processo di espansione internazionale, ricercano in nuovi mercati gli stessi vantaggi di tipo tecnologico e manageriale sfruttati pienamente nei mercati domestici attraverso ingenti investimenti...
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...exact opposite of the adjusting entry made in the previous period." During the first month an expense is accrued which makes it an account payable. Even though the money to pay the bill is earned the same month the actual bill is accrued, it will not be adjusted to the following month. Reversing entry is what shows that the expense which was accrued last month is paid this the following month. Reversing entries has its advantages and disadvantages. One of the disadvantages of reversing entries is that they are two part entries. It is entered a certain way the first period and is then balanced with an entry which suffices the second month. This means that it is double work. If you forget to do the reverse entry when the bill is actually paid then you will end up with an error when trying to balance. One of the many advantages of using a reversing entry is that it helps you track how much money is spent on a certain bill over a certain period. For example if you spent a certain amount of money on cool-aid for your drink company over a period of time, you can track how much money you have spent and see the effect it had on the company during that time period. A lot of company decisions can be made by being able to track how much resources are used or bills that is accumulated then decide if it worth is or not. Reversing...
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...Draft Memo Date: Preparer: Group Reviewer: Professor Subject: Qualifying Like-kind Exchange Facts: Twinbrook Corporation purchased a larger manufacturing facility for $2,100,000. Three months after Twinbrook purchased the new facility, it sold the old facility to White Flint Corporation for $2,000,000. Issue: Can Twinbrook Corporation qualify for a like-kind exchange of its manufacturing facilities? If not, under what circumstances would the transaction meet the requirements of a like-kind exchange? Authorities: IRC § 1001 (c) IRC §1031 (a)(1) IRC §1031 (a)(3) IRC Reg. § 1.1031(k)-1(b)(2)(i)) Rev. Proc. 2000-37, 2000-2 C.B. 308 Rev. Proc. 2004-51, Conclusion: Twinbrook Corporation did a transaction that does not qualify as a like-kind exchange because they obtained the new property for three months before disposing the old property. However, the exchange could qualify for the like-kind exchange if they went through an exchange facilitator. Analysis: IRC §1031 (a)(1) states that a company would not recognize a loss or gain in a qualifying like-kind exchange. In this case Twinbrook Corporation would not recognize the loss if the transaction would qualify as a like-kind exchange. Both manufacturing facilities are classified as real property; therefore, the two facilities are considered like-kind property. The problem is that the company used cash as part of the transactions and did not go through a third party intermediary; therefore, Twinbrook Corporation...
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...Reversing entries are when an accountant makes adjustments to the beginning of the next accounting period. This would be the opposite of what had been done to an entry in the previous period. (Kimmel, 2011) For example, a utility bill. The utility bill would be recorded in one month as received. When the next period happens is when it will be paid so the amount will need entered again. This time is will just need reversed. Reversing entries may be a helpful method, there are however, pros and cons to using this method. The downfall to using reverse entries is, there could be a greater chance a mistake could be made or forgetting to put in or take out one of the entries could happen because there would be more entries. This will eventually double the work load for the accountant. (Reeves, 2011) The positive to using this method to remove an entry in the previous period is there is nothing special which needs to be done. The same exact numbers are just needed to be inserted in the right place. This process can be done by anyone. Even if they are not an expert in accounting and journalizing. This method just cancels out an entry which was made during the last period. (Reeves, 2011) The reason reversing entries are optional is because it can only be used on adjustments which creates accounts receivable. An example would be accruals. Since not all companies are cash based, it is not a mandatory accounting...
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...#include <iostream> using namespace std; //to reverse the digits of the number int main(){ int orig, rev; //original number and reversed number int hundreds, tens, ones; //we are going to separate out // original number to its digits(h,t,o) while(1) { orig=4444; //choose an arbitrary "wrong" condition while(orig > 999){ cout << "Enter a 3 digit number :"; cin >> orig; } hundreds = orig /100; // integer division by 100 ones = orig % 10; //remainder of division by 10 tens = (orig /10 ) % 10; // get ten's cout << "Original number = " << orig << endl; rev = ones * 100 + tens*10 + hundreds ; //reformulate the rev num cout << "Reversed number = " << rev << endl; cout << "============================" << endl; } char ch; cin >> ch; } #include <iostream> using namespace std; void conversionFunc(double& dFactory, double& wRiver); double costFunc(double, double); int main() { double wRiver; double dFactory; double cUnderWater; double cOverLand; cout << "Please enter the width of the river: "; cin >> wRiver; ...
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...| Internship Application Form | | | | | | | | | |ICPO-INTERPOL | |Personal details | |Family name: | | | | ...
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...CAREERS TRENDING: Business Idea Generator // Starting a Business // Cloud Computing // Email Marketing // Starting a Website // Small Business Resource Center Reference: Innovation: Key to Successful Business by Chad Brooks, BusinessNewsDaily Senior Writer | September 23, 2013 08:20pm ET 21 33 1 Reddit 23 ideas, inventions, patents [Pin It] Credit: Light bulb idea image via Shutterstock View full size image One of the keys to any successful business is being able to come up with new ideas to keep operations, products and services fresh. The process of bringing those ideas to reality is called innovation. While thinking up new ideas is one step of the process, businesses have a much greater task in trying to turn that into an actual product or service that will benefit customers. In an article he wrote for BusinessNewsDaily, Fusion92 vice president of innovation Jacob Beckley said while innovation might have slightly different meanings depending on the industry, its core is universal. "It embodies the improvement of something that has come before," Beckley wrote. "It is the evolution of convenience, efficiencyand effectiveness." The companies that do this best, according to Beckley, are the ones that will ultimately have sustained success. "In the vast sea of innovation, companies that take the largest risk, close the biggest gaps and identify the newest opportunities are rewarded with the title of true innovators and leaders by their consumers...
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...and Risk of investing RTO • Influence of the interest groups • To identify the issue of investing RTO based on different perspectives 1. Reverse Mergers (RTOs) Defined & Current situation: “A reverse merger (RTO) is a transaction in which an unlisted private operating company becomes public via a merger with a publicly traded shell company, which is generally a company with no material business operations.” (SEC Approves New Exchange Rules to Toughen Listing Standards for Reverse Merger Companies) Beginning in 2007 and continuing into the present, more than 150 Chinese companies have obtained listings on both U.S. and foreign stock exchanges via reverse mergers (RTOs). 2. The structure of RTO (Coming to America) • Matchmakers in China and the U.S. connect businesses in China with American ailing or shell companies and propose a merger • The under writer hires an auditor to prepare the financial statements required for the merger to be approved by the SEC • Once the merger is approved, the company is renamed. Often the names contain the word "China" or "Sino". • The company builds up credibility and moves up to a well-known exchange such as Nasdaq • The company works with an investment bank to sell shares. Analysts catch on, investors start paying attention, and funds buy the stock, all moving the price. 3. Why a reverse merger rather than an IPO? • Reduced time and costs to secure public listing Take US stock exchange as example: A firm can avoid having to...
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...Philippines Ayala Boulevard, Ermita Manila IM – 10: Production Management CHAPTER VIII. Production Process Improvement For Product Innovation Submitted by: Tugade, Erwin Benedict P. Liang, Dongping (Jessie) BAM – IM – 4LE Submitted to: Noel B. Hernandez, Ph. D. Topics to be discussed 1. Production Process. 2. Characteristics of A Production Process. 3. Importance of Continuous Process improvement. 4. Innovation Drivers of Change. 5. Reverse Engineering. 6. Kaizen. Objectives * To be able to know what is Product Innovation. * To identify the reason of Continuous Innovation. * To be able to enumerate different factors Necessitating Change in Process Design * To introduce some new ways of thinking about continuous improvement. * To understand innovation as drivers of change. * To discuss about Reverse Engineering and Kaizen. Introduction To win in manufacturing, not only do you need the ability to innovate, but you must also execute upon that innovation and deliver new product to market before your competitors do. That's true manufacturing agility, and it can't happen if your enterprise is burdened by isolated plant-based execution systems that lack coordination between headquarters, engineering and the shop floor. As Blanchard (2005) believes that innovation is the successful exploitation of new ideas. And companies’ success, for example, means increased revenues, access to new markets, increased...
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...differences between GE’s traditional innovation and reverse innovation? GE’s, as most of MNE’s, used to innovate in rich countries and after sold those in emerging country; this the traditional way of innovation. However, they began a new strategy called reverse innovation. It is just the opposite. It is about innovating in the emerging country and then bringing those to the rest of the world, richer. The base is still the same as a traditional innovation, they create something new to be the first and win the market, which may doesn’t exist yet. But the reverse innovations are first adapted to the needs of the emerging country like China and India. The greatest difference is to be low price. When the product is well launched they bring it to the rich country and create a new market with low-cost innovative goods, which doesn’t exist in the western country. Thanks to the rapid development of populous countries like China and India and the slowing growth of wealthy nations, reverse innovation has become a strategic priority. 2/ Why is GE’s interested in reverse innovation? Because of their financial situation and their brutal recession, GE’s needed to find a new strategy to develop their products. Indeed the market of the rich country is saturated by competitors so it is more and more complicated to enter the market. At contrary the possibilities in the emerging country doesn’t stop to growth. That is why GE’s decided to invest in the reverse innovation. The portable ultrasound became...
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...more than half of the consumers are part of the base. Thus, illustrating that if MNEs ignore the needs and wants of the vast majority of the population, their products/services will have a hard time succeeding in emerging economies. What are the similarities and differences between GE’s traditional innovation and reverse innovation? GE’s reserve innovation is the exact opposite of its traditional innovation. Reserve innovation as used by GE is creating products for low-income countries with an affordable price tag, and then offering those products to developed countries, at what it will be seen a low-cost price tag. While GEs traditional innovation strategy, was to develop products for developed economies at an expensive price, then doing certain modifications to the products and selling them in low-income countries at a not necessarily low price for those countries. Why is GE so interested in reverse innovation? GE is interested in reserve innovation because the company realized that in order to compete and stay ahead of its current and new competitors; it must continue to innovation in low-income countries and take its products global. As stated in the case, “reverse innovation isn’t optional; its oxygen” (Peng, pg 17). Thus, GE has positively experience that innovating in emerging economies that are rich with people and resources will assist in the company’s profitability and sustainability. Why are leading US MNE such as GE, afraid of emerging multinationals from emerging...
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...July-December, 2013 Business Perspectives and Research Reverse Innovation: A Gift from Developing Economy to Developed Economy Ritu Sinha 1 Abstract In the era of globalization, emerging market economies are surfacing into centers of innovation. These innovations associate with low-cost products like healthcare devices, wind power, micro finance, electric cars and many more. The success of these frugal innovated products enable developed countries to adopt well. Hence, reverse innovation refers to those innovations which are adopted by developing countries first and then by developed countries. These innovative products are a result of cutting edge technology, common sense and ingenious use of local commodities with the price range that is affordable to a huge mass of consumers like Tata's one lakh ($ 1677) car Nano, Nokia's sturdy mobile phones, the Chottu Cool' refrigerator and many more. These products might be conceptualized for the customers at the bottom of the pyramid still not limited by scaled down versions meant for the lower end. This paper is an attempt to evaluate how reverse innovations are possible in emerging markets and how it can unlock business opportunities at a global scale. Keywords Emerging market, frugal, innovation, product reverse, technology 1. Introduction In today's changing and competitive environment, innovation is must for the survival of any kind of business in the marketplace. The primary objective of any business firm is to understand...
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...differences between GE’s traditional innovation and reverse innovation? GE’s, as most of MNE’s, used to innovate in rich countries and after sold those in emerging country; this the traditional way of innovation. However, they began a new strategy called reverse innovation. It is just the opposite. It is about innovating in the emerging country and then bringing those to the rest of the world, richer. The base is still the same as a traditional innovation, they create something new to be the first and win the market, which may doesn’t exist yet. But the reverse innovations are first adapted to the needs of the emerging country like China and India. The greatest difference is to be low price. When the product is well launched they bring it to the rich country and create a new market with low-cost innovative goods, which doesn’t exist in the western country. Thanks to the rapid development of populous countries like China and India and the slowing growth of wealthy nations, reverse innovation has become a strategic priority. 2) Why is GE’s interested in reverse innovation? Because of their financial situation and their brutal recession, GE’s needed to find a new strategy to develop their products. Indeed the market of the rich country is saturated by competitors so it is more and more complicated to enter the market. At contrary the possibilities in the emerging country doesn’t stop to growth. That is why GE’s decided to invest in the reverse innovation. The portable ultrasound became...
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